insurev.

Brit.

/ɪnˈʃʊə/,

/ɪnˈʃɔː/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈʃʊ(ə)r/

Etymology: Variant of ensure v. (with substitution of in- prefix³ for en- prefix¹), originally used in all the senses of that word; now established in sense 4 (compare ensure v. 7), and fairly common in senses 5, 6

†1. transitive. To make (a person) sure (of a thing); to give security to (a person) for the fulfilment of something: cf. assure v. 9, ensure v. 1, 2 Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] > make someone sure of

insurec1440

secure1597

ascertain1649

cock-sure1685

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 262/2 Insuryn, or make suere, assecuro.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 540 Thus Christ..hath taken the most effectual care to insure the mutual performance of this everlasting Covenant to both Parties..to insure God of our performing our part..and to insure us of Gods performing his part.

†2. To pledge one's credit to (a person), or to the truth of (a statement); to tell (a person) confidently (that something is so); to guarantee: = assure v. 10, ensure v. 3, 4 Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > a person

sicker1297

ensurec1385

behightc1386

promise1469

insurea1500

warranta1529

resolve1567

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do > give one's word to

sicker1297

surec1400

ensure1413

aplighta1450

insurea1500

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 252 Hisself shall not excuse hym, To you I insure it.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cclxxi^v The glas shall shewe the same I the insure.

1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Ci I insure you, I neither wyll nor can cease to speake.

c1560 T. Preston Cambyses in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 220 I insure you he is a king most vile and pernicious.

†3. To engage by a pledge or contract, esp. for or by marriage; to betroth, espouse: = assure v. 4, ensure v. 5. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)]

handfastlOE

spousea1225

spousec1300

truthc1330

sickerc1384

assure1393

ensurea1450

fiancea1450

affya1500

insure1530

affiance1531

promise1548

betroth1566

espouse1581

contract1599

engage1728

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > bind by a promise

conjurec1290

to speak for ——a1300

avow1303

adjurea1425

surec1460

arrest1489

gage1489

insure1530

pledge1571

fiance1592

objure1609

sacrament1621

attest1685

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 592/1 I insuer a man or woman by maryage.

4. Commerce. To secure the payment of a sum of money in the event of loss of or damage to property (esp. by casualty at sea, or by fire, or other accident), or of the death or disablement of a person, in consideration of the payment of a premium and observance of certain conditions; to effect an insurance upon. Said either of the person who pays the premium, or of the office or underwriters who undertake the risk. For the latter many offices and writers prefer assure (now esp. in reference to life insurance). The object of the verb is either

a. the amount secured, or

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)]

insure1635

hedge1672

cover1866

1635 Draft of Petition to King (P.R.O.) in C. Walford Encycl. Insur. III. 439 Authorising your petitioner to ensure all your majesty's subjects whatsoever for soe much of their estates combustible as they themselves shall conceive in danger of Fire, not taking above 12d. per centum yearly for soe much soe insured.

1663 S. Pepys Diary 30 Nov. (1971) IV. 401 As much more insured upon his ship and goods as they were worth.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2322/4 Where all Persons may Insure an Hundred Pound on a Brick House, for Six Shillings for one Year.

1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 214 2l. 13s. 6d. is the premium for insuring 100l. at the end of the year in which a life of 30 fails.

1857 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 557/1 An individual..incurring a risk in behalf of another, or having a large claim upon him in the form of debt, can insure upon the life of that person such a sum as would be sure to cover all loss in the event of..death.

b. the property or life, sometimes the person: see quots.In 17th cent. also ensure v. (sense 7). For usage as to insure and assure see further under insurance n. 4.

ΚΠ

1635 [see sense 4a].

1665 S. Pepys Diary 18 May (1972) VI. 105 Was before the King..discoursing about insuring of some of the King's goods.

1680 London Gaz. No. 1514/4 Samuel Vincent Esq.; and Doctor Nicolas Barbon, and others, have lately made Propositions in Print for Insuring Houses from Fire.

1682 London Gaz. No. 1683/4 The City of London are about to Insure Brick-houses at 48s. and 7d. per Cent.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶3 I hope that he has been wise enough to insure his House.

1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom II. xliv. 64 He had granted his bond, and been at the expence of insuring his life for the money.

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 878 Goods were insured on board a vessel on a voyage from Liverpool to Palermo.

1870 T. R. Sprague in Jrnl. Inst. Actuaries 16 77 The more correct distinction I believe to be that a man insures the life of himself or of some other person, or his house, or his ship [etc.], and that the Office assures to him in each of these cases a sum of money payable in certain contingencies. Hence the Office is called the assurer or assurers, and the man the assured; while we may speak either of the life assured or the life insured, also of the sum assured or the sum insured, according as we take the point of view of the Office or of the individual.

1883 Chambers's Encycl. V. 603/1 In order to insure a life, the insurer must either himself be ‘the life’, or must have a pecuniary interest in the life.

c. absol. or intransitive. To undertake insurance risks; to effect an insurance.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (intransitive)]

insure1680

1651 N. Culpeper Astrol. Judgm. Dis. (1658) 176 When the matter..remains still within the lungs..there's but little security of life: and I am confident never a one of the Colledge keeps an insurance office for such a businesse, nor will ensure thereupon at 50 per cent.]

1680 Argts. for insuring Houses from Fire in Walford Encycl. Insur. III. 446 Neither would a man..be disquieted with the too late advice of his friends, every one blaming, and asking why did he not insure? Or be tormented by his own thoughts with the wish I had insured.

1693 W. Leybourn Panarithmologia in C. Walford Insur. Cycl. I. 487 Suppose you ship £300 of goods for Jamaica..you go to the Assu. Office behind the Royal Exchange in Lond., and there acquaint the clerk you will insure for £200 or £250, or, if you will, the whole £300..upon such ship for so much goods as you have on board.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) This company insures at 3 per cent, or at a low premium.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law v. 29 The tenant's neglect to insure, or his insuring in an office.. not authorised by his lease.

d. (Cf. insurance n. 4e.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > insurance policy operations

underwrite1622

adjust1720

load1867

sub-underwrite1895

claim1897

twist1906

insure1911

write1931

1911 Act 1 & 2 George V c. 55 §1 All persons so insured (in this Act called ‘insured persons’).

5. transitive. To make certain, to secure, to guarantee (some thing, event, etc.): = assure v. 5, 7a, ensure v. 8, 9.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)]

fand1307

firm1530

to make sure1565

secure1601

warranta1616

assure1622

incertain1628

insure1686

sickera1693

ensure1744

seal1810

guarantee1820

ice1908

1686 [see sense 1].

1821 W. Irving Hist. N.-Y. (new Glasgow ed.) vii. x. 369 Such supineness insures [1812 ensures] the very evil from which it shrinks.

1821 M. M. Sherwood George Desmond 19 He had insured for me the situation of a writer on the Bengal establishment.

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 170 Want of care in the points which insure the building's endurance.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) viii. 462 An ardour which could hardly fail to insure success.

6. To make safe, to secure, to guarantee (against, from): = assure v. 1c, ensure v. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > against or from something

secure1596

indemnify1611

indemnize1611

free1613

retain1661

ensure1692

guaranty1732

insure1825

the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > assure (a person) of safety > from something

warrantise?1533

assure1819

insure1825

1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 107 A recurrence to these letters now insures me against errors of memory.

a1864 J. D. Burns Mem. & Rem. (1879) 361 The evidence of trials past does not insure them against trials that may come.

Derivatives

inˈsuring n. (usually in sense 4).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > act of insuring

surance1547

assurance1622

hedginga1631

insuring1647

over-insurance1755

self-insurance1829

insurance1878

under-insurance1893

1647 W. Bridge Saints Hiding-place 17 But there is an Insuring-Office set up in the Gospel, as to the venture of our eternities.

1681 London Gaz. No. 1668/4 The City of London have published their Intentions to Insure Houses from Fire, which may delay some Persons from Insuring.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 83 The Friendly Society of London, for Insuring of Houses.

1815 Zeluca III. 59 She had done with the insuring system.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	insure
释义	insurev. Brit. /ɪnˈʃʊə/, /ɪnˈʃɔː/, U.S. /ᵻnˈʃʊ(ə)r/ Etymology: Variant of ensure v. (with substitution of in- prefix³ for en- prefix¹), originally used in all the senses of that word; now established in sense 4 (compare ensure v. 7), and fairly common in senses 5, 6 †1. transitive. To make (a person) sure (of a thing); to give security to (a person) for the fulfilment of something: cf. assure v. 9, ensure v. 1, 2 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] > make someone sure of insurec1440 secure1597 ascertain1649 cock-sure1685 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 262/2 Insuryn, or make suere, assecuro. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 540 Thus Christ..hath taken the most effectual care to insure the mutual performance of this everlasting Covenant to both Parties..to insure God of our performing our part..and to insure us of Gods performing his part. †2. To pledge one's credit to (a person), or to the truth of (a statement); to tell (a person) confidently (that something is so); to guarantee: = assure v. 10, ensure v. 3, 4 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] > a person sicker1297 ensurec1385 behightc1386 promise1469 insurea1500 warranta1529 resolve1567 the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do > give one's word to sicker1297 surec1400 ensure1413 aplighta1450 insurea1500 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 252 Hisself shall not excuse hym, To you I insure it. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cclxxi^v The glas shall shewe the same I the insure. 1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Ci I insure you, I neither wyll nor can cease to speake. c1560 T. Preston Cambyses in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 220 I insure you he is a king most vile and pernicious. †3. To engage by a pledge or contract, esp. for or by marriage; to betroth, espouse: = assure v. 4, ensure v. 5. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)] handfastlOE spousea1225 spousec1300 truthc1330 sickerc1384 assure1393 ensurea1450 fiancea1450 affya1500 insure1530 affiance1531 promise1548 betroth1566 espouse1581 contract1599 engage1728 the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > bind by a promise conjurec1290 to speak for ——a1300 avow1303 adjurea1425 surec1460 arrest1489 gage1489 insure1530 pledge1571 fiance1592 objure1609 sacrament1621 attest1685 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 592/1 I insuer a man or woman by maryage. 4. Commerce. To secure the payment of a sum of money in the event of loss of or damage to property (esp. by casualty at sea, or by fire, or other accident), or of the death or disablement of a person, in consideration of the payment of a premium and observance of certain conditions; to effect an insurance upon. Said either of the person who pays the premium, or of the office or underwriters who undertake the risk. For the latter many offices and writers prefer assure (now esp. in reference to life insurance). The object of the verb is either a. the amount secured, or ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] insure1635 hedge1672 cover1866 1635 Draft of Petition to King (P.R.O.) in C. Walford Encycl. Insur. III. 439 Authorising your petitioner to ensure all your majesty's subjects whatsoever for soe much of their estates combustible as they themselves shall conceive in danger of Fire, not taking above 12d. per centum yearly for soe much soe insured. 1663 S. Pepys Diary 30 Nov. (1971) IV. 401 As much more insured upon his ship and goods as they were worth. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2322/4 Where all Persons may Insure an Hundred Pound on a Brick House, for Six Shillings for one Year. 1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 214 2l. 13s. 6d. is the premium for insuring 100l. at the end of the year in which a life of 30 fails. 1857 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 557/1 An individual..incurring a risk in behalf of another, or having a large claim upon him in the form of debt, can insure upon the life of that person such a sum as would be sure to cover all loss in the event of..death. b. the property or life, sometimes the person: see quots.In 17th cent. also ensure v. (sense 7). For usage as to insure and assure see further under insurance n. 4. ΚΠ 1635 [see sense 4a]. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 18 May (1972) VI. 105 Was before the King..discoursing about insuring of some of the King's goods. 1680 London Gaz. No. 1514/4 Samuel Vincent Esq.; and Doctor Nicolas Barbon, and others, have lately made Propositions in Print for Insuring Houses from Fire. 1682 London Gaz. No. 1683/4 The City of London are about to Insure Brick-houses at 48s. and 7d. per Cent. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶3 I hope that he has been wise enough to insure his House. 1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom II. xliv. 64 He had granted his bond, and been at the expence of insuring his life for the money. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 878 Goods were insured on board a vessel on a voyage from Liverpool to Palermo. 1870 T. R. Sprague in Jrnl. Inst. Actuaries 16 77 The more correct distinction I believe to be that a man insures the life of himself or of some other person, or his house, or his ship [etc.], and that the Office assures to him in each of these cases a sum of money payable in certain contingencies. Hence the Office is called the assurer or assurers, and the man the assured; while we may speak either of the life assured or the life insured, also of the sum assured or the sum insured, according as we take the point of view of the Office or of the individual. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. V. 603/1 In order to insure a life, the insurer must either himself be ‘the life’, or must have a pecuniary interest in the life. c. absol. or intransitive. To undertake insurance risks; to effect an insurance. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (intransitive)] insure1680 1651 N. Culpeper Astrol. Judgm. Dis. (1658) 176 When the matter..remains still within the lungs..there's but little security of life: and I am confident never a one of the Colledge keeps an insurance office for such a businesse, nor will ensure thereupon at 50 per cent.] 1680 Argts. for insuring Houses from Fire in Walford Encycl. Insur. III. 446 Neither would a man..be disquieted with the too late advice of his friends, every one blaming, and asking why did he not insure? Or be tormented by his own thoughts with the wish I had insured. 1693 W. Leybourn Panarithmologia in C. Walford Insur. Cycl. I. 487 Suppose you ship £300 of goods for Jamaica..you go to the Assu. Office behind the Royal Exchange in Lond., and there acquaint the clerk you will insure for £200 or £250, or, if you will, the whole £300..upon such ship for so much goods as you have on board. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) This company insures at 3 per cent, or at a low premium. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law v. 29 The tenant's neglect to insure, or his insuring in an office.. not authorised by his lease. d. (Cf. insurance n. 4e.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (transitive)] > insurance policy operations underwrite1622 adjust1720 load1867 sub-underwrite1895 claim1897 twist1906 insure1911 write1931 1911 Act 1 & 2 George V c. 55 §1 All persons so insured (in this Act called ‘insured persons’). 5. transitive. To make certain, to secure, to guarantee (some thing, event, etc.): = assure v. 5, 7a, ensure v. 8, 9. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > certain prospect or possession > make sure, secure [verb (transitive)] fand1307 firm1530 to make sure1565 secure1601 warranta1616 assure1622 incertain1628 insure1686 sickera1693 ensure1744 seal1810 guarantee1820 ice1908 1686 [see sense 1]. 1821 W. Irving Hist. N.-Y. (new Glasgow ed.) vii. x. 369 Such supineness insures [1812 ensures] the very evil from which it shrinks. 1821 M. M. Sherwood George Desmond 19 He had insured for me the situation of a writer on the Bengal establishment. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 170 Want of care in the points which insure the building's endurance. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) viii. 462 An ardour which could hardly fail to insure success. 6. To make safe, to secure, to guarantee (against, from): = assure v. 1c, ensure v. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > against or from something secure1596 indemnify1611 indemnize1611 free1613 retain1661 ensure1692 guaranty1732 insure1825 the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > assure (a person) of safety > from something warrantise?1533 assure1819 insure1825 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 107 A recurrence to these letters now insures me against errors of memory. a1864 J. D. Burns Mem. & Rem. (1879) 361 The evidence of trials past does not insure them against trials that may come. Derivatives inˈsuring n. (usually in sense 4). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > act of insuring surance1547 assurance1622 hedginga1631 insuring1647 over-insurance1755 self-insurance1829 insurance1878 under-insurance1893 1647 W. Bridge Saints Hiding-place 17 But there is an Insuring-Office set up in the Gospel, as to the venture of our eternities. 1681 London Gaz. No. 1668/4 The City of London have published their Intentions to Insure Houses from Fire, which may delay some Persons from Insuring. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 83 The Friendly Society of London, for Insuring of Houses. 1815 Zeluca III. 59 She had done with the insuring system. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1440
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