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单词 interval
释义

intervaln.

/ˈɪntəvəl/
Forms: α. Middle English enterwal, 1700s (sense 4) enterval(l. β. Middle English intervalle, 1600s intervall, 1600s– interval. See also intervale n.
Etymology: Ultimately < Latin intervallum, originally ‘space between palisades or ramparts’, later ‘interval of space or of time’, < inter between + vallum rampart. In French the word appears as entreval, antreval (13th cent.), entrevale, -valle (14–16th cent.), intervalle masculine from 14th cent. The earliest English example represents the first of these; the 14–16th cent. intervalle was evidently also immediately < French. The appearances of the word till the beginning of the 17th cent. are quite sporadic, having little or no historical connection with each other.
1.
a. The period of time between two events, actions, etc., or between two parts of an action, performance, or sitting, two sessions of parliament, etc.; a period of cessation; a pause, break.Often used more or less specifically of a recognized short pause in the course of some otherwise continuous action, e.g. in the course of school hours, between the parts of a musical or dramatic performance, etc. In Scotland, the ordinary name for the short space between the morning and afternoon service at church. Applied by A. Wood (c1660–5) to the period of the Commonwealth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > a temporary cessation of activity or operation > between two events, actions, operations, etc.
intervalc1386
intervallum1574
wheta1628
interstice1639
period1865
grace period1880
tea break1948
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > part of performance > interval
interval1667
intermission1927
c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋567 Whan the defense is doon anon withouten Interualle or with-outen tariyng or delay.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22444 Queþer þai [sc. signs of Doomsday] sal hal on ran bitide, Or enterwal [Coll. Phys. enterwall, Gött. enter-uale] bituix þam bide.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. cliii. 76 With oute jnterualle alle thing enoyeth; bothe the faire weder, and thilke of reyn.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Intervalle, an Interual, intermedium, respit, pawse or space betweene. [Not in Minsheu or Florio, in rendering intervalo, intervallo.]
1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 356 Habits much neglected in the late intervall.
1664 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 26 John Hall..bred in the interval; a presbyterian.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 12 Aug. (1974) VIII. 383 I..talked to them all the intervalls of the play.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 6 Whoever considers the Acts of power, and injustice..in those intervals of Parliament.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 389 So matters were most in his hands during the intervals of Parliament.
1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 8 In the interval between the two acts, I ‘fell on sleep’.
1871 W. Black Daughter of Heth I. iv. 61 After the ‘interval’, as it was technically called, they had to go to church again.
b. spec. The space of time intervening between the beginning of one febrile paroxysm and that of the ensuing one ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon), or between any fits or periods of disease. lucid interval: see lucid adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > bout or attack of > space between
lucid interval1603
interval1634
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > attack of > interval between
interval1634
apyrexy1656
1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 70 The interuals or good dayes of a Tertian Ague.
1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 15 If the Patient, on the third Day, have an Interval.
1771 J. Wesley Serm. ii. div. i. §9 Even this poor wretch, in his sober intervals, is able to testify, Oderunt peccare boni.
1887 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon
2.
a. The space of time intervening between two points of time; any intervening time. Formerly often interval of time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > period of time between events or interval
waya1300
distancec1330
interstition1390
spacea1400
pastimea1513
vacance1533
intermission?1566
vacation1567
intervallum1574
interim1579
between-timea1586
wem1599
parenthesis1600
intermedium1611
betweena1616
fore-while?1615
interpolation1615
vacancya1616
interval1616
interstitium1624
slatcha1625
interspace1629
intermissa1633
between-spacea1641
interregnum1659
intervalea1661
interlapse1666
interlude1751
in-between1815
lapse1817
intermezzo1851
meanwhile1872
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Interuall, a distance of time or place.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 62 In all which interval of time, there is a palpable and sensible heat produced.
1676 I. Mather Hist. King Philip's War (1862) 113 In this interval of time, the town of Mendam..was burnt down by the Indians.
1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 57 There was no interval of time between his receiving the vase, and his putting it into the fire.
1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 2 The surrender of Montreal..followed that of Fort de Levi, at only the short interval of three days.
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlvii. 17 An interval of more than sixty years.
1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 159 After a decorous interval the bishop enters.
b. at (by) intervals, now and again, not continuously. Also †by intervals, alternately.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb]
changeablyc1384
alternately1432
interchangeably1483
handy-dandya1529
time about1537
by course1548
at (by) intervals1588
alternatively1591
reciprocally1603
by reprises1607
alternally1627
alterably1635
altern1667
alternate1715
by vicissitudes1749
alternatingly1845
the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] > intermittently
by (formerly also at) startsc1422
startmeal?c1422
off and on1535
every otherwhile1542
by, or in, snatches1577
by fits and turns1583
by halves and fits1583
one time with another1591
fit-meal1593
by fits and spurts1605
planetarily?1609
scatteredly1612
startinglya1616
by snaps1631
intermittingly1654
from space to space1658
on and off1668
at (by) intervals1744
cessantly1746
by spells1788
fitfully1792
by fits and spasms1797
everylikea1800
intermittently1800
intermittedly1829
interjectionally1837
jerkily1839
at seasons1850
sporadically1852
parenthetically1860
spasmodically1877
snatchily1880
variously1892
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I iij Yat..ye cowrse of ye moone may haiff by interualles now 29. now 30. dayes.
1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay 12 The Month of February was variable..at Intervals warm, and then sharp Weather.
1760 G. Washington Writings (1889) II. 153 The Rain continued by intervals through the night.
1835 E. A. Poe Hans Pfaall in Wks. (1864) I. 10 A drizzling rain falling at intervals.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 85 In spite of cold and hard boards, I slept at intervals.
c. Physics. A quantity ds, invariant under the Lorentz transformation, that represents the separation of two events in space-time and is defined by ds2 = dx2 + dy2 + dz2c2dt2 (or by the negative of the right-hand side), where dx, dy, dz, and dt are the differences in the space and time coordinates of the events and c is the speed of light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates > invariant quantity
interval1918
the world > relative properties > number > calculus > [noun] > differential calculus > differentiation > differential
differential1702
moment1706
momentane1706
increment1721
element1728
momentum1735
H1872
interval1918
differentio-differential1939
1918 A. S. Eddington Rep. Relativity Theory Gravitation ii. 15 In the four-dimensional continuum the interval δs between two point-events..is unaffected by any rotation of the axes, and is therefore invariant for all observers.
1929 W. C. D. Whetham Hist. Sci. ix. 422 Just as the distance between two points in the continuous space of Euclidean geometry is the same however measured, so, in the new continuum of space-time, two events may be said to be separated by an ‘interval’, involving both space and time.
1952 C. Møller Theory of Relativity iv. 99 This expression for the line element or the interval defines the geometry in (3 + 1)-space.
1959 J. Aharoni Special Theory of Relativity i. 25 When the interval is time-like it is always possible to find a system of coordinates in which the events appear in the same place.
3.
a. An open space lying between two things or two parts of the same thing; a gap, opening. Also, an intervening portion of something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > [noun] > intervening space
spacec1350
interspacec1420
interval1489
distance1559
intervacuuma1633
vacuity1658
intervale1683
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > opening or break in continuity
breakinga1300
breaka1400
interval1489
breach1530
gapa1616
discontinuity1676
puka1921
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 73 The interualle or dystance that ought for to be betwix euery rowe.
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 130 There cannot be more then one least Interval or Length between the same points.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 105 Now 'Twixt Host and Host but narrow space was left, A dreadful interval . View more context for this quotation
1717 D. Defoe Mem. Church of Scotl. ii. 189 He was driven back..by half the Number of the Scots Cavalry, with Musketeers in their Intervals.
1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 316 One continued rapid, with some short intervals of still water.
1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. i. 10 Open Interval is taken by each recruit stretching out his right arm so as to touch the shoulder of his right hand man, and keeping that distance from him.
1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 361 The intervals which separate the ultimate atoms of material bodies.
b. at intervals, here and there; at some distance from each other.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scattered [phrase] > at intervals
at intervals1814
1814 H. M. Brackenridge Views Louisiana i. vi. 91 These villages..are situated at intervals along the river.
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 288 The spearsmen took their posts at intervals in the shallows.
4. In North America: = intervale n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun]
haleOE
haugh1487
strath1549
wartha1641
freshes1652
intervale1653
interval1684
riverfront1751
river bottom1752
creek-bottom1822
flat1852
1684 in Hudson Hist. Sudbury (1889) 66 All the lands within said bounds of hills, vallies, planes, intervalls, meadows, swamps.
1725 S. Willard Jrnl. in Appalachia (Boston, 1881) II. 343 This morning we came on some Entervalls and plain land.
1725 S. Willard Jrnl. in Appalachia (Boston, 1881) II. 343 A still stream..with plenty of Enterval, and old planting land of ye Indians.
1784 J. Belknap Belknap Papers (1877) II. 181 The intervals are excellent, and the uplands very good.
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. v. 133 A natural opening in the forest, or a rich strip of interval.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Yankee in Canada (1866) i. 4 A remarkably large and level interval, like the bed of a lake.
5. Music. The difference of pitch between two musical sounds or notes, either successive (in melody) or simultaneous (in harmony).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun]
distance1551
interval1609
discord1654
decima1808
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 17 An Interuall..is the distance of a base and high sound.
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 17 The vsuall Interuals are in number 9.
1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 308 At a distance that agreed exactly with the intervals and modulation of the Musick.
1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxiii. 534 In music the Greeks distinguished sounds, intervals, concords [etc.].
1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. ii. 215 Although in music no less intervals than a semitone are admitted, the ear can distinguish still smaller differences.
6. figurative. Distance between persons in respect of position, endowments, beliefs, etc., or between things in respect of their qualities.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > gap, chasm, or interval
chasm1641
longo intervallo1759
interval1849
gap1857
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 186 The interval between the Episcopalian and the Presbyterian seemed to vanish, when compared with the interval which separated both from the Papist.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. ix. 450 The interval was immense between discontent and rebellion.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 139 From turtle to stale oat-cakes, or a piece of black bread, what a mighty interval!
7. Mathematics.
a. A range between one number and another; spec. that between successive values of the argument in a mathematical table.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of
interval1838
identity1894
identity element1902
complement1937
supremum1938
infimum1940
sup1940
equivalence class1952
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 508/2 The smaller the tabular interval, the more correctly will a given number of differences serve to make the interpolation.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 862/2 The actual calculation of the number of primes in a given interval may be effected by a formula constructed and used by D. F. E. Meissel.
1928 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. LXXXVIII. 506 The Lagrangian method of interpolating to fixed sub-divisions of an interval.
1946 Nature 12 Oct. 504/1 The basic sequence is the integration procedure for one interval of the integration, which is a sequence of operations starting from the initial values for that interval and giving final values which become the initial values for the next interval.
1968 L. Fox & D. F. Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers i. 8 If 1·5 ≤ x ≤ 2·5, then y = x10 is in the approximate interval 57·6 ≤ y ≤ 9536·7.
1974 Nature 26 Apr. 739/1 The grain temperature..is determined by the emissivity between 4 and 15 μm. We have carried out calculations..over this spectral interval.
b. A set composed of all the numbers between two given numbers, which may be either included in the set (a closed interval) or excluded (an open interval); an analogously defined subset of any partially ordered set.The distinction made in quot. 1949 is not usual.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set
set1857
interval1902
intersection1909
union1912
lattice1933
matroid1935
closure1937
Steiner triple or triplet system1939
recursive set1943
convex hull1951
power set1953
convex envelope1964
Steiner system1966
Julia set1976
Mandelbrot set1984
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 545/2 This domain may be an ‘interval’, i.e., it may consist of two terminal numbers, all the numbers between them and no others.
1949 S. Lefschetz Introd. Topol. i. 27 If the real line L is parameterized by means of a parameter u, then an interval is a set: a < u < b, and a segment is a set aub, a < b.
1962 B. H. Arnold Intuitive Concepts Elem. Topol. viii. 164 It is easy to see that a set AR is an interval if and only if it contains all points which lie between any two of its members.
1965 A. Abian Theory of Sets iv. 184 Let (P, ≦) be a partially ordered set. For every two elements a and b of P, the set of all elements of P such that axb is called a closed interval and is denoted by [a, b], and the set of all elements x of P such that a < x < b is called an open interval and is denoted by (a, b).

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
interval issue n.
ΚΠ
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila sig. A7 In reviewing these Intervall Issues of spiritual Recreation.
interval man n.
ΚΠ
1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 356 To encourage others, especially the intervall men..and make the intervall way..neglected and ridiculous..just antipodes to the intervall time.
interval music n.
ΚΠ
1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 176 Recordings for Interval Music.
1967 Daily Tel. 12 May 20/6 The unchanging interval-music.
interval prose n.
ΚΠ
1970 Listener 8 Jan. 60/2 The material..provided interval prose of just the right emotional tone between two parts of a good concert.
interval time n.
ΚΠ
1660Interval time [see interval man n.].
interval way n.
ΚΠ
1660Interval way [see interval man n.].
b. (In sense 3.)
interval distance n.
ΚΠ
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 190 In open column the leading division of each squadron preserves the interval distance from the one before.
c. (In sense 4.)
interval land n.
ΚΠ
1683 in J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 95 That every person that has 60 acres granted of interval land, shall settle two inhabitants upon it.
1771 J. Adams Diary 7 June (1961) II. 28 The Road is 3/4 of a mile from the River and the intervale Land lies between.
1805 Lady Hunter in Sir. M. Hunter's Journ. (1894) 223 Except an island..and the interval lands, the rest is very bad land.
C2.
interval running n. in Athletics, a method of training by running set distances at pre-determined speeds (opposed to fartlek n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]
training1581
work1846
training session1850
overtraining1856
roadwork1856
cross-training1903
groundwork1906
sweat1916
repetition1919
repetition running1955
weight training1955
circuit training1957
interval running1957
interval training1962
repetition training1965
brick1996
1957 Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) 22 Interval running,..a series of runs over a particular distance each in a certain time..linked up by jogging between each.
interval signal n. Broadcasting (see quot. 1941).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > break between programmes or signal
station break1931
interval signal1932
break1941
programme junction1941
1932 B.B.C. Year-bk. 373 The sudden failure of the programme..is likely to cause the listener to think his set has become faulty. The radiation of the interval signal relieves all anxieties on this account.
1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 16 Interval Signal, particular sequence of sounds used by a broadcasting organization to fill short intervals between programmes, and to enable listeners to identify its transmissions.
interval training n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]
training1581
work1846
training session1850
overtraining1856
roadwork1856
cross-training1903
groundwork1906
sweat1916
repetition1919
repetition running1955
weight training1955
circuit training1957
interval running1957
interval training1962
repetition training1965
brick1996
1962 Times 9 Apr. 5/7 Oxford's application of interval training, on the other hand, may have been at fault.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

intervalv.

/ˈɪntəvəl/
Etymology: < interval n.
rare.
1. intransitive.
a. To come between or in an interval.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be interjacent [verb (intransitive)]
relate1490
intercede1578
interject1578
interpose1615
interval1630
interline1633
mediate1641
intervenec1709
intercalate1960
1630 James Ratray in J. Taylor Wks. 245 If clouds doe interuall, Apolloes face Is but a figur'd shape.
b. To form an interval: in ˈintervalling adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [adjective]
middlea1200
mean1340
mediate?1440
intercedent1578
interjacent1594
intermedial1599
intermiddle1613
intervenient1626
intervalling1632
intermediate1646
intervening1646
mediatory1650
intercurrent1656
intermedious1678
intermediant1716
intercepting1826
mediant1853
intermediary1875
interferent1876
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 254 This Lake is foure score miles in length, and according to its intervalling Circuite, sometimes two..or five miles in breadth.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 255 To drowne their situations and intervalling plaines with water.
2. transitive (in passive).
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. To separate by an interval. Obsolete.
b. To administer at intervals. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > administer (treatment) > at intervals
interval1716
1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. To Rdr. 10 The sharp acid Cathartick of Sal Mirabile..being occasionally premis'd or intervall'd.
c. To break or interrupt at intervals.
ΚΠ
1883 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera VIII. xcii. 208 A march of infinite light..intervaled indeed with eddies of shadow.

Derivatives

ˈintervaled adj. (also 'intervalled)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] > scattered at wide intervals
rare?1440
thin-sown1590
scattered1595
scattering1610
disparpled1652
intervaled1659
scattery1816
sparse1861
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [adjective] > interrupted at intervals
intercisec1430
semibreved1631
intervaled1659
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος Proem. sig. C England wants not..intercourse with various..Nations, how far intervall'd soever.
1899 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/5 To harass the Sirdar's long intervalled line of outposts on the Nile.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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