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单词 internalize
释义

internalizev.

Brit. /ɪnˈtəːnl̩ʌɪz/, /ɪnˈtəːnəlʌɪz/, U.S. /ᵻnˈtərnlˌaɪz/
Forms: 1700s– internalize, 1800s– internalise.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: internal adj., -ize suffix.
Etymology: < internal adj. + -ize suffix.In sense 1d after German verinnerlichen (1930, in the passage translated in quot. 1930, or earlier in this sense).
1.
a. transitive. To make or treat as internal (internal adj. 2); to give an inward or subjective character to; to experience or understand from a mental or spiritual perspective.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > subjectivity, relation to self > make subjective, interiorize [verb (transitive)]
internalize1794
subjectivize1825
subjectify1840
inward1868
interiorize1906
1794 Inq. Comm. & Doctr. Swedenborg iii. 40 Such is the rage of this New Sectary for allegorizing, internalizing, and spiritualizing every word and every object which they see, that I should not be surprised to hear some of the Baron's followers tell me by and by, that there was no such an animal as a horse.
a1848 W. A. Butler Lect. Hist. Anc. Philos. (1856) II. iv. 5 The very tendency of faith, when it becomes an abiding principle, is to internalize more and more our proofs and convictions of a future world.
1905 H. Jones in T. Stephens Child & Relig. i. 70 In the degree to which the self is free it possesses the world. It internalises it within the self.
1979 Duke Law Jrnl. No. 6. 1237 The Personalist, internalizing God on a one-man-one-God basis, leaves evaluations of interactions between the Godlets formally impossible.
2007 J. P. Manoussakis God after Metaphysics iii. 58 With Plotinus begins the long process of internalizing time—eloquent indications of which one can find from Augustine's distentio animae up to Kant's subjective pure intuition.
b. transitive. Of a system of thought, form of artistic expression, etc.: to absorb or take in (elements from elsewhere); to incorporate, assimilate.
ΚΠ
1915 C. McAlpin Hermaia xvii. 127 By internalising the sense-media of other arts it [sc. poetry] can weld together the subject-matter of all estheticism.
1967 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 June 502/2 In our own time these [traditional terms of bourgeois humanism] have been internalized by existentialism, and Herr Fischer follows suit. ‘Whether the world has any meaning..is a religious, a metaphysical question.’
2011 Philadelphia Inquirer 16 Sept. w17 A startlingly sensitive songwriter whose music internalized the influences of the Beach Boys, Elvis Costello, and the Everly Brothers.
c. transitive. To make (attitudes or behaviour) part of one’s nature by learning or unconscious assimilation; to adopt or incorporate as one's own (the attitudes, values, etc., of another person or social group).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > group psychology > adopt group values [verb (transitive)]
internalize1918
1918 J. K. Hart Democracy in Educ. 23 The children, especially the boys, must take these customs upon themselves as their own real life; they must internalize them; they must identify their own dawning social impulses with them.
1945 St. C. Drake & H. R. Cayton Black Metropolis 773 As participants in the society in which they grow up they internalize the prevailing way of life of the community and make it part of themselves.
1968 J. M. Ziman Public Knowl. v. 77 He must internalize the scientific attitude so that he cannot even conceive of, say,..recording the epoch of an eclipse by reference to the age of the reigning monarch.
1989 R. Tong Feminist Thought viii. 220 So long as individuals speak the language of the Symbolic Order—internalizing its gender roles and class roles—society will reproduce itself in fairly constant form.
2002 New Internationalist May 10/2 It appears as though Muslims have internalized all those historic and contemporary Western representations of Islam that have been used to demonize them for centuries.
d. transitive. Psychoanalysis. To assimilate (a relationship or an instinctual object) into one's mental apparatus; to transfer to a subjective image of an object (the emotions connected with the object); = introject v. Also more generally: to redirect (an emotion) away from its cause or target towards oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > attribute to other [verb (transitive)] > make internal
internalize1930
1930 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Civilization & its Discontents vii. 105 What means does civilization make use of to hold in check the aggressiveness that opposes it,..perhaps to get rid of it?.. We can study it in the evolution of the individual... The aggressiveness is introjected, ‘internalized’ [Ger. Die Aggression wird introjiziert, verinnerlicht]; in fact, it is sent back where it came from, i.e. directed against the ego.
1942 Internat. Jrnl. Psycho-anal. 23 15/1 The atonement for guilt is here carried out by internalizing the attacked external object.
1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. viii. 203 The chances are that his aggressive impulses..will be internalized and deflected against himself.
1990 J. Bradshaw Homecoming i. 19 Jules..internalized her anger at men.
1995 D. V. Hunsinger Theol. & Pastoral Care v. 175 Once internalized, shame can be perpetuated totally within the self, needing no external person or situation to induce the feeling of shame.
2005 J. O. Balswick et al. Reciprocating Self iv. 74 If children internalize an anxious or hateful object, they will anticipate having negative experiences with other relationships.
2. transitive. Biology. Of a cell or organism: to take in or absorb; spec. to take in by endocytosis.
ΚΠ
1960 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 235 2228/2 The breakdown of membrane internalized during phagocytosis has been observed.
1961 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 3 June 49/1 It was only when the needed salt solution was internalized after hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary development that life could emerge from the sea onto solid land.
1974 J. B. Finean et al. Membranes & Cellular Functions vi. 110 During particle ingestion (or pinocytosis) the cells internalize much of their plasma membranes.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies vii. 180 The evolution of digestive mutualism via detritivory and coprophagy, a stepwise process that can be described as ‘internalizing the external rumen’—internalizing the assemblage of microbes that colonize and decompose material.
3. transitive. Linguistics. To acquire knowledge of and competency in (a language or linguistic rule).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > [verb (transitive)] > process in language acquisition
internalize1962
1962 German Q. 35 78 Drills to help the student ‘internalize’ habits of pronunciation, grammar, and syntax.
1971 D. Crystal Linguistics iii. 104 We have mastered (‘internalized’ is a word often used here) a technique for breaking each new sentence up.
1984 V. A. Heidinger Analyzing Syntax & Semantics 1 Native speakers of a language internalize syntactic rules without giving them much thought.
2013 S. V. Chappell & C. Faltis Arts & Emergent Bilingual Youth i. 8 Learners internalize language based on comprehension of meaning.
4. transitive. Economics. To incorporate (externalities, esp. social costs resulting from a product's manufacture and use) as part of a pricing structure. Cf. externality n. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] > cost > include external costs
internalize1965
1965 Econ. Jrnl. 75 719 By internalising market externalities, Rothberg is thinking of the improvement of efficiency in resource allocation.
1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 44/3 The alteration of the ground rules and incentives under which the market operates by such devices as taxes, subsidies, and judicial actions to internalize (i.e., make explicit) social costs.
1982 L. J. Mercer Railroads & Land Grant Policy v. 98 When the railroad is unable to charge for all the benefits it produces, i.e., to internalize unpaid benefits, the cost or utility functions of other economic agents are shifted in a favorable direction.
2003 P. G. Derr & E. M. McNamara Case Stud. Environmental Ethics xliii. 250 Individual nations that internalize the cost of contributing to transnational environmental problems..may put their domestic industries at a serious competitive disadvantage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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