abridgev.

Brit.

/əˈbrɪdʒ/, U.S.

/əˈbrɪdʒ/

Forms: Middle English abbrege, Middle English abbregge, Middle English abbrige, Middle English abbrigge, Middle English abregge, Middle English abrige, Middle English abrigge, Middle English abryge, Middle English–1500s abrege, Middle English–1500s abrydge, late Middle English obrege, late Middle English obregge, late Middle English obrygge, 1500s abbredge, 1500s abredge, 1500s abridg, 1500s–1600s abbridge, 1500s– abridge; Scottish pre-1700 abbrege, pre-1700 abbryge, pre-1700 abreage, pre-1700 abredge, pre-1700 abrege, pre-1700 abrek (transmission error), pre-1700 1700s– abridge.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abreger.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abbregger, abbrigger, abregger, abriger, abrigger, abrigier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French abbreger, abreger, abregier (French abréger , †abbreger ) to shorten the duration of (a period of time) (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as abrejer ), to reduce (something) in magnitude or extent (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to shorten, condense, summarize (a text or speech), to edit (a text) into a shorter form (second quarter of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman; compare the related, intransitive use in sense ‘to express oneself concisely’ (12th cent. in Old French)), to curtail, lessen, or diminish (a right or privilege, etc.) (1283, originally with reference to reducing the number of feudal services attached to a fief), in Anglo-Norman also (of a plaintiff) to omit certain parts from (a writ, claim, etc.), reducing the total redress demanded without invalidating the plaint as a whole (early 14th cent. or earlier) < post-classical Latin abbreviare (see abbreviate adj.). Sense 6 apparently shows a semantic development within English that is unparalleled in French or Latin. Compare later abbreviate v. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry.

1. transitive. To reduce in magnitude or extent; to make (a physical object) shorter or smaller. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > make short(er) [verb (transitive)] > (as if) by cutting

crop?c1225

dockc1380

cutc1385

trunk?1440

coll1483

scut1530

to cut, trim, etc. short1545

prune1565

bobtail1577

curtail1580

lop1594

decurtate1599

imp1657

truncate1727

abridge1750

bob1822

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xli. 1 Ther is not abreggid [L. non est abbreviata] the hond of the Lord, that sauen he mai not, ne agreggid is his ere, that he ful out here not.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 2087 (MED) Theodosivs list nothyng abregge To shorte the yerde of his correccioun.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 190 (MED) If thou woldest abbrigge thi wey and shorte it.

1454 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Cleo. F.v) (1790) *16 (MED) Soo greet a nombre of people..must be abregged and reduced to a resonnable..felisship.

1526 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 227 Item, that the Pye of Coales be abridged to the one halfe that theretofore had been served.

1585 R. Greene Oration Buriall Gregorie XIII 6 The multitude of his great vertues doe seeme to abridge my labour in seeking some argument whereupon to ground his praises.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxi. 85 She retired her self to Sebaste, and abridged her train from State to necessity.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall ii. 19 Vulgar Chronology will have Norwich Castle as old as Julius Cæsar; but his distance from these parts, and its Gothick form of structure, abridgeth such Antiquity.

1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata xii. 219 Many words are known to have been abridg'd and shortned, and yet made use of to express the full extent of their determin'd Meaning.

1750 T. Smollett Roderick Random (ed. 3) I. xxv. 203 Spoons..two of which were curtailed in the handles, and the other abridged in the lip.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. vi. 157 Sir Mungo..laid on his hilt his hand, or rather his claw, (for Sir Rullion's broadsword had abridged it into that form).

1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. vi. 212 In considering the sufficiency of the range of the curve of stability for any vessel, it is desirable to regard it as abridged by this 8 or 10 degrees, in order to allow for the wave slope.

1895 H. Morley & W. H. Griffin Eng. Writers XI. 70 Skalliger advises that Leir's allowance should be abridged by half.

2004 K. Kapovich Gogol in Rome 50 The view in their windows..improved greatly, their wages doubled, and their beards were abridged by four inches.

a. transitive. To shorten (a text, speech, etc.) whilst retaining the sense and substance; to edit into a shorter form, esp. by omitting the less important passages; to condense; to make a précis or summary of.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)]

abrevya1325

comprehendc1369

abridgec1384

shorta1390

suma1398

abbreviate?a1475

shorten1530

to cut short?1542

curtail1553

to knit up1553

to wind up1583

clip1598

epitomize1599

brief1601

contract1604

to shut up1622

decurt1631

to sum up1642

breviate1663

curtilate1665

compendize1693

epitomate1702

to gather up1782

summarize1808

scissor1829

précis1856

to cut down1857

to boil down1880

synopsize1882

essence1888

résumé1888

short copy1891

bovrilize1900

pot1927

summate1951

capsulize1958

profile1970

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. ii. 24 We temptiden or assayeden for to abregge [L. breviare] in to oo boke thingus comprehendid of Jason of Cyrenen in fyue bookis.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 413 He wolde his longe tale abregge.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 67^v (MED) Þese bookes of werre craft..ben breueliche y-gedered oþer schortliche abreged out of auctors apreued.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. 1427 Iustyne..Abbregit al þa gret storys..in to les [tretys].

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxv. f. lii^v I passe ouer in abrydgynge, and shortynge somedeale of this Storye.

1565 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc v. i. sig. D.vi^v This speache that hath ben saide Hath wel abridged the tale I would haue tolde.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 5 Efnard (is reported) to haue abridged the French Psalter.

1662 J. Graunt Nat. & Polit. Observ. Bills Mortality Ep. Ded. sig. A2 To have reduced several great confused Volumes into a few perspicuous Tables, and abridged such Observations as naturally flowed from them, into a few succinct Paragraphs.

1746 J. Wesley Princ. Methodist farther Explain'd 5 If indeed it were so abridged as to alter the Sense, this would be unfair.

1781 R. Hill Blessings of Polygamy 39 Having been led away by the specious reasonings of Thelyphthora, [he] seriously meditated a design of abridging the book to give away among the poor.

1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iii. 201 The treatise was..abridged, extracted, and even turned into verse.

1879 M. Arnold Guide Eng. Lit. in Mixed Ess. 199 A little condensation..would abridge it by another page.

1936 J. Agate Diary 18 Dec. in Selective Ego (1976) 52 I have often felt that I should like to abridge Dickens (deleting the sticky passages).

1964 Slavic & East European Jrnl. 8 424 Frequently Mr. MacAndrew abridges (or alters) Gogol's series or catalogues, particularly those which contain proper names.

1995 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 17/7 It is legitimate to abridge a classic, so long as it is done with tact and sympathy.

†b. transitive. Law. Of a plaintiff: to omit certain parts from (a writ, claim, etc.), reducing the total redress demanded without invalidating the grievance as a whole. Cf. abridgement n. 3. Obsolete.Now merged in sense 2a.

ΚΠ

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A4 The playntyf or demaundant may abrege his playnt or demaund to that percel and shall pray that the tenaunt shall answer to the remenant.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. A3 Abridge..in the common lawe it seemeth..to be more particularly vsed for making a declaration or count shorter by subtracting or seuering some of the substance therein comprised.

1704 Exact Abridgm. All Statutes 30 The Plaintiff in Assise may abridge his Plaint of any part whereunto a Bar is pleaded, without prejudice to the residue.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. I. sig. B4^v Abridge, to make shorter in words, so as to retain the sense and substance. And in the common law it signifies particularly the making a declaration or count shorter, by severing some of the substance from it: a man is said to abridge his plaint in assize, and a woman her demand in action of dower.

c. transitive. To produce (a text) by shortening from (or †out of) a larger work. Formerly also: †to quote or recount in condensed form (from another source) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] > produce (abridgement) from (larger work)

abridge1576

1576 (title) A morale methode of ciuile policie. Contayninge a learned and fruictful discourse... Abridged oute of the Commentaries of the Reuerende and famous clerke, Franciscus Patricius.

1630 E. Cary tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King iii. xi. 370 Socrates in the beginning of this historie saith, that he hath abridged it from the collection of Sabinus.

1637 H. Spelman Let. 4 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 153 His declaration of the VII. Orders of the Church is abridged out of St. Jerome's Tract thereof.

1707 (title) The ecclesiastical histories of Socrates, Sozomen, & Theodorit, faithfully abridg'd from the originals.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. Pref. 19 Some things will be found..abridged from other works.

1787 J. Martin Imposture Detected (ed. 2) 27 I hope I may be excused..for abridging Dr. Tissot's account of the sources of such deception.

1810 (title) A vocabulary Persian, Arabic and English abridged from the quarto edition of Richardson's dictionary as edited by Charles Wilkins.

1849 F. W. Thomas Sketches of Char. 86 Mr. M'Clung does not give the account of Kenton's adventures as narrated to himself, by him, but as abridged from a MS. account, given by the venerable Pioneer himself.

1927 E. P. A. Law (title) The new authorised historical catalogue of the pictures, tapestries and furniture in the King's collection at Hampton Court; abridged from the author's larger works.

1959 Amer. Anthropologist 61 144 There is also a brief discussion of whaling, but most of it is devoted to the art of scrimshawing (abridged from an article in The American Neptune).

2001 Jrnl. Palestine Stud. 30 75 The text that follows was edited and abridged from the much longer version with the approval of the author.

3. transitive. To cut short or reduce (a period of time, as the duration of something); to shorten the duration of; to end (something) earlier than expected or planned. Cf. abbreviate v. 2.In quot. c1384: (apparently) to set a limit of (a length of time).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > short duration [verb (transitive)] > shorten

shortc1175

laska1375

abridgec1384

breviatea1529

strait1571

scantelize1611

curta1618

shortena1641

decontract1647

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ix. 24 Seuenty weekis ben abreggid [L. abbreviatae] on thi peple.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2135 Al mowe they yet tho dayes abregge.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 4571 (MED) Þan sal God abrege his [sc. the Antichrist's] days..his tyme God abrege sal þan.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1517 Ȝef he be sory for hys synne..Abregge hys penaunce þen by myche.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. sig. N.iv^v He shall for the loue of his electes..abredge those daies.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 85^v A Ram..Was thither..drawne... The Medicine..seard his dossers from his pate, And with his hornes abridgde his yeares.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 244 Besides, thy staying will abridge thy life.

1697 God's Judgments against Whoring 310 At the end of a certain time they were allow'd to pray with the Congregation... The space of time was often abridg'd by the Clergy.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xciv. 8 The bridegroom..abridged the visit.

1776 R. Twiss Tour Ireland 158 Three months might..suffice for visiting the best parts of Ireland, and that time may be abridged one third, if the traveller prefers riding on horseback to travelling in a carriage.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xxiii. 316 The ceremony of introduction had been gone through, much abridged by the..excellent breeding of Lady Emily.

1845 N. P. Willis Dashes at Life with Free Pencil iv. 80 As a stranger paying a visit, you choose the time most convenient to yourself, and abridge the call at pleasure.

1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. (1875) i. 16 An increased income-tax obliges you to abridge your autumn holiday.

1929 R. Bridges Test. Beauty ii. 47 Life-time must also itself be in due proportion abridged.

1952 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 57 351/2 To attempt to abridge that vast span of time for presentation in this paper would be to produce a ludicrous image.

1992 L. Feldman Child Protection Law (BNC) 62 In these circumstances, the court has the power to abridge the time for service.

4. transitive. To curtail, lessen, or diminish (a right, privilege, etc.); to reduce the extent or scope of (authority, power, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail

wanea889

dockc1380

bridgec1384

abridgea1393

limita1398

syncopec1412

defalk1475

shortena1535

to cut short?1542

royn1573

retrench1587

curtail1589

retranch1589

lop1594

scantle1596

scant1599

scantelize1611

curtalize1622

defalce1651

detrench1655

barb1657

defalcatea1690

razee1815

detruncate1846

to cut down1857

shave1898

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1990 (MED) Largesse it is, whos privilegge Ther mai non Avarice abregge.

?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 18 (MED) God schal refreyne & abregge þe powere of his malice.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 679 (MED) [They] Gretli abreggid his dominacioun.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. C.lxiij Wherfore to abbridge his power, and to minishe his aucthoritie, thei determined to bryng hym, into the hatred of the people, and into the disdain of the nobilitie.

1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1356/2 His former feare shall no whit abridge his rewarde.

1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. §466 A Release is an instrument, whereby estates, rightes, titles, entries, actions, and other things be sometimes extinguished, sometimes transferred, sometimes abridged, and sometimes inlarged.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 138 The naturall Liberty of man may by the Civill Law be abridged.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 125 The Person who has the Power..to act, or not to act according to such preference, is nevertheless free, such determination abridges not that Power.

1709 A. Pope Chaucer's January & May in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 207 He watch'd her Night and Day, Abridg'd her Pleasures, and confin'd her Sway.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. viii. 178 A tribunal whose authority he had himself attempted to abridge.

1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. viii. 175 My liberty was unnecessarily abridged.

1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xvi. 207 The Apostle Paul counsels these men to abridge their Christian liberty.

1894 Catholic World Feb. 707 If any such body of religionists should venture to seek the aid of the state in their desire to hinder or to abridge the rights of any other denomination, [etc.].

1939 Virginia Law Rev. 25 508 The proceeding was instituted..to enjoin collection of the tax, on the ground that the state statute imposing it abridged the freedom of the press.

1991 A. M. Dershowitz Chutzpah vi. 192 For several years following the JDL murder case..Kahane would call me whenever his free speech rights were abridged.

5. transitive. To deprive (a person) of; to debar or prevent from. Also occasionally with in. Now rare.In quot. a1400 in positive sense: to free of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)

benimc890

to do of ——eOE

bedealc1000

disturbc1230

bereavec1275

reave?a1300

acquitc1300

benemec1300

deprivec1330

privea1382

subvertc1384

oppressc1395

abridgea1400

to bate of, from1399

lessa1400

nakena1400

dischargea1425

privatec1425

to bring outa1450

abatec1450

sever?1507

spulyie?1507

denude1513

disable1529

distrain1530

destituec1540

destitutec1540

defalk1541

to turn out of ——1545

discomfit1548

wipe1549

nude1551

disannul?a1556

bereft1557

diminish1559

benoom1563

joint1573

uncase1583

rid1585

disarm1590

visitc1592

ease1600

dispatch1604

unfurnisha1616

rig1629

retrench1640

unbecomea1641

disentail1641

cashier1690

twin1722

mulct1748

fordo1764

to do out of ——1796

to cut out1815

bate1823

deprivate1832

devoid1878

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person)

forbarc1330

shutc1400

debarc1430

repel1480

abara1504

abridge1523

seclude?1531

bar1551

fence1589

bebar1650

limit1722

to shut out1819

stop-list1949

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11948 (MED) Body and soule moche ys alegged, whan of synne þou art abregged.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng iv. f. 4 It were agayne reason to a bridge a man of his owne right.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries vii. f. lxxxix That the bishop haue authoritie not only to teache, but also to gouerne the common wealth, & therfore ought not to be abridged of their ryght and priuilege, whiche they haue obteyned through the liberalitie of their elders.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 126 Nor doe I now make mone to be abridg'd From such a noble rate.

a1640 W. Fenner Pract. Divinitie (1647) 98 A Bird being at libertie keeps no stir, but being in a cage, it flutters about, because it is abridged of its libertie.

1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 30 Much tied and abridged in his freedom.

1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 154 It can never be reasonable to abridge any Part of Mankind of this their natural Right.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 154 The legislative therefore cannot abridge the executive power of any rights which it now has by law, without it's own consent.

1786 A. Murphy News from Parnassus in Wks. IV. 412 The town has been abridged of many privileges.

1839 H. Rogers Ess. II. iii. 147 The language, abridged of its native power, needed this transfusion of fresh blood.

1896 Overland Monthly Dec. 688/2 Whether there is any reason shown why the next of kin of petitioner are abridged of their rights.

1959 N. Sykes From Sheldon to Secker i. 2 The Protestant Dissenters had been..abridged of their newly-won indulgence by the Occasional Conformity and Schism Acts of the reign of Anne.

†6. transitive (a) To prevent (harm, etc.). Obsolete. rare. (b) To frustrate, thwart (a purpose). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 633 (MED) Alle myscheffes ffrom hym to abrigge With the grace off God.

1605 Play of Stucley (1878) 186 But 'tis not thou, nor any power but his..That can abridge my purpose.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abridge
释义	abridgen. Brit. /əˈbrɪdʒ/, U.S. /əˈbrɪdʒ/ Forms: 1600s abrege (Scottish), 1600s abridge. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: abridge v. Etymology: < abridge v. Compare earlier abridgement n., abridging n. rare. †1. Abridgement, shortening. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > curtailment wanec1315 abridginga1382 shortinga1390 abridgement1439 defalcation1476 shorteninga1542 retrenchmentc1600 abridge1611 amputation1664 castration1728 curtail1797 curtailment1799 clipping1839 1611 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 159 To deduce the abrege of his lyfe to the owne right ordour. 2. An abridged version, an abridgement; †an epitome (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] abbreviationa1464 summary1509 breve1523 bridgement1523 abbreviate1531 summulary1533 breviary1547 extract1549 digest1555 brief1563 promptuary1577 abbreviature1578 institute1578 breviation1580 breviate1581 compendiary1589 symbol1594 ramass1596 compendium1608 abridgement1609 digestment1610 digestion1613 epitome1623 abridge1634 comprisal1640 comprisurea1641 syntome1641 medulla1644 multum in parvo1653 contracta1657 landscape1656 comprehension1659 sylloge1686 contraction1697 résumé1782 compend1796 sum-up1848 roundup1884 wrap-up1960 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 2 Great Brittaine..containes the summe and abridge of all sorts of Excellencies. 1909 Bookman Mar. 6/2 Imagine an abridge of Forster's Life of Charles Dickens which should exclude everything that did not directly pertain to Dickens himself. 2000 Re: Melbourne—Good Tram Book? in aus.rail (Usenet newsgroup) 29 May It's a city-by-city treatise with a short, yet not terse abridge of the history of each city's tram system. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). abridgev. Brit. /əˈbrɪdʒ/, U.S. /əˈbrɪdʒ/ Forms: Middle English abbrege, Middle English abbregge, Middle English abbrige, Middle English abbrigge, Middle English abregge, Middle English abrige, Middle English abrigge, Middle English abryge, Middle English–1500s abrege, Middle English–1500s abrydge, late Middle English obrege, late Middle English obregge, late Middle English obrygge, 1500s abbredge, 1500s abredge, 1500s abridg, 1500s–1600s abbridge, 1500s– abridge; Scottish pre-1700 abbrege, pre-1700 abbryge, pre-1700 abreage, pre-1700 abredge, pre-1700 abrege, pre-1700 abrek (transmission error), pre-1700 1700s– abridge. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abreger. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abbregger, abbrigger, abregger, abriger, abrigger, abrigier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French abbreger, abreger, abregier (French abréger , †abbreger ) to shorten the duration of (a period of time) (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as abrejer ), to reduce (something) in magnitude or extent (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to shorten, condense, summarize (a text or speech), to edit (a text) into a shorter form (second quarter of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman; compare the related, intransitive use in sense ‘to express oneself concisely’ (12th cent. in Old French)), to curtail, lessen, or diminish (a right or privilege, etc.) (1283, originally with reference to reducing the number of feudal services attached to a fief), in Anglo-Norman also (of a plaintiff) to omit certain parts from (a writ, claim, etc.), reducing the total redress demanded without invalidating the plaint as a whole (early 14th cent. or earlier) < post-classical Latin abbreviare (see abbreviate adj.). Sense 6 apparently shows a semantic development within English that is unparalleled in French or Latin. Compare later abbreviate v. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry. 1. transitive. To reduce in magnitude or extent; to make (a physical object) shorter or smaller. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > make short(er) [verb (transitive)] > (as if) by cutting crop?c1225 dockc1380 cutc1385 trunk?1440 coll1483 scut1530 to cut, trim, etc. short1545 prune1565 bobtail1577 curtail1580 lop1594 decurtate1599 imp1657 truncate1727 abridge1750 bob1822 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xli. 1 Ther is not abreggid [L. non est abbreviata] the hond of the Lord, that sauen he mai not, ne agreggid is his ere, that he ful out here not. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 2087 (MED) Theodosivs list nothyng abregge To shorte the yerde of his correccioun. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 190 (MED) If thou woldest abbrigge thi wey and shorte it. 1454 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Cleo. F.v) (1790) 16 (MED) Soo greet a nombre of people..must be abregged and reduced to a resonnable..felisship. 1526 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ.* (1790) 227 Item, that the Pye of Coales be abridged to the one halfe that theretofore had been served. 1585 R. Greene Oration Buriall Gregorie XIII 6 The multitude of his great vertues doe seeme to abridge my labour in seeking some argument whereupon to ground his praises. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxi. 85 She retired her self to Sebaste, and abridged her train from State to necessity. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall ii. 19 Vulgar Chronology will have Norwich Castle as old as Julius Cæsar; but his distance from these parts, and its Gothick form of structure, abridgeth such Antiquity. 1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata xii. 219 Many words are known to have been abridg'd and shortned, and yet made use of to express the full extent of their determin'd Meaning. 1750 T. Smollett Roderick Random (ed. 3) I. xxv. 203 Spoons..two of which were curtailed in the handles, and the other abridged in the lip. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. vi. 157 Sir Mungo..laid on his hilt his hand, or rather his claw, (for Sir Rullion's broadsword had abridged it into that form). 1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. vi. 212 In considering the sufficiency of the range of the curve of stability for any vessel, it is desirable to regard it as abridged by this 8 or 10 degrees, in order to allow for the wave slope. 1895 H. Morley & W. H. Griffin Eng. Writers XI. 70 Skalliger advises that Leir's allowance should be abridged by half. 2004 K. Kapovich Gogol in Rome 50 The view in their windows..improved greatly, their wages doubled, and their beards were abridged by four inches. 2. a. transitive. To shorten (a text, speech, etc.) whilst retaining the sense and substance; to edit into a shorter form, esp. by omitting the less important passages; to condense; to make a précis or summary of. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] abrevya1325 comprehendc1369 abridgec1384 shorta1390 suma1398 abbreviate?a1475 shorten1530 to cut short?1542 curtail1553 to knit up1553 to wind up1583 clip1598 epitomize1599 brief1601 contract1604 to shut up1622 decurt1631 to sum up1642 breviate1663 curtilate1665 compendize1693 epitomate1702 to gather up1782 summarize1808 scissor1829 précis1856 to cut down1857 to boil down1880 synopsize1882 essence1888 résumé1888 short copy1891 bovrilize1900 pot1927 summate1951 capsulize1958 profile1970 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. ii. 24 We temptiden or assayeden for to abregge [L. breviare] in to oo boke thingus comprehendid of Jason of Cyrenen in fyue bookis. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 413 He wolde his longe tale abregge. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 67^v (MED) Þese bookes of werre craft..ben breueliche y-gedered oþer schortliche abreged out of auctors apreued. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. 1427 Iustyne..Abbregit al þa gret storys..in to les [tretys]. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxv. f. lii^v I passe ouer in abrydgynge, and shortynge somedeale of this Storye. 1565 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc v. i. sig. D.vi^v This speache that hath ben saide Hath wel abridged the tale I would haue tolde. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 5 Efnard (is reported) to haue abridged the French Psalter. 1662 J. Graunt Nat. & Polit. Observ. Bills Mortality Ep. Ded. sig. A2 To have reduced several great confused Volumes into a few perspicuous Tables, and abridged such Observations as naturally flowed from them, into a few succinct Paragraphs. 1746 J. Wesley Princ. Methodist farther Explain'd 5 If indeed it were so abridged as to alter the Sense, this would be unfair. 1781 R. Hill Blessings of Polygamy 39 Having been led away by the specious reasonings of Thelyphthora, [he] seriously meditated a design of abridging the book to give away among the poor. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iii. 201 The treatise was..abridged, extracted, and even turned into verse. 1879 M. Arnold Guide Eng. Lit. in Mixed Ess. 199 A little condensation..would abridge it by another page. 1936 J. Agate Diary 18 Dec. in Selective Ego (1976) 52 I have often felt that I should like to abridge Dickens (deleting the sticky passages). 1964 Slavic & East European Jrnl. 8 424 Frequently Mr. MacAndrew abridges (or alters) Gogol's series or catalogues, particularly those which contain proper names. 1995 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 17/7 It is legitimate to abridge a classic, so long as it is done with tact and sympathy. †b. transitive. Law. Of a plaintiff: to omit certain parts from (a writ, claim, etc.), reducing the total redress demanded without invalidating the grievance as a whole. Cf. abridgement n. 3. Obsolete.Now merged in sense 2a. ΚΠ c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A4 The playntyf or demaundant may abrege his playnt or demaund to that percel and shall pray that the tenaunt shall answer to the remenant. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. A3 Abridge..in the common lawe it seemeth..to be more particularly vsed for making a declaration or count shorter by subtracting or seuering some of the substance therein comprised. 1704 Exact Abridgm. All Statutes 30 The Plaintiff in Assise may abridge his Plaint of any part whereunto a Bar is pleaded, without prejudice to the residue. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. I. sig. B4^v Abridge, to make shorter in words, so as to retain the sense and substance. And in the common law it signifies particularly the making a declaration or count shorter, by severing some of the substance from it: a man is said to abridge his plaint in assize, and a woman her demand in action of dower. c. transitive. To produce (a text) by shortening from (or †out of) a larger work. Formerly also: †to quote or recount in condensed form (from another source) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] > produce (abridgement) from (larger work) abridge1576 1576 (title) A morale methode of ciuile policie. Contayninge a learned and fruictful discourse... Abridged oute of the Commentaries of the Reuerende and famous clerke, Franciscus Patricius. 1630 E. Cary tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King iii. xi. 370 Socrates in the beginning of this historie saith, that he hath abridged it from the collection of Sabinus. 1637 H. Spelman Let. 4 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 153 His declaration of the VII. Orders of the Church is abridged out of St. Jerome's Tract thereof. 1707 (title) The ecclesiastical histories of Socrates, Sozomen, & Theodorit, faithfully abridg'd from the originals. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. Pref. 19 Some things will be found..abridged from other works. 1787 J. Martin Imposture Detected (ed. 2) 27 I hope I may be excused..for abridging Dr. Tissot's account of the sources of such deception. 1810 (title) A vocabulary Persian, Arabic and English abridged from the quarto edition of Richardson's dictionary as edited by Charles Wilkins. 1849 F. W. Thomas Sketches of Char. 86 Mr. M'Clung does not give the account of Kenton's adventures as narrated to himself, by him, but as abridged from a MS. account, given by the venerable Pioneer himself. 1927 E. P. A. Law (title) The new authorised historical catalogue of the pictures, tapestries and furniture in the King's collection at Hampton Court; abridged from the author's larger works. 1959 Amer. Anthropologist 61 144 There is also a brief discussion of whaling, but most of it is devoted to the art of scrimshawing (abridged from an article in The American Neptune). 2001 Jrnl. Palestine Stud. 30 75 The text that follows was edited and abridged from the much longer version with the approval of the author. 3. transitive. To cut short or reduce (a period of time, as the duration of something); to shorten the duration of; to end (something) earlier than expected or planned. Cf. abbreviate v. 2.In quot. c1384: (apparently) to set a limit of (a length of time). ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > short duration [verb (transitive)] > shorten shortc1175 laska1375 abridgec1384 breviatea1529 strait1571 scantelize1611 curta1618 shortena1641 decontract1647 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ix. 24 Seuenty weekis ben abreggid [L. abbreviatae] on thi peple. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2135 Al mowe they yet tho dayes abregge. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 4571 (MED) Þan sal God abrege his [sc. the Antichrist's] days..his tyme God abrege sal þan. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1517 Ȝef he be sory for hys synne..Abregge hys penaunce þen by myche. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. sig. N.iv^v He shall for the loue of his electes..abredge those daies. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 85^v A Ram..Was thither..drawne... The Medicine..seard his dossers from his pate, And with his hornes abridgde his yeares. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 244 Besides, thy staying will abridge thy life. View more context for this quotation 1697 God's Judgments against Whoring 310 At the end of a certain time they were allow'd to pray with the Congregation... The space of time was often abridg'd by the Clergy. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xciv. 8 The bridegroom..abridged the visit. 1776 R. Twiss Tour Ireland 158 Three months might..suffice for visiting the best parts of Ireland, and that time may be abridged one third, if the traveller prefers riding on horseback to travelling in a carriage. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xxiii. 316 The ceremony of introduction had been gone through, much abridged by the..excellent breeding of Lady Emily. View more context for this quotation 1845 N. P. Willis Dashes at Life with Free Pencil iv. 80 As a stranger paying a visit, you choose the time most convenient to yourself, and abridge the call at pleasure. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. (1875) i. 16 An increased income-tax obliges you to abridge your autumn holiday. 1929 R. Bridges Test. Beauty ii. 47 Life-time must also itself be in due proportion abridged. 1952 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 57 351/2 To attempt to abridge that vast span of time for presentation in this paper would be to produce a ludicrous image. 1992 L. Feldman Child Protection Law (BNC) 62 In these circumstances, the court has the power to abridge the time for service. 4. transitive. To curtail, lessen, or diminish (a right, privilege, etc.); to reduce the extent or scope of (authority, power, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail wanea889 dockc1380 bridgec1384 abridgea1393 limita1398 syncopec1412 defalk1475 shortena1535 to cut short?1542 royn1573 retrench1587 curtail1589 retranch1589 lop1594 scantle1596 scant1599 scantelize1611 curtalize1622 defalce1651 detrench1655 barb1657 defalcatea1690 razee1815 detruncate1846 to cut down1857 shave1898 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1990 (MED) Largesse it is, whos privilegge Ther mai non Avarice abregge. ?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 18 (MED) God schal refreyne & abregge þe powere of his malice. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 679 (MED) [They] Gretli abreggid his dominacioun. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. C.lxiij Wherfore to abbridge his power, and to minishe his aucthoritie, thei determined to bryng hym, into the hatred of the people, and into the disdain of the nobilitie. 1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1356/2 His former feare shall no whit abridge his rewarde. 1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. §466 A Release is an instrument, whereby estates, rightes, titles, entries, actions, and other things be sometimes extinguished, sometimes transferred, sometimes abridged, and sometimes inlarged. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 138 The naturall Liberty of man may by the Civill Law be abridged. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 125 The Person who has the Power..to act, or not to act according to such preference, is nevertheless free, such determination abridges not that Power. 1709 A. Pope Chaucer's January & May in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 207 He watch'd her Night and Day, Abridg'd her Pleasures, and confin'd her Sway. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. viii. 178 A tribunal whose authority he had himself attempted to abridge. 1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. viii. 175 My liberty was unnecessarily abridged. 1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xvi. 207 The Apostle Paul counsels these men to abridge their Christian liberty. 1894 Catholic World Feb. 707 If any such body of religionists should venture to seek the aid of the state in their desire to hinder or to abridge the rights of any other denomination, [etc.]. 1939 Virginia Law Rev. 25 508 The proceeding was instituted..to enjoin collection of the tax, on the ground that the state statute imposing it abridged the freedom of the press. 1991 A. M. Dershowitz Chutzpah vi. 192 For several years following the JDL murder case..Kahane would call me whenever his free speech rights were abridged. 5. transitive. To deprive (a person) of; to debar or prevent from. Also occasionally with in. Now rare.In quot. a1400 in positive sense: to free of. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) benimc890 to do of ——eOE bedealc1000 disturbc1230 bereavec1275 reave?a1300 acquitc1300 benemec1300 deprivec1330 privea1382 subvertc1384 oppressc1395 abridgea1400 to bate of, from1399 lessa1400 nakena1400 dischargea1425 privatec1425 to bring outa1450 abatec1450 sever?1507 spulyie?1507 denude1513 disable1529 distrain1530 destituec1540 destitutec1540 defalk1541 to turn out of ——1545 discomfit1548 wipe1549 nude1551 disannul?a1556 bereft1557 diminish1559 benoom1563 joint1573 uncase1583 rid1585 disarm1590 visitc1592 ease1600 dispatch1604 unfurnisha1616 rig1629 retrench1640 unbecomea1641 disentail1641 cashier1690 twin1722 mulct1748 fordo1764 to do out of ——1796 to cut out1815 bate1823 deprivate1832 devoid1878 society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) forbarc1330 shutc1400 debarc1430 repel1480 abara1504 abridge1523 seclude?1531 bar1551 fence1589 bebar1650 limit1722 to shut out1819 stop-list1949 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11948 (MED) Body and soule moche ys alegged, whan of synne þou art abregged. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng iv. f. 4 It were agayne reason to a bridge a man of his owne right. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries vii. f. lxxxix That the bishop haue authoritie not only to teache, but also to gouerne the common wealth, & therfore ought not to be abridged of their ryght and priuilege, whiche they haue obteyned through the liberalitie of their elders. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 126 Nor doe I now make mone to be abridg'd From such a noble rate. View more context for this quotation a1640 W. Fenner Pract. Divinitie (1647) 98 A Bird being at libertie keeps no stir, but being in a cage, it flutters about, because it is abridged of its libertie. 1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 30 Much tied and abridged in his freedom. 1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 154 It can never be reasonable to abridge any Part of Mankind of this their natural Right. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 154 The legislative therefore cannot abridge the executive power of any rights which it now has by law, without it's own consent. 1786 A. Murphy News from Parnassus in Wks. IV. 412 The town has been abridged of many privileges. 1839 H. Rogers Ess. II. iii. 147 The language, abridged of its native power, needed this transfusion of fresh blood. 1896 Overland Monthly Dec. 688/2 Whether there is any reason shown why the next of kin of petitioner are abridged of their rights. 1959 N. Sykes From Sheldon to Secker i. 2 The Protestant Dissenters had been..abridged of their newly-won indulgence by the Occasional Conformity and Schism Acts of the reign of Anne. †6. transitive (a) To prevent (harm, etc.). Obsolete. rare. (b) To frustrate, thwart (a purpose). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 633 (MED) Alle myscheffes ffrom hym to abrigge With the grace off God. 1605 Play of Stucley (1878) 186 But 'tis not thou, nor any power but his..That can abridge my purpose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1611v.a1382
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abridgen.

abridgev.