单词 | islamic |
释义 | Islamicadj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Islam; Muslim; conforming with Muslim practice or tradition. Of a political party, etc.: advocating a society ordered according to Muslim principles. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [adjective] circumcisa1325 Saracena1400 Mahometical1561 Mahometish1578 Mahometic1585 Mahometized1585 Mussulmanlike1589 turbaned1591 Mahometan1600 Ismaelitish1604 Saracenican1607 Ismaelitical1613 Moorish1613 Saracenical1613 Mahometanical1614 circumciseda1616 Mussulman1616 Mahounda1625 Muslim1626 Mussulmanish1638 Saracenic1638 Mohammedan1681 Sarazantic1726 Islamic1791 Islamitic1791 Islamite1800 Islamitish1801 Mussulmanic1801 Saracenian1818 Islamistic1828 Muslimite1829 Muslimin1844 Islamist1853 Ismaelitic1884 Muslimic1903 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 555/1 Iranick subjects of the Islamisk and other religions.] 1791 W. Enfield Brucker's Hist. Philos. II. 244 Avenpace..applied it to the illustration of the Islamic system of theology. 1815 Q. Rev. July 322 The Islamic rite of circumcision being universally practised among them. 1895 Q. Rev. July 244 The character of the Prophet of Islâm follows naturally from the Islâmic conception of God. 1929 W. S. Churchill World Crisis IV. 462 The Sherifian family which, as guardians of the Holy Places at Mecca, commanded wide veneration throughout the Islamic world. 1966 Rev. Politics 28 460 They advocated a total reconstruction of the state along Islamic lines. 1991 Past & Present Aug. 114 The..leaders of the Islamic party argue that the nationalists have adopted European institutions or ideologies. 2010 Daily Tel. 28 July 20/4 [It] will encourage democrats and reformers throughout the Islamic world. 2. Of a banking system or service: that forbids or avoids usury so as to comply with Sharia. Cf. riba n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [adjective] > types of financial institution mutual1784 savings and loan1840 Islamic1950 1950 Financial Times 23 Jan. 5/3 An Islamic system of banking based on the requirements of Islamic ideals of social and economic life is to be evolved in Pakistan. 1979 Guardian 19 Feb. (Financial section) 12/4 There is an expectation that Iran will experiment with Islamic banking which forbids interest charges. 1991 New Yorker 7 Oct. 82/3 Was there not a danger that Brunei could be turned from a Muslim nation into a theocratic Islamic state, with an Islamic banking system and Shariat laws? 2011 T. Beck et al. Financing Afr. iii. 101 Islamic financial products can be offered by Islamic banks and conventional banks through specialized windows. Compounds Islamic calendar n. (also with capital initial in the second element) a traditional lunar calendar used in Islam, typically to determine the dates of religious festivals, rituals, etc., throughout the year.The Islamic calendar is based on 12 lunar months and consists of 344 or 345 days. The years are reckoned from the Hijra, the period in which Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina and founded the first Muslim community (which is placed at 622 CE: see Hijra n.1); the months are al-Muḥarram, Ṣafar, Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal, Rabīʿ ath-Thānī, Jumadā al-ʾŪlā, Jumādā ath-Thāniyah, Rajab, Shaʿbān, Ramaḍān, Shawwāl, Ḏū al-Qaʿdah, and Ḏū al-Ḥijjah. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > calendar > [noun] > specific calendars Gregorian Calendarc1275 Julian Calendarc1275 fastia1387 almanacc1392 prognostication1486 shepherd's calendar1506 ephemeris1559 perpetual almanac?1566 perpetual calendar1577 ephemeris1647 primstaff1662 rim-stock1662 parapegma1671 Poor Robin1708 menologium1709 menologion1727 rune-staff1753 Liberian Calendar1754 parapegm1755 timetable1758 prognosticator1779 Hindu calendar1795 Moore's Almanac1806 Moorea1821 numeral1853 Advent calendar1867 paddywhack almanac1875 paddy1876 Islamic calendar1912 1912 S. H. Leeder Veiled Myst. Egypt & Islam iii. i. 210 By the Islamic calendar, the date allows it [sc. the Mahmal procession] to fall in the winter season. 1988 J. L. Esposito Islam i. 11 The significance of the hijra is reflected in its adoption as the beginning of the Islamic calendar. 2021 @aifassafia 29 June in twitter.com (accessed 29 June 2021) These summer months we're in are also the three consecutive sacred months in the Islamic calendar, the ending and beginning of our year. Islamic finance n. a financial system that conforms to Islamic principles and Sharia law, esp. by prohibiting the payment or receipt of interest. ΚΠ 1948 S. A. Siddiqi Public Finance in Islam Introd. p. vii The orthodox Islamic Finance does not provide for any banking system for the simple reason that interest is prohibited in Islam. 1997 R. E. Looney Pakistani Econ. ii. vii. 115 Islamic law forbids the fixed or predetermined return on financial transactions, but it does not forbid an uncertain rate of return represented by profits. For this reason, the modern concept of Islamic finance has developed on the basis of profit sharing. 2021 Qatar Tribune (Nexis) 22 Nov. The continued growth of Islamic finance is translating into increased prominence within global finance markets. Islamic fundamentalism n. strict adherence to doctrines and practices held to be fundamental to Islam, often coupled with advocacy of the increased influence of Islamic law in politics and society; cf. fundamentalism n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > Islamic sects and groups > [noun] > fundamentalism fundamentalism1925 Islamic fundamentalism1944 Islamism1979 Islamicism1986 1944 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 4 516 The general precondition for the evolution of Arabic philosophy into a religion for an intellectual elite was the cultural lag of Islamic fundamentalism. 1959 N.Y. Times 15 Nov. 37/2 The Wahabi movement has made Jidda..a city of Islamic fundamentalism. 1988 J. L. Esposito Islam v. 162 Islam has reasserted itself more forcefully in both the personal and the public lives of Muslim societies in a striking and sometimes dramatic manner often called the Islamic resurgence, Islamic revivalism, or Islamic fundamentalism. 2011 Independent (Nexis) 13 Oct. 18 In Washington's Manichean view of the world,..Islamic fundamentalism has replaced communism as the necessary global enemy to be combated. Islamic fundamentalist n. a proponent or adherent of Islamic fundamentalism. ΚΠ 1925 N.Y. Times 23 Aug. vii. 18/1 (heading) Sheik of Islamic Fundamentalists held responsible for recent Kurdish rebellion. 1962 M. Berger Arab World Today ix. 344 Though the nationalists use Islamic loyalty in mobilizing sentiment against the non-Moslem world outside, within each Arab country they promote reforms that pit them against the Islamic fundamentalists. 1990 Independent on Sunday 18 Feb. 17/2 The Egyptian police believe Islamic fundamentalists pose a greater threat to the stability of the country. 2004 T. Khair Bus Stopped 128 I spun out a rich story in which my Kashmiri Hindu (Pundit) family was attacked and killed by Islamic fundamentalists. Islamic Jihad n. [after Arabic jihād al-islāmī, in the name of various Middle Eastern (e.g. Palestinian and Lebanese) extremist organizations] (a) (with lower-case initial in the second element) = jihad n. 1; (b) (the name of) any of various Muslim extremist organizations founded in the Middle East since the late 1970s. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Arab and Middle East politics > [noun] > specific Arab association Hezbollah1960 Rejection Front1974 Islamic Jihad1979 1945 H. Sprout & M. Sprout Found. National Power viii. 309 Moslems saw the humor in one Christian nation calling for an Islamic jihad against another Christian nation. 1979 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 4: Middle East & Afr. (B.B.C.) 21 Feb. ME/6048/A/3 The Istiqlal Party blessed this..step. It considered it as the first fruit of the blessed Islamic jihad of the Imam Khomeyni. 1983 Washington Post 20 Apr. 25/3 Islamic Jihad (which means Moslem holy war) was first heard of when an anonymous caller claimed responsibility on its behalf for a similar car-bomb explosion. 1991 Time 19 Aug. 29/2 Some analysts went so far as to credit Syria with giving Islamic Jihad an ultimatum: surrender a hostage or face our military might. 2008 C. Newkey-Burden in J. Burchill & C. Newkey-Burden Not in my Name 58 When Palestinians suspected of collaborating are proven to be brutally tortured—sometimes to death—by members of Islamic Jihad, again the silence is deafening. Islamic law n. the system of Muslim religious law; = Sharia n.; (also) a law or principle forming part of this. ΚΠ 1838 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 150 In the vast Presidency of Bengal, Hindoos and Mahometans are governed upon the principles of the Islamic law. 1890 Friend 7 June 371/3 As a protest against the Christian barbarism which paid no regard to Islamic law he destroyed the vile instrument by which the wicked deed had been committed. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 947/1 According to Islamic laws, the adulterer, if married, should be stoned to death, and if unmarried should be given 80 lashes. 2011 E. Girardet Killing Cranes xiv. 342 He imposed a moderate form of Islamic law, which required women to cover their hair, but allowed them to work and attend segregated schools. Islamic veil n. any of various types of headdress worn by some Muslim women, typically the hijab but sometimes one covering more of the body. ΚΠ 1960 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 23 Oct. 17/1 Iran's women took off their Islamic veils 25 years ago, but many are hidden behind them again today. 1974 N.Y. Times 12 May 16/1 About half the women [in Tehran] wear chadors, the Islamic veils that cover them from head to foot. 2012 V. M. Hudson et al. Sex & World Peace (2014) iii. 68 Turkey passed a law allowing women to veil in public buildings, but only with a loosely tied headscarf and not with an Islamic veil that covers the whole head. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1791 |
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