单词 | interval |
释义 | intervaln. 1. a. The period of time between two events, actions, etc., or between two parts of an action, performance, or sitting, two sessions of parliament, etc.; a period of cessation; a pause, break.Often used more or less specifically of a recognized short pause in the course of some otherwise continuous action, e.g. in the course of school hours, between the parts of a musical or dramatic performance, etc. In Scotland, the ordinary name for the short space between the morning and afternoon service at church. Applied by A. Wood (c1660–5) to the period of the Commonwealth. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > a temporary cessation of activity or operation > between two events, actions, operations, etc. intervalc1386 intervallum1574 wheta1628 interstice1639 period1865 grace period1880 tea break1948 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > part of performance > interval interval1667 intermission1927 c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋567 Whan the defense is doon anon withouten Interualle or with-outen tariyng or delay. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22444 Queþer þai [sc. signs of Doomsday] sal hal on ran bitide, Or enterwal [Coll. Phys. enterwall, Gött. enter-uale] bituix þam bide. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. cliii. 76 With oute jnterualle alle thing enoyeth; bothe the faire weder, and thilke of reyn. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Intervalle, an Interual, intermedium, respit, pawse or space betweene. [Not in Minsheu or Florio, in rendering intervalo, intervallo.] 1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 356 Habits much neglected in the late intervall. 1664 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 26 John Hall..bred in the interval; a presbyterian. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 12 Aug. (1974) VIII. 383 I..talked to them all the intervalls of the play. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 6 Whoever considers the Acts of power, and injustice..in those intervals of Parliament. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 389 So matters were most in his hands during the intervals of Parliament. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 8 In the interval between the two acts, I ‘fell on sleep’. 1871 W. Black Daughter of Heth I. iv. 61 After the ‘interval’, as it was technically called, they had to go to church again. b. spec. The space of time intervening between the beginning of one febrile paroxysm and that of the ensuing one ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon), or between any fits or periods of disease. lucid interval: see lucid adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > bout or attack of > space between lucid interval1603 interval1634 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > attack of > interval between interval1634 apyrexy1656 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 70 The interuals or good dayes of a Tertian Ague. 1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 15 If the Patient, on the third Day, have an Interval. 1771 J. Wesley Serm. ii. div. i. §9 Even this poor wretch, in his sober intervals, is able to testify, Oderunt peccare boni. 1887 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 2. a. The space of time intervening between two points of time; any intervening time. Formerly often interval of time. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > period of time between events or interval waya1300 distancec1330 interstition1390 spacea1400 pastimea1513 vacance1533 intermission?1566 vacation1567 intervallum1574 interim1579 between-timea1586 wem1599 parenthesis1600 intermedium1611 betweena1616 fore-while?1615 interpolation1615 vacancya1616 interval1616 interstitium1624 slatcha1625 interspace1629 intermissa1633 between-spacea1641 interregnum1659 intervalea1661 interlapse1666 interlude1751 in-between1815 lapse1817 intermezzo1851 meanwhile1872 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Interuall, a distance of time or place. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 62 In all which interval of time, there is a palpable and sensible heat produced. 1676 I. Mather Hist. King Philip's War (1862) 113 In this interval of time, the town of Mendam..was burnt down by the Indians. 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 57 There was no interval of time between his receiving the vase, and his putting it into the fire. 1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 2 The surrender of Montreal..followed that of Fort de Levi, at only the short interval of three days. 1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlvii. 17 An interval of more than sixty years. 1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 159 After a decorous interval the bishop enters. b. at (†by) intervals, now and again, not continuously. Also †by intervals, alternately. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb] changeablyc1384 alternately1432 interchangeably1483 handy-dandya1529 time about1537 by course1548 at (by) intervals1588 alternatively1591 reciprocally1603 by reprises1607 alternally1627 alterably1635 altern1667 alternate1715 by vicissitudes1749 alternatingly1845 the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] > intermittently by (formerly also at) startsc1422 startmeal?c1422 off and on1535 every otherwhile1542 by, or in, snatches1577 by fits and turns1583 by halves and fits1583 one time with another1591 fit-meal1593 by fits and spurts1605 planetarily?1609 scatteredly1612 startinglya1616 by snaps1631 intermittingly1654 from space to space1658 on and off1668 at (by) intervals1744 cessantly1746 by spells1788 fitfully1792 by fits and spasms1797 everylikea1800 intermittently1800 intermittedly1829 interjectionally1837 jerkily1839 at seasons1850 sporadically1852 parenthetically1860 spasmodically1877 snatchily1880 variously1892 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I iij Yat..ye cowrse of ye moone may haiff by interualles now 29. now 30. dayes. 1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay 12 The Month of February was variable..at Intervals warm, and then sharp Weather. 1760 G. Washington Writings (1889) II. 153 The Rain continued by intervals through the night. 1835 E. A. Poe Hans Pfaall in Wks. (1864) I. 10 A drizzling rain falling at intervals. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 85 In spite of cold and hard boards, I slept at intervals. c. Physics. A quantity ds, invariant under the Lorentz transformation, that represents the separation of two events in space-time and is defined by ds2 = dx2 + dy2 + dz2 − c2dt2 (or by the negative of the right-hand side), where dx, dy, dz, and dt are the differences in the space and time coordinates of the events and c is the speed of light. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates > invariant quantity interval1918 the world > relative properties > number > calculus > [noun] > differential calculus > differentiation > differential differential1702 moment1706 momentane1706 increment1721 element1728 momentum1735 H1872 interval1918 differentio-differential1939 1918 A. S. Eddington Rep. Relativity Theory Gravitation ii. 15 In the four-dimensional continuum the interval δs between two point-events..is unaffected by any rotation of the axes, and is therefore invariant for all observers. 1929 W. C. D. Whetham Hist. Sci. ix. 422 Just as the distance between two points in the continuous space of Euclidean geometry is the same however measured, so, in the new continuum of space-time, two events may be said to be separated by an ‘interval’, involving both space and time. 1952 C. Møller Theory of Relativity iv. 99 This expression for the line element or the interval defines the geometry in (3 + 1)-space. 1959 J. Aharoni Special Theory of Relativity i. 25 When the interval is time-like it is always possible to find a system of coordinates in which the events appear in the same place. 3. a. An open space lying between two things or two parts of the same thing; a gap, opening. Also, an intervening portion of something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > [noun] > intervening space spacec1350 interspacec1420 interval1489 distance1559 intervacuuma1633 vacuity1658 intervale1683 the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > opening or break in continuity breakinga1300 breaka1400 interval1489 breach1530 gapa1616 discontinuity1676 puka1921 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 73 The interualle or dystance that ought for to be betwix euery rowe. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 130 There cannot be more then one least Interval or Length between the same points. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 105 Now 'Twixt Host and Host but narrow space was left, A dreadful interval . View more context for this quotation 1717 D. Defoe Mem. Church of Scotl. ii. 189 He was driven back..by half the Number of the Scots Cavalry, with Musketeers in their Intervals. 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 316 One continued rapid, with some short intervals of still water. 1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. i. 10 Open Interval is taken by each recruit stretching out his right arm so as to touch the shoulder of his right hand man, and keeping that distance from him. 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 361 The intervals which separate the ultimate atoms of material bodies. b. at intervals, here and there; at some distance from each other. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scattered [phrase] > at intervals at intervals1814 1814 H. M. Brackenridge Views Louisiana i. vi. 91 These villages..are situated at intervals along the river. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 288 The spearsmen took their posts at intervals in the shallows. 4. In North America: = intervale n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] haleOE haugh1487 strath1549 wartha1641 freshes1652 intervale1653 interval1684 riverfront1751 river bottom1752 creek-bottom1822 flat1852 1684 in Hudson Hist. Sudbury (1889) 66 All the lands within said bounds of hills, vallies, planes, intervalls, meadows, swamps. 1725 S. Willard Jrnl. in Appalachia (Boston, 1881) II. 343 This morning we came on some Entervalls and plain land. 1725 S. Willard Jrnl. in Appalachia (Boston, 1881) II. 343 A still stream..with plenty of Enterval, and old planting land of ye Indians. 1784 J. Belknap Belknap Papers (1877) II. 181 The intervals are excellent, and the uplands very good. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. v. 133 A natural opening in the forest, or a rich strip of interval. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Yankee in Canada (1866) i. 4 A remarkably large and level interval, like the bed of a lake. 5. Music. The difference of pitch between two musical sounds or notes, either successive (in melody) or simultaneous (in harmony). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] distance1551 interval1609 discord1654 decima1808 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 17 An Interuall..is the distance of a base and high sound. 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 17 The vsuall Interuals are in number 9. 1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 308 At a distance that agreed exactly with the intervals and modulation of the Musick. 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxiii. 534 In music the Greeks distinguished sounds, intervals, concords [etc.]. 1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. ii. 215 Although in music no less intervals than a semitone are admitted, the ear can distinguish still smaller differences. 6. figurative. Distance between persons in respect of position, endowments, beliefs, etc., or between things in respect of their qualities. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > gap, chasm, or interval chasm1641 longo intervallo1759 interval1849 gap1857 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 186 The interval between the Episcopalian and the Presbyterian seemed to vanish, when compared with the interval which separated both from the Papist. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. ix. 450 The interval was immense between discontent and rebellion. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 139 From turtle to stale oat-cakes, or a piece of black bread, what a mighty interval! 7. Mathematics. a. A range between one number and another; spec. that between successive values of the argument in a mathematical table. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of interval1838 identity1894 identity element1902 complement1937 supremum1938 infimum1940 sup1940 equivalence class1952 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 508/2 The smaller the tabular interval, the more correctly will a given number of differences serve to make the interpolation. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 862/2 The actual calculation of the number of primes in a given interval may be effected by a formula constructed and used by D. F. E. Meissel. 1928 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. LXXXVIII. 506 The Lagrangian method of interpolating to fixed sub-divisions of an interval. 1946 Nature 12 Oct. 504/1 The basic sequence is the integration procedure for one interval of the integration, which is a sequence of operations starting from the initial values for that interval and giving final values which become the initial values for the next interval. 1968 L. Fox & D. F. Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers i. 8 If 1·5 ≤ x ≤ 2·5, then y = x10 is in the approximate interval 57·6 ≤ y ≤ 9536·7. 1974 Nature 26 Apr. 739/1 The grain temperature..is determined by the emissivity between 4 and 15 μm. We have carried out calculations..over this spectral interval. b. A set composed of all the numbers between two given numbers, which may be either included in the set (a closed interval) or excluded (an open interval); an analogously defined subset of any partially ordered set.The distinction made in quot. 1949 is not usual. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set set1857 interval1902 intersection1909 union1912 lattice1933 matroid1935 closure1937 Steiner triple or triplet system1939 recursive set1943 convex hull1951 power set1953 convex envelope1964 Steiner system1966 Julia set1976 Mandelbrot set1984 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 545/2 This domain may be an ‘interval’, i.e., it may consist of two terminal numbers, all the numbers between them and no others. 1949 S. Lefschetz Introd. Topol. i. 27 If the real line L is parameterized by means of a parameter u, then an interval is a set: a < u < b, and a segment is a set a ≤ u ≤ b, a < b. 1962 B. H. Arnold Intuitive Concepts Elem. Topol. viii. 164 It is easy to see that a set A ⊂ R is an interval if and only if it contains all points which lie between any two of its members. 1965 A. Abian Theory of Sets iv. 184 Let (P, ≦) be a partially ordered set. For every two elements a and b of P, the set of all elements of P such that a ≦ x ≦ b is called a closed interval and is denoted by [a, b], and the set of all elements x of P such that a < x < b is called an open interval and is denoted by (a, b). Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 1.) interval issue n. ΚΠ 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila sig. A7 In reviewing these Intervall Issues of spiritual Recreation. interval man n. ΚΠ 1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 356 To encourage others, especially the intervall men..and make the intervall way..neglected and ridiculous..just antipodes to the intervall time. interval music n. ΚΠ 1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 176 Recordings for Interval Music. 1967 Daily Tel. 12 May 20/6 The unchanging interval-music. interval prose n. ΚΠ 1970 Listener 8 Jan. 60/2 The material..provided interval prose of just the right emotional tone between two parts of a good concert. interval time n. ΚΠ 1660Interval time [see interval man n.]. interval way n. ΚΠ 1660Interval way [see interval man n.]. b. (In sense 3.) interval distance n. ΚΠ 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 190 In open column the leading division of each squadron preserves the interval distance from the one before. c. (In sense 4.) interval land n. ΚΠ 1683 in J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 95 That every person that has 60 acres granted of interval land, shall settle two inhabitants upon it. 1771 J. Adams Diary 7 June (1961) II. 28 The Road is 3/4 of a mile from the River and the intervale Land lies between. 1805 Lady Hunter in Sir. M. Hunter's Journ. (1894) 223 Except an island..and the interval lands, the rest is very bad land. C2. interval running n. in Athletics, a method of training by running set distances at pre-determined speeds (opposed to fartlek n.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1957 Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) 22 Interval running,..a series of runs over a particular distance each in a certain time..linked up by jogging between each. interval signal n. Broadcasting (see quot. 1941). ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > break between programmes or signal station break1931 interval signal1932 break1941 programme junction1941 1932 B.B.C. Year-bk. 373 The sudden failure of the programme..is likely to cause the listener to think his set has become faulty. The radiation of the interval signal relieves all anxieties on this account. 1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 16 Interval Signal, particular sequence of sounds used by a broadcasting organization to fill short intervals between programmes, and to enable listeners to identify its transmissions. interval training n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1962 Times 9 Apr. 5/7 Oxford's application of interval training, on the other hand, may have been at fault. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). intervalv. rare. a. To come between or in an interval. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be interjacent [verb (intransitive)] relate1490 intercede1578 interject1578 interpose1615 interval1630 interline1633 mediate1641 intervenec1709 intercalate1960 1630 James Ratray in J. Taylor Wks. 245 If clouds doe interuall, Apolloes face Is but a figur'd shape. b. To form an interval: in ˈintervalling adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [adjective] middlea1200 mean1340 mediate?1440 intercedent1578 interjacent1594 intermedial1599 intermiddle1613 intervenient1626 intervalling1632 intermediate1646 intervening1646 mediatory1650 intercurrent1656 intermedious1678 intermediant1716 intercepting1826 mediant1853 intermediary1875 interferent1876 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 254 This Lake is foure score miles in length, and according to its intervalling Circuite, sometimes two..or five miles in breadth. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 255 To drowne their situations and intervalling plaines with water. 2. transitive (in passive). Thesaurus » Categories » ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > administer (treatment) > at intervals interval1716 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. To Rdr. 10 The sharp acid Cathartick of Sal Mirabile..being occasionally premis'd or intervall'd. c. To break or interrupt at intervals. ΚΠ 1883 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera VIII. xcii. 208 A march of infinite light..intervaled indeed with eddies of shadow. Derivatives ˈintervaled adj. (also 'intervalled) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] > scattered at wide intervals rare?1440 thin-sown1590 scattered1595 scattering1610 disparpled1652 intervaled1659 scattery1816 sparse1861 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [adjective] > interrupted at intervals intercisec1430 semibreved1631 intervaled1659 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος Proem. sig. C England wants not..intercourse with various..Nations, how far intervall'd soever. 1899 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/5 To harass the Sirdar's long intervalled line of outposts on the Nile. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < |
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