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单词 interfere
释义

interferen.

Forms: In 1500s enterfyre.
Etymology: < interfere v.
Obsolete. rare.
The action of interfering: see interfere v. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [noun] > striking one leg against other
interfere?1523
overreaching?1523
interfering1562
overreach1607
speedy cut1692
click1694
clicking1825
forging1843
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxv Enterfyre is a sorance: and cometh of yll shoyng and apereth oft bothe behynde and before, bytwene the fete agaynst the fete lockes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

interferev.

/ɪntərˈfɪə/
Forms: α. 1500s entrefyer, 1500s–1600s enterfere, 1600s enterfear(e, enterfeer, enterfeir(e, enterfaire, enterfare, enterfayr, enterfier, enterfire. β. 1500s interfier, 1500s–1600s interfeir, 1600s interfeer(e, intervere, interfare, interfyre, 1600s– interfere.
Etymology: < Old French s'entreférir to strike each other, < entre- inter- prefix 1a(d) + férir < Latin ferīre to strike; modern French has interférer (from English) in scientific use. The forms in -fare , -fire , -vere , etc. are apparently popular corruptions arising while the word was only known in sense 1 (which is also given by Cotgrave for the Old French word), but the first of these may have been regarded by some as < inter- prefix 1a + fare v.1
1. intransitive. Of a horse: To strike the inside of the fetlock with the shoe or hoof of the opposite foot (= cut v. 27); to knock one leg against another. Said also of the feet. (Rarely of persons.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > strike one leg against other
interfere1530
overreach1590
cut1660
hitch1686
click1713
brush1868
α.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 538/1 My horse entrefyereth all redy, I feare me the jade wyll fayle me, or I come to my journayes ende, mon cheual entretaille desja [etc.].
1562 J. Heywood Sixt Hundred Epigrammes xciii, in Wks. sig. Ddiv My horse to weare greate breeches is now asynde: Why? to kepe him from enterferyng behynde.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 63 If your horse..doth interfaire or hew one leg vpon another.
1635 H. Valentine Foure Sea-serm. 58 The feet of both crosse and enterfeire, and fall foule one with the other.
1684 London Gaz. No. 1929/4 She [a mare] enterfears a little behind.
β. 1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Terere calcem calce, In an horse to interfier [earlier edd. enterfier].1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxviii. 193 If the horse interfering do wound himselfe vpon his hinder feet.1687 London Gaz. No. 2290/4 A black..Colt..intervering behind.1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Shoeing of horses For those Hoofs that Interfere [etc.].1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 726/1 If he ‘interferes’, there is a multiplicity of boots and pads to protect every irritated point.
2.
a. intransitive. Hence, of things generally: To strike against each other; to come into physical collision; to collide or clash, so as to hamper or hinder each other; to get in each other's way, cross each other's path. Now chiefly in Physics, of waves of light, heat, sound, etc.: To exercise reciprocal action so as to increase, diminish, or nullify the natural effect of each (cf. interference n. 2). Also in Broadcasting: to transmit a signal which is received simultaneously with the signal sought; to cause or emit interference (sense 5a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > collide > so as to hinder each other
interfere1609
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [verb (intransitive)] > specific action of waves
interfere1802
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > diffraction > interfere [verb (intransitive)]
interfere1802
society > communication > telecommunication > [verb (intransitive)] > disturb reception by intrusion
interfere1904
jazz1914
society > communication > broadcasting > television > transmitting or receiving apparatus > [verb (intransitive)] > interference
interfere1940
1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Enterfier, to strike one another.
1620 T. Scott High-waies of God (1633) 4 With eyes staring..teeth grating and interfering.
1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 19 The Atoms..being variously moved..must needs knock and interfere.
1802 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 35 The reflection from the depressed point will so interfere with the reflection from the fixed point.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. i. 230 Two systems of sonorous waves can be caused to interfere and..to destroy each other.
1904 in J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. (1907) x. 179 From 11.27 till noon the receiving ship ‘Hancock’..and the experimental station in building §75..interfered continually.
1928 L. S. Palmer Wireless Princ. & Pract. iii. 49 Stations transmitting on the same wavelength but lying in different directions from the receiving station can be prevented from interfering.
1940 L. R. Lohr Television Broadcasting iii. 37 If television images were capable of being received beyond the horizon, the received images..would interfere with the transmissions of other stations.
1960 Which? Apr. 72/2 Does it [sc. the vacuum cleaner] interfere with radio or TV?
b. figurative. Of persons and things: To come into non-physical collision or contact, to clash in opinions, tendencies, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > be in dissension or at variance [verb (intransitive)]
discorda1382
vary?1428
disagree1534
dissent1538
differ1568
result1572
at difference1583
interferea1644
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > be unharmonious or incongruous [verb (intransitive)] > be in opposition or conflict
thwart1519
jar?1541
interferea1644
clash1646
conflict1647
collide1864
a1644 T. Westfield Englands Face (1646) 62 They tell us of divisions among our selves: it is a wonder to see how they interferre, and strike one on another, in the point of worshipping of Images.
1698 S. Clarke Scripture-justif. viii. 36 These two Places would enterfere and contradict one another.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 323 The two republics were not inflamed by any national antipathy, and their interests very little interfered.
1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. v. 189 When public duty and private feeling interfere..then justice calls for punishment.
3. intransitive. To run into each other, cross each other's paths; to intercross, intersect. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > intersect [verb (intransitive)]
interject1605
interfere1647
decussate1713
intersect1849
1647 [implied in: H. More Philos. Poems Notes 390 No enterfaring or cutting of circles as in Tycho's [system], where the course of the Sunne cuts Mars his circuit. (at interfering n. a)].
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 113 Though at first there was a reall difference..in their opinions, yet..afterwards they did so interfere amongst themselves, that it is almost impossible to banke, and bound their severall absurdities.
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iii. xi. 154 The Fibres of the Head do so interfere and cross one another, that [etc.].
1693 J. Clayton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 791 The Heads of the Branches of the Rivers interfere and lock one within another.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 86 'Tis impossible to describe how, the Sound crossing, and interfering, mingled itself, and the several Noises sunk one into another.
4.
a. Of things, actions, etc.: To come into collision or opposition, so as to affect the course of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > exert operative influence [verb (intransitive)] > affect the course of something
interfere1662
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. iii. §5 Where they do not enterfere with the history of Scripture.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lvii. 251 No scruples of conscience to interfere with his morality.
1885 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. vii. 199 It is not the purpose of Revelation to interfere with the course of nature.
b. Of persons: To meddle with; to interpose and take part in something, esp. without having the right to do so; to intermeddle. Also with indirect passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > intervene between [verb (transitive)] > interfere in or meddle with
attame1430
intertrike1513
to dip one's fingers in (a matter)a1601
interfere1633
touch1647
to be (also go) at the ——1898
to screw with ——1973
to dick with ——1979
1633 T. Nash Quaternio 269 Let not the husbandman enterfare with the citizen, nor the citizen with the husbandman.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 117 He frequently interfered with the disputes.
1846 R. W. Dale in Life (1898) ii. 33 Methodists are interfered with in their work.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 352 Cannot you hold your tongue..and no one will interfere with you?
c. Chess. Of a piece: to obstruct the line of action of another piece. (Cf. interference n. 1b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (intransitive)] > obstruct (of a piece)
interfere1913
1913 A. C. White Sam Loyd 303 The White pieces can interfere in all kinds of ways with the Black pieces, and the Black pieces can interfere with each other with varied and beautiful results.
1926 G. Hume & A. C. White Weenink's Chess Probl. 38 It will be noticed that..Re6 in turn interferes with the line of force of the Bg4, shutting off its command of d7 and c8.
1930 A. C. White & G. Hume Valves & Bi-valves 139 The moves of the checking Valve interfere, not..on an actual line of the Black Queen, but on her possible (potential) line of check next move.
1937 T. R. Dawson Caissa's Wild Roses vi. 24/2 One Black piece..interferes on two squares on the line of another piece... Each of two Black pieces..interferes with the other.
d. Const. with: to molest or assault sexually.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > assault sexually
abuse1447
rouze1582
touse1624
tousle1839
molest1902
interfere1948
1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. iii. 17 The former Mayor..who was kicked out of his church for interfering with a youngster in a Sunday School class.
1956 L. McIntosh Oxf. Folly viii. 119 ‘All the girls I used to fall for,’ said Julian, ‘were incredibly beautiful, and as hard as nails. But they tolerated me, because I was much too timid ever to “interfere” with them.’
1968 A. MacLeod Dam v. 51 She had reason to suspect that Sandra had been ‘interfered’ with.
1972 Observer 3 Sept. 33/1 In a few cases, like Byron's, a nanny sexually ‘interfered’ with her charge.
5. To interpose, take part, so as to affect some action; to intervene. Const. in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > interfere or meddle
entermeenec1449
intermit1456
intromit?a1475
intermeddle1477
intromeddle1524
to put (also have) an oar in every man's boat1542
to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542
to have a hand in the dish1551
pudder1624
mird?c1625
to mell or make with1634
potter1655
dabble1660
meddle1711
interfere1743
to bugger about1937
to bugger around1961
1743 R. Pococke Descr. East I. iii. i. 133 A Sheik Arab, who lives here, has really all the power, whenever he pleases to interfere.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. iii. 61 Montoni and the rest of the party interfered and separated them.
1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 291 The Governor of New York by letters to them and otherwise interfered in the business.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 29 Parliament interfered to protect employers against their labourers.
1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) viii. 102 They may interfere in elections by the use of corrupt means to bribe or intimidate the electors.
6. American Football. To interpose between the player with the ball and a would-be tackler so as to help the former. Baseball. To obstruct a runner between two bases; also, to obstruct a catcher or fielder who is trying to take or throw the ball. (Cf. interference n. 1c.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > play American football [verb (intransitive)] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1873
return1884
block1889
goal1900
drive1902
interfere1920
submarine1925
lateral1927
lateral1930
pull1933
to hand off1937
shovel pass1948
bootleg1951
scramble1964
spear1964
blitz1965
convert1970
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (intransitive)] > obstruct
interfere1969
1920 W. Camp Football without Coach 51 The full-back and the right half must interfere for their companion.
1969 Official Baseball Rules 39 The batter..is entitled to first base without liability to be put out..when..the catcher or any fielder interferes with him.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.?1523v.1530
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