† abreakv.

Forms: see a- prefix¹ and break v.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German arbrehhan , irbrehhan to break (a thing) in pieces, to break forth, to burst out (Middle High German erbrechen , German erbrechen ; now chiefly in sense ‘to vomit’) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of break v.In Old English a strong verb of Class V. Some Middle English instances in past participle form may perhaps represent a variant of ibroken , past participle of break v.; compare a- prefix².

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To break in pieces, shatter. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst

to-breakc888

briteOE

to-shenec950

abreakOE

forgnidea1000

to-brytc1000

to-burstc1000

to-driveOE

shiverc1200

to-shiverc1200

to-reavec1225

shiverc1250

debruise1297

to-crack13..

to-frushc1300

to-sliftc1315

chinec1330

littlec1350

dingc1380

bruisea1382

burst1382

rushc1390

shinderc1390

spald?a1400

brittenc1400

pashc1400

forbruise1413

to break, etc. into sherds1426

shattera1450

truncheon1477

scarboyle1502

shonk1508

to-shattera1513

rash1513

shidera1529

grind1535

infringe1543

dishiver1562

rupture1578

splinter1582

tear1582

disshiver1596

upburst1596

to burst up1601

diminish1607

confract1609

to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612

dishatter1615

vanquashc1626

beshiver1647

disfrange1778

smash1778

explode1784

bust1806

spell1811

smithereen1878

shard1900

OE Fortunes of Men 35 Sum sceal on geapum galgan ridan, seomian æt swylte, oþþæt sawlhord, bancofa blodig, abrocen weorþeð.

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) ii. 9 And ic gedo þæt þu heora wylst mid isernre gyrde, and hi miht swa eaðe abrecan swa se croccwyrhta mæg ænne croccan.

c1250 in Englische Studien (1935) 70 239 (MED) To rome eft he was brout..Abroken & def & blint.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12940 Nu hafeð he mine ban alle lad-liche a-brokene.

2. transitive. To violate (a commandment, agreement, promise, etc.); to fail to observe or keep.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > be unfaithful to [verb (transitive)] > break (a promise or agreement)

breakOE

abreakOE

false1303

violate?a1475

unpromise1583

to go back on1862

OE Charter: Ealdorman Æðelred to Berkeley Abbey (Sawyer 218) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 21 Gif hwelc mon sio, þæt he mid yfle wyllan oht þæs abrecan wylle þe on þisse cartan awriten is.

OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lviii. 99 Gif þænne ahwænne þis behat abrycð, wite he, þæt he bið geniþered and gehyned fram ælmihtigum drihtne.

OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 419) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 140 Nu is eac to witanne..þæt we þurh nan þing nænne dæg þis fæsten ne abrecon, ne on æte, ne on drence, butan sunnandagum.

a1161 Royal Charter: Henry II to Certain Bishops, Earls, Sheriffs, & Thegns in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 12 Ic nelle geþauian þet enig man þis abrece bi minan fullen frenscipan.

3. intransitive. To break forth; to burst in or out. Also: to escape. Occasionally in perfect tense formed with to be.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > burst violently from rest or restraint

abreakOE

outburstOE

outbreaka1450

reboil1477

to break forth1535

burst1542

to break out1574

go1583

fulminate1630

break1693

lasha1716

to rage out1720

rip1856

outflame1890

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xv. 304 Mare wundor wæs þæt he of deaðe aras: þonne he cucu of ðære rode abræce.

OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) i. 2 Sume dæge on ærnemergen..he abræc into ðam bure þar heo inne læg.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 721 Ich am mid ærmðen abroken vt of þon benden.

c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 57 (MED) In abreken at a breid A þousend develene.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7893 (MED) Prike we at onnes..& ȝif we may owhar abreke, Fle we hem.

a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 19 Myne hert is atstirt me..And where abrake sche fram dauid..god it wott att his eiȝe þirle.

c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 2612 (MED) Thai wer..develis abroken oute of helle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abreak
释义	† abreakv. Forms: see a- prefix¹ and break v. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German arbrehhan , irbrehhan to break (a thing) in pieces, to break forth, to burst out (Middle High German erbrechen , German erbrechen ; now chiefly in sense ‘to vomit’) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of break v.In Old English a strong verb of Class V. Some Middle English instances in past participle form may perhaps represent a variant of ibroken , past participle of break v.; compare a- prefix². Obsolete. 1. transitive. To break in pieces, shatter. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst to-breakc888 briteOE to-shenec950 abreakOE forgnidea1000 to-brytc1000 to-burstc1000 to-driveOE shiverc1200 to-shiverc1200 to-reavec1225 shiverc1250 debruise1297 to-crack13.. to-frushc1300 to-sliftc1315 chinec1330 littlec1350 dingc1380 bruisea1382 burst1382 rushc1390 shinderc1390 spald?a1400 brittenc1400 pashc1400 forbruise1413 to break, etc. into sherds1426 shattera1450 truncheon1477 scarboyle1502 shonk1508 to-shattera1513 rash1513 shidera1529 grind1535 infringe1543 dishiver1562 rupture1578 splinter1582 tear1582 disshiver1596 upburst1596 to burst up1601 diminish1607 confract1609 to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612 dishatter1615 vanquashc1626 beshiver1647 disfrange1778 smash1778 explode1784 bust1806 spell1811 smithereen1878 shard1900 OE Fortunes of Men 35 Sum sceal on geapum galgan ridan, seomian æt swylte, oþþæt sawlhord, bancofa blodig, abrocen weorþeð. OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) ii. 9 And ic gedo þæt þu heora wylst mid isernre gyrde, and hi miht swa eaðe abrecan swa se croccwyrhta mæg ænne croccan. c1250 in Englische Studien (1935) 70 239 (MED) To rome eft he was brout..Abroken & def & blint. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12940 Nu hafeð he mine ban alle lad-liche a-brokene. 2. transitive. To violate (a commandment, agreement, promise, etc.); to fail to observe or keep. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > be unfaithful to [verb (transitive)] > break (a promise or agreement) breakOE abreakOE false1303 violate?a1475 unpromise1583 to go back on1862 OE Charter: Ealdorman Æðelred to Berkeley Abbey (Sawyer 218) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 21 Gif hwelc mon sio, þæt he mid yfle wyllan oht þæs abrecan wylle þe on þisse cartan awriten is. OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lviii. 99 Gif þænne ahwænne þis behat abrycð, wite he, þæt he bið geniþered and gehyned fram ælmihtigum drihtne. OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 419) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 140 Nu is eac to witanne..þæt we þurh nan þing nænne dæg þis fæsten ne abrecon, ne on æte, ne on drence, butan sunnandagum. a1161 Royal Charter: Henry II to Certain Bishops, Earls, Sheriffs, & Thegns in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 12 Ic nelle geþauian þet enig man þis abrece bi minan fullen frenscipan. 3. intransitive. To break forth; to burst in or out. Also: to escape. Occasionally in perfect tense formed with to be. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > burst violently from rest or restraint abreakOE outburstOE outbreaka1450 reboil1477 to break forth1535 burst1542 to break out1574 go1583 fulminate1630 break1693 lasha1716 to rage out1720 rip1856 outflame1890 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xv. 304 Mare wundor wæs þæt he of deaðe aras: þonne he cucu of ðære rode abræce. OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) i. 2 Sume dæge on ærnemergen..he abræc into ðam bure þar heo inne læg. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 721 Ich am mid ærmðen abroken vt of þon benden. c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 57 (MED) In abreken at a breid A þousend develene. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7893 (MED) Prike we at onnes..& ȝif we may owhar abreke, Fle we hem. a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 19 Myne hert is atstirt me..And where abrake sche fram dauid..god it wott att his eiȝe þirle. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 2612 (MED) Thai wer..develis abroken oute of helle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.OE
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