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单词 inspire
释义

inspirev.

Brit. /ɪnˈspʌɪə/, U.S. /ᵻnˈspaɪ(ə)r/
Forms: α. Middle English–1600s enspire, Middle English enspyr, Middle English–1500s enspyre. β. Middle English ynspyre, ynspire, Middle English–1600s inspyre, 1500s Scottish inspyr, inspir, Middle English– inspire.
Etymology: < Old French enspirer, inspirer (13th cent.), espirer (12th cent. in Littré), < Latin inspīrāre to blow or breathe into, < in- (in- prefix3) + spīrāre to breathe.
I. Literal (physical) senses.
1.
a. transitive. To breathe or blow upon or into. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > set (air) in motion [verb (transitive)] > blow on or into
ablastOE
inspirec1405
huffle1582
afflate1599
van1628
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 6 Whan zephirus eek wt his sweete breeth Inspired hath in euery holt and heeth The tendre croppes.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. viii. (MS. Cott. Aug. A. iv) And zephirus ful agreable and smoþe Þe tendre branchis enspireþ and doþe springe.
1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Inspire, breath or blow into.
a1657 [implied in: G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV cccxx, in Poems (1878) IV. 81 The French mean-while, with re-inspired Sayles Come to ayde Glendoure. (at reinspired adj. at reinspire v. Derivatives)].
1700 J. Dryden To Dutchess of Ormond in Fables sig. A2 A soft Etesian Gale But just inspir'd, and gently swell'd the Sail.
1709 A. Pope Spring in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 724 Let my Muse her slender Reed inspire.
1713 A. Pope Ode Musick 1 Descend ye Nine!..The breathing Instruments inspire.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 353 He stands, and with swoln cheeks Inspires the News, his trumpet.
b. intransitive. To breathe or blow. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > exhalation > exhale [verb (intransitive)]
breathea1382
spirea1382
blazec1384
inspire1513
tuff?1553
to breathe out1576
huff1582
expire1633
outbreathe1638
aspirec1750
exhale1863
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. xi. 15 And, that scho [Juno] suld go spedely, The prosper wind gan eftir hir inspyre.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P3 When the winde emongst them [sc. locks of hair] did inspyre.
2.
a. transitive. To blow or breathe (air, etc.) upon or into. (In quot. 1536, To ‘breathe’, utter.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > set (air) in motion [verb (transitive)] > blow on or into > blow (air) on or into
inspire1536
1536 Prymer Salysbery Use (STC 15992) f. cxlv His dulcetnesse hath none enspyred All alone he is to be desyred.
1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. iv. f. 119v By pestilent diseases & maladies, which..inspyreth infection into our bodyes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V7 An huge great payre of bellowes, which did styre Continually, and cooling breath inspyre.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 311 With th' ayre of these sweet words, the wilie Snake A poysned ayre inspired..In Eues frail brest.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 804 Assaying..if, inspiring venom, he might taint Th' animal Spirits that from pure blood arise. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 415 Unseen, unfelt, the fiery Serpent skims Betwixt her Linnen, and her naked Limbs, His baneful Breath inspiring, as he glides.
b. To breathe (life, a soul, etc.) in or into. (Cf. Genesis ii. 7.) In later use, figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > vital principle > impart vital principle [verb (transitive)]
inspirea1382
inform1594
actuate1597
spirit1606
vitalize1678
staminate1720
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > breathe (to give life)
anbloweOE
inspirea1382
insufflatea1706
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Wisd. xv. 11 He kneȝ not [Him] that made hym, and that enspirede to hym a soule.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 26 In their mothers wombes..Doth in all sonnes of men their Soules inspire.
1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) v. sig. K3 Inspire new life into their bodies.
1657 Lusts Dominion i. iii. sig. B7v Dry your wet eies, for sorrow wanteth force T'inspire a breathing soul in a dead coarse.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 785 Least that pure breath of Life, the Spirit of Man Which God inspir'd, cannot together perish With this corporeal Clod. View more context for this quotation
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. v. 53 Out of his bitter agony, a soul and intellect, I could almost say, have been inspired into him.
c. To produce by blowing or breathing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > exhalation > exhale [verb (transitive)] > breathe on > produce by
inspirec1420
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 174 The southern wynd enspirith bettir wyn.
3.
a. transitive. To breathe in, take into the lungs by breathing, inhale. (Opposed to expire v. 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > inhalation > inhale [verb (transitive)]
to suck inc1220
drawa1300
inbreathea1382
to draw ina1398
to take in1495
inhaust1547
fetch1552
fet1556
imbreathe1574
to breathe in1576
attract1582
suck?1614
inspirate1615
imbibe1621
inspire1666
redistend1684
inhale1725
embreathe1867
indraw1883
1528 [implied in: T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni 2 A ij b Inspirynge of hotte aier..by breathyng of warme aier, the mattier is warmed and riped. (at inspiring n.)].
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxviii. 16 By means of those Sulphurous coal smoaks the lungs are..stifled and extremely oppressed, whereby they are forced to inspire and expire the air with Difficulty, in comparison to the facility of inspiring and expiring the Air in the Country.
1761 Descr. S. Carolina 19 The Air we walk in and inspire.
1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 279 It seems, according to him, forty-three cubic inches are always inspired at once.
1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. xii. 261 Animals, which inspire oxygen, and expire carbonic acid.
b. intransitive or absol. To draw in the breath.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > inhalation > inhale [verb (intransitive)]
to breathe in1543
inhalate1623
inspire1767
1661 [implied in: I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 3) i. i. 9 If the inspiring and expiring Organ of any animal be stopt, it suddenly dies. (at inspiring adj. 1b)].
1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 351 The method..is, to make the patient inspire, as much as he possibly can.
1861 F. H. Ramadge Curability of Consumption 36 When the patient inspired, a slight protrusion took place where the wound had been.
1894 Times 5 Mar. 14/4 A man who hunched up his shoulders every time he inspired.
II. Figurative senses.
4. transitive. To infuse some thought or feeling into (a person, etc.), as if by breathing; to animate or actuate by some mental or spiritual influence.
a. spec. (Theology, etc.) Said of God or the Holy Spirit, or of a divinity or supernatural being: To influence or actuate by special divine or supernatural agency; used esp. in reference to the prophets, apostles, and Scripture writers: cf. inspiration n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > inspiration or revelation > inspire [verb (transitive)]
inblowc975
inspirea1340
illuminec1340
enlightenc1384
reveal?a1425
aspire1532
illuminatea1538
clarify1631
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxlvii. 7 Alsone as his gaste enspiris þaire hert.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 189 In þe cop þerof is the temple of Delphicus Apollo; and in þe wyndynge of þe myddel playn is a pitte, oute of þat pitte philosofres were enspired.
R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 9 If paraunter goddis grace to þat þame wald enspyr.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 897 As god inspired hir forth sho went.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 678 Gif that he enspirit [1489 Adv. inspyrit] war Of him, that all thing euirmar Seis in his presciens.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 498/1 As that holi spirite enspired mo then them that wrote, so enspired he the writers in mo thinges then they wrote.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. i. 66 Appollo..Inspire me that I may this treason finde. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 169 Such private men as pretend to be supernaturally Inspired.
1718 I. Watts O Thou that Hear'st in Psalms of David viii O may thy Love inspire my Tongue.
1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. iii. 20 Few, indeed, may have been inspired to speak the word, but all have been inspired to feel it.
1884 Nonconformist & Independent 7 Feb. 131/2 The Church has decided that writers are inspired who if inspired, have been inspired to suggest to all ordinary judgments that they are not inspired.
b. gen. To influence, animate, or actuate (a person) with a feeling, idea, impulse, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)]
rineOE
afaite?c1225
stir?c1225
movea1325
amovec1380
inspire1390
commove1393
informa1398
toucha1400
embracec1430
rore1481
alter1529
to carry away?1529
raise1533
removea1540
heavec1540
affect?1548
carry1570
inmove1583
infecta1586
worka1616
unthaw1699
emove1835
emotionize1855
emotion1875
the mind > emotion > excitement > inspiration > inspire [verb (transitive)]
inblowc975
flamec1380
inspire1390
inflate1530
mounta1546
adblast1548
heighten1604
inspirita1661
to work up1681
exalt1744
inspiratea1806
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > inspire
inspire1390
embreathea1529
infuse1560
possess1597
inbreathe1883
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 75 My fader, but I were enspired Through love of you.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 261 Experience dois me so inspyr, Off this fals failȝeand warld I tyre.
1530 W. Tyndale Pract. Prelates sig. Hiv He enspired the kinge that the quene was not his wife.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients Ded. sig. A3 Feeling my selfe inspired with courage by the signification of your noble desire..I stoutly fell to my taske.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 124 Three of the Commissioners..were all inspir'd by the Scots, and liked well all that they pretended to desire.
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision Ded. p. iv The chief Motives, that Inspire me with the Respect I bear You.
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. 445 That the Romans..only sought to inspire them with a wholesome terror.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 198 Poverty inspires necessity with daring.
c. Said of the feeling, influence, etc.In quot. 1725, the sense is akin to 2b.
ΚΠ
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvii. 243 As holyness and honeste out of holy churche Spryngeþ and spredeþ and enspireþ þe peuple.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 227 What zeale, what furie, hath inspirde thee now? View more context for this quotation
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 451 Long as life this mortal shall inspire.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vi. ix. 132 Deliberate will Inspired our growing troop.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. vi. 57 She felt it good to be inspired..by the belief in a heroism struggling for divine ends.
5. To ‘breathe in’ or infuse (a feeling, thought, principle, etc.) into the mind or soul. Const. †to (obsolete), in, into.
a. spec. Of a divine or supernatural being: To impart, communicate, or suggest by special divine or supernatural agency; used esp. in reference to the utterances of prophets and apostles, and the writings of Scripture: cf. inspiration n. 3a, inspired adj. 4.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. iii. 16 Al scripture of God ynspyrid is profitable to teche, to arguwe..to reproue, or for to [emended in ed. to for to] lerne in riȝtwysnesse.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. GGiiiv It is to suppose, that all the rules of relygion were inspyred to the holy sayntes and fathers by the holy goost.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G4v The Poet..calleth the sweete Muses to inspire into him a good inuention.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiv. §6. 360 Yet hath not that spirit the light of vnderstanding, vnlesse the Father of Lights inspire the same into him.
1889 J. Ruskin Præterita III. iv. 163 Melodies which have been, not invented, but inspired, to all nations in the days of their loyalty to God, to their prince, and to themselves.
b. gen. To infuse (something) into the mind; to kindle, arouse, awaken in the mind or heart (a feeling, idea, impulse, purpose, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion
rearOE
arear?c1225
annoyc1300
movea1325
excite1393
raisea1400
lighta1413
stirc1430
provokec1450
provocate?a1475
rendera1522
to stir upc1530
excitate?1549
inspire1576
yield1576
to turn up1579
rouse1589
urge1594
incense1598
upraisea1600
upreara1600
irritate1612
awakena1616
recreate1643
pique1697
arouse1730
unlull1743
energize1753
evocate1827
evoke1856
vibe1977
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse
sheda1325
bedew1340
distil1393
informa1398
transfusec1425
pourc1451
infudea1500
infuse1526
tan1530
colour1536
suck1549
imbrue1565
dewc1572
inspire1576
steep1603
infect1605
imbreathe1609
impregn1652
transfund1670
influence1691
bleed1866
render1885
taste1904
1576 A. Fleming tr. Lentulus in Panoplie Epist. 50 [Which] inspireth into their stomaches such yll beseeming manners.
1683 Apol. Protestants France ii. 17 They who inspire into the King such strange Acts.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1965) I. 386 Fatima has..an air that inspires at once Respect and tenderness.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xlii. 580 He inspired terror to the enemy and a just confidence to the troops.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. vii. 223 He..endeavored to inspire a confidence in others which he was far from feeling himself.
1884 Manch. Examiner 26 May 4/7 The course..is calculated to strengthen..the distrust which their erratic career tends to inspire.
6. absol. (from 4 or 5).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > inspiration > inspire or be inspired [verb (intransitive)]
inspire?a1425
the mind > will > motivation > have motive [verb (intransitive)] > incite or instigate > inspire
inspire?a1425
?a1425 Gast of Gy (Rawl. MS. Poet. 175) lf. 107 v/2 Þe spirit enspires whare it will.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 173 Mater inspirantis, Mother of hym that enspyreth.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxii. sig. giijv I onely exhortynge, and the good spirite inspyringe.
1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle i. 21 Perfectly self-possessed..commanding, advising, reassuring, inspiring, he was evidently there to do good.
7. transferred (from 4 and 5: cf. 1702 at sense 4b). transitive. To suggest or prompt the utterance of particular views or information on some public matter, or to prompt a speaker or writer to such utterance. (See also inspired adj. 5.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > influence by suggestion > suggest > the utterance or publication of
inspire1883
1883 Manch. Examiner 29 Oct. 5/2 The abortive pronunciamentos which are supposed to have been inspired by the agents of Senor Zorilla's Republican propaganda.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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