assertv.

Brit.

/əˈsəːt/, U.S.

/əˈsərt/

Etymology: < Latin assert- participial stem of as-serĕre ( < ad to + serĕre to join, put) to put one's hand on the head of a slave, either to set him free or claim him for servitude, hence, to set free, protect, defend; to appropriate, claim; to affirm, declare, state. Compare also medieval Latin assertāre (frequentative of asserĕre) to affirm.

I. To grant or ensure liberty, to protect.

†1. transitive. To bring into freedom, set free. (Cf. Latin asserere in libertatem.) Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition

set971

haveOE

wendOE

to bring onc1230

teemc1275

putc1330

run1391

casta1400

laya1400

stead1488

constitute1490

render1490

takea1530

introduce1532

deduce1545

throw?1548

derive?c1550

turn1577

to work up1591

estate1605

arrive1607

state1607

enduea1616

assert1638

sublime1654

to run up1657

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)]

freeeOE

letc1000

alithOE

areim-ena1250

alaskic1300

fritha1325

loose1340

unfetterc1374

to let goc1384

releasec1384

freitha1400

to let farea1400

assoil1401

remit1467

affranchise1477

resplaitc1531

discussa1542

freedom1548

to set (go, walk, etc.) free1609

re-enfranchise1611

unhook1611

unloose1614

liberate1623

disenfranchise1626

assert1638

relinquish1671

uncork1749

unfankle1824

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. iv. §13. 196 He that could assert Christians to that liberty which Christ and his Apostles left them.

1699 S. Patrick Comm. Num. xxiii. 471 The People of Israel..were asserted by God into a state of Liberty.

†2. To maintain the cause of, take the part of; to champion, protect, defend. Obsolete except with cause as object (where it passes into 5).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > vindicate > by argument

excusec1315

defend1340

propugnc1429

justify1477

recommend1602

asserta1643

a1643 W. Cartwright Off-spring Mercy (1652) 18 His [sc. Christ's] fathers fore-knowledge..asserted his death from casualty.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 275 Engaged to assert their good Patron..in his just vindication from this unjust aspersion.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 25 That..I may assert th' Eternal Providence, And justifie the wayes of God to men.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 53 God..could not so receive and assert an Impostor.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 339 Sedition silence, and assert the Throne.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. iv. 72 The cause that I shall assert, I shall dare support through every danger.

II. To lay claim to.

3. transitive. To claim (something) as belonging to (oneself or another); to declare one's right to, or possession of. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [verb (transitive)] > prove right to possession > claim right to possession

assert1652

stake1908

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [verb (transitive)] > assert ownership of

demand1485

assert1652

enter1733

vindicatea1859

file1871

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 210 Julius Cæsar did assert to himself a Dominion over British Isle and Sea.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxviii. 374 The few who assert to man a knowledge of the infinite.

†4. To lay claim to, claim. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim

challengea1240

claimc1320

pretend?a1425

vouch1488

to lay claim to1584

assert1649

vindicate1680

to take up1810

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (reflexive)] > claim > maintain claim by action

assert1649

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης x. 90 Thir principles too much asserted libertie.

1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon vii. 292 Here is no power asserted, no punishment to be inflicted..but only politicall.

1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 1 When to assert the Wall, and when resign.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxiii. 764 The fourth awarded lot..Meriones asserted next, The golden talents.

5. To maintain practically, insist upon, or vindicate, a (disputed) claim to (anything).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > maintain a claim by action

assert1649

vindicate1650

1649 J. Howell Preheminence Parl. 11 How infinitely necessary the Parlement is, to assert, to prop up, and preserve the Public Liberty.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 157 A third part of the Gods, in Synod met Thir Deities to assert .

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 47 A generous people..dare openly assert their rights.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. xvii. 306 He who would assert his independence.

6. to assert oneself: to insist upon the recognition of one's rights or claims, and take means to secure them.

ΚΠ

1879 M. Oliphant Within Precincts III. xxxviii. 115 He was all the more anxious not to lose her..that she had thus asserted herself.

1883 H. Wace Gospel & Witnesses iv. 80 That agnostic philosophy which now asserts itself so loudly.

III. To declare, state.

7. transitive. To declare formally and distinctly, to state positively, aver, affirm:

a. a thing to be, or that it is.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)]

vowc1330

anferme1340

affirma1382

willa1382

threapc1386

avow1393

to make oneself strongc1425

maintain?c1430

protest1440

traverse1491

assure1509

ferma1525

verc1540

profess1542

enforce1579

justify1579

aver1582

to take on1583

asserta1604

will1614

assevera1618

positive1656

autume1661

declare1709

obtesta1722

predicate1782

asseveratea1847

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 21 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Polycronicon assircteth..that they came to the North of Ireland in Vespasians time.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 15 Nothing is more..unworthy a Natural Philosopher..than to assert any thing to be done without a Cause.

1751 J. Harris Hermes i. ii. 16 To assert [is]..to publish some Perception, either of the Senses or the Intellect.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 15 Would you not at once assert of such a mistress that she knew nothing of her duties?

b. with pronominal object standing for a clause.

ΚΠ

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 46 Which is all that we assert.

1795 Sewel's Hist. Quakers (ed. 3) I. Pref. 9 I have endeavoured to assert nothing but what I had good authority for.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 636 It is not directly asserted, but it seems to be implied.

c. with noun as object.

ΚΠ

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 801 Those Imperial Titles which assert Our being ordain'd to govern.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 37 She asserted her innocence in the strongest terms.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. v. §27. 99 Common Sense asserts the existence of a reality.

†8.

a. To declare or affirm the existence of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (transitive)] > affirm the existence of

assert1656

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 66 He likewise asserteth Faith and Imagination.

1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 264 Justin Martyr asserts a double sense of some prophesies.

†b. To bear evidence of, bespeak. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)]

witne?c1225

witnessa1300

testimonyc1330

record1340

testify1393

depose1529

detest1562

voucher1609

voucha1616

evidence1620

bespeak1674

rap1728

assert1821

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 280/2 Their air and dress asserted the parade.

†9. To declare the extent of, to state. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > the extent of

assert1675

1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Pref. 4 Some have deviated..in Asserting the Distance.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 178 No size for the heighth of the Puppets can be well asserted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	assert
释义	† assertn. Etymology: < assert v. Obsolete. rare. Assertion, declaration. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > [noun] > a statement or declaration pretence1440 mentiona1470 profession1526 resolution1594 definitive1595 propound1599 enunciation1628 expression1635 express1646 declarative1651 assert1655 statement1775 enouncementa1856 sayable1957 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 79 His assert being entred upon record. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V lii, in Poems (1878) IV. 114 Treason strongly back't In the Assert of Language. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). assertv. Brit. /əˈsəːt/, U.S. /əˈsərt/ Etymology: < Latin assert- participial stem of as-serĕre ( < ad to + serĕre to join, put) to put one's hand on the head of a slave, either to set him free or claim him for servitude, hence, to set free, protect, defend; to appropriate, claim; to affirm, declare, state. Compare also medieval Latin assertāre (frequentative of asserĕre) to affirm. I. To grant or ensure liberty, to protect. †1. transitive. To bring into freedom, set free. (Cf. Latin asserere in libertatem.) Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition set971 haveOE wendOE to bring onc1230 teemc1275 putc1330 run1391 casta1400 laya1400 stead1488 constitute1490 render1490 takea1530 introduce1532 deduce1545 throw?1548 derive?c1550 turn1577 to work up1591 estate1605 arrive1607 state1607 enduea1616 assert1638 sublime1654 to run up1657 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] freeeOE letc1000 alithOE areim-ena1250 alaskic1300 fritha1325 loose1340 unfetterc1374 to let goc1384 releasec1384 freitha1400 to let farea1400 assoil1401 remit1467 affranchise1477 resplaitc1531 discussa1542 freedom1548 to set (go, walk, etc.) free1609 re-enfranchise1611 unhook1611 unloose1614 liberate1623 disenfranchise1626 assert1638 relinquish1671 uncork1749 unfankle1824 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. iv. §13. 196 He that could assert Christians to that liberty which Christ and his Apostles left them. 1699 S. Patrick Comm. Num. xxiii. 471 The People of Israel..were asserted by God into a state of Liberty. †2. To maintain the cause of, take the part of; to champion, protect, defend. Obsolete except with cause as object (where it passes into 5). ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > vindicate > by argument excusec1315 defend1340 propugnc1429 justify1477 recommend1602 asserta1643 a1643 W. Cartwright Off-spring Mercy (1652) 18 His [sc. Christ's] fathers fore-knowledge..asserted his death from casualty. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 275 Engaged to assert their good Patron..in his just vindication from this unjust aspersion. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 25 That..I may assert th' Eternal Providence, And justifie the wayes of God to men. View more context for this quotation 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 53 God..could not so receive and assert an Impostor. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 339 Sedition silence, and assert the Throne. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. iv. 72 The cause that I shall assert, I shall dare support through every danger. View more context for this quotation II. To lay claim to. 3. transitive. To claim (something) as belonging to (oneself or another); to declare one's right to, or possession of. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [verb (transitive)] > prove right to possession > claim right to possession assert1652 stake1908 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [verb (transitive)] > assert ownership of demand1485 assert1652 enter1733 vindicatea1859 file1871 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 210 Julius Cæsar did assert to himself a Dominion over British Isle and Sea. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxviii. 374 The few who assert to man a knowledge of the infinite. †4. To lay claim to, claim. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim challengea1240 claimc1320 pretend?a1425 vouch1488 to lay claim to1584 assert1649 vindicate1680 to take up1810 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (reflexive)] > claim > maintain claim by action assert1649 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης x. 90 Thir principles too much asserted libertie. 1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon vii. 292 Here is no power asserted, no punishment to be inflicted..but only politicall. 1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 1 When to assert the Wall, and when resign. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxiii. 764 The fourth awarded lot..Meriones asserted next, The golden talents. 5. To maintain practically, insist upon, or vindicate, a (disputed) claim to (anything). ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > maintain a claim by action assert1649 vindicate1650 1649 J. Howell Preheminence Parl. 11 How infinitely necessary the Parlement is, to assert, to prop up, and preserve the Public Liberty. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 157 A third part of the Gods, in Synod met Thir Deities to assert . View more context for this quotation 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 47 A generous people..dare openly assert their rights. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. xvii. 306 He who would assert his independence. 6. to assert oneself: to insist upon the recognition of one's rights or claims, and take means to secure them. ΚΠ 1879 M. Oliphant Within Precincts III. xxxviii. 115 He was all the more anxious not to lose her..that she had thus asserted herself. 1883 H. Wace Gospel & Witnesses iv. 80 That agnostic philosophy which now asserts itself so loudly. III. To declare, state. 7. transitive. To declare formally and distinctly, to state positively, aver, affirm: a. a thing to be, or that it is. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)] vowc1330 anferme1340 affirma1382 willa1382 threapc1386 avow1393 to make oneself strongc1425 maintain?c1430 protest1440 traverse1491 assure1509 ferma1525 verc1540 profess1542 enforce1579 justify1579 aver1582 to take on1583 asserta1604 will1614 assevera1618 positive1656 autume1661 declare1709 obtesta1722 predicate1782 asseveratea1847 a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 21 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Polycronicon assircteth..that they came to the North of Ireland in Vespasians time. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 15 Nothing is more..unworthy a Natural Philosopher..than to assert any thing to be done without a Cause. 1751 J. Harris Hermes i. ii. 16 To assert [is]..to publish some Perception, either of the Senses or the Intellect. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 15 Would you not at once assert of such a mistress that she knew nothing of her duties? b. with pronominal object standing for a clause. ΚΠ 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 46 Which is all that we assert. 1795 Sewel's Hist. Quakers (ed. 3) I. Pref. 9 I have endeavoured to assert nothing but what I had good authority for. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 636 It is not directly asserted, but it seems to be implied. c. with noun as object. ΚΠ 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 801 Those Imperial Titles which assert Our being ordain'd to govern. View more context for this quotation 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 37 She asserted her innocence in the strongest terms. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. v. §27. 99 Common Sense asserts the existence of a reality. †8. a. To declare or affirm the existence of. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (transitive)] > affirm the existence of assert1656 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 66 He likewise asserteth Faith and Imagination. 1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 264 Justin Martyr asserts a double sense of some prophesies. †b. To bear evidence of, bespeak. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] witne?c1225 witnessa1300 testimonyc1330 record1340 testify1393 depose1529 detest1562 voucher1609 voucha1616 evidence1620 bespeak1674 rap1728 assert1821 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 280/2 Their air and dress asserted the parade. †9. To declare the extent of, to state. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > the extent of assert1675 1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Pref. 4 Some have deviated..in Asserting the Distance. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 178 No size for the heighth of the Puppets can be well asserted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1655v.a1604
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† assertn.

assertv.