ironwoodn.

Brit.

/ˈʌɪənwʊd/, U.S.

/ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌwʊd/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, wood n.¹

Etymology: < iron n.¹ + wood n.¹ With sense 2 compare earlier iron tree n.Compare Portuguese pau ferro , †pao ferro , denoting various tropical and subtropical trees and their timber (1615 or earlier, apparently earliest with reference to South Asia; also 1614 as noun phrase, glossing an apparently unidentified Chinese word, in the passage translated in quot. 1625). Compare also Dutch ijzerhout (1660 with reference to South Africa). With use with reference to Mesua ferrea compare Chinese tiělìmù (1388; < tiě iron + lì strength + mù wood), although this apparently originally denoted a different tree ( Erythrophleum fordii).

1. The extremely hard and heavy wood of any of numerous, mainly tropical and subtropical trees (see sense 2). Frequently with distinguishing word typically indicating the place of origin of the wood.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > hardwood > names for very hard wood

sugar-chest1545

ironwood1625

stonewood1863

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. ii. ii. 268 In stead of Bulwarkes it hath houses of two lofts with beames of blacke wood, called Caubesy, that is, Iron-wood [Pg. Caubesy, que quer dizer pao ferro], seeming stronger then if they were of stone-worke.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 74 Iron wood is called so, for the extream hardnesse;..'Tis much used for Coggs to the Rollers.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 144 The Wood call'd the Iron-wood.

1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 248 African Iron wood..so call'd because, when dry, 'tis as hard as iron, and not to be clove by the most furious strokes with the hatchet.

1802 Barrington's Hist. New S. Wales xii. 479 A club of iron wood, which the cannibals had left in the boat.

1868 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 6 165 Ironwood of Jamaica (Erythroxylon areolatum..) strongest wood tested in Paris in 1855.

a1939 Z. Grey Stranger from Tonto (1964) i. 7 The billets of ironwood in the fireplace glowed rosily.

1950 Times 31 May 4/6 Though framed of timber and covered with Australian ironwood to resist the pressure and grinding of the ice, the St. Roch was badly battered on the passage.

1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xxvi. 235 They don't use hard enough wood... They should use greenheart or ironwood for the pins.

2005 Woodworker May 115/2 Hornbeam is also known as ironwood and prized for its toughness.

2. More fully ironwood tree. Any of the trees which yield such wood.Among the many species to be given this name are the North American hop hornbeam (genus Ostrya), and hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana; several (chiefly tropical) trees of the genus Sideroxylon (family Sapotaceae); the break-axe tree, Sloanea jamaicensis, and Erythroxylum areolatum (family Erythroxylaceae) of the Caribbean; the pyinkado, Xylia xylocarpa, and Mesua ferrea (family Calophyllaceae; cf. iron tree n.) of South and South-East Asia; two South African olive trees, Olea capensis and O. laurifolia; the rata of New Zealand (genus Metrosideros) and related trees; the she-oaks (genus Casuarina) and any of several acacias native to Australia and other areas.bastard, black, desert, red ironwood, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs

witch hazela1400

mazer?c1475

hardbeam1544

sugar-chest1545

hornbeam1577

yoke tree1585

yoke elm1597

iron tree1623

ironwood1672

horn-wood1731

horse-beech1731

horn-beech1771

hardwood1842

stonewood1863

1672 R. Blome Descr. Jamaica 77 Here are great variety of Trees, fit for several uses, as the Locust, Mastick, Red-wood, the prickled-Yellow-wood, the Ironwood-Tree, and the Cedar Tree, which are fit for building.

1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 621 An Ironwood from the Cape, and another from Barbados.

1708 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. II. 96 There's the Bastard Locust, the Iron Wood, so call'd from its Weight and Hardness; it grows very tall, blossoms twice a year.

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xvii. 17 The iron-wood-tree, so called from the gravity and permanent quality of its timber, grows to about sixty feet in height.

1850 J. E. Methley New Colony Port Natal (ed. 2) 31 There is also the ironwood (olea undulata), which for its hard grain and durability is used for the axles of waggons.

1852 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. App. iii. 437 Ostrya virginica, hop hornbeam. This tree, which has also the trivial name of iron-wood, grows as far north as the River Winnipeg.

1859 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands (1864) 95 Among the timber-trees, Sloanea jamaicensis (Iron-wood, or Break-axe-wood) is remarkable for its toughness.

1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 271 The ravines..are well stocked with a species of lignum-vitæ, known here as ‘ironwood’.

1875 T. Laslett Timber & Timber Trees xxi. 129 The Pyengadu, or Iron-wood tree,..is a species of Acacia, of straight growth, found in the Burmese forests.

1892 R. Carrick N.Z.'s Lone lands 22 The rata, or ironwood, of New Zealand,..was getting into colour..in these parts.

1916 Hawaiian Planter’s Rec. 14 61 Assuming that planting is projected with a view to protection of crops or animals.., first among our trees tested and acclimated are the Causarinias [sic], or Ironwoods.

1960 Times 18 July 7/7 On the Murranji one of the dangers is the poisonous ironwood tree which kills many cattle.

1970 D. Stivens Horse of Air 113 A brilliant green ironwood (Acacia estrophiolata). With its rounded top it looked like a topiarized English oak.

1999 Independent on Sunday 7 Feb. (Travel section) 9/2 Black cockatoos wheel off through the ironwoods, and bustards stalk between the termite mounds.

2007 Flora Internat. Aug. 54 Sri Lanka's National Tree is the densely leafed Ceylon Ironwood.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 174 Their houses are circular, supported on ten or twelve iron-wood sticks about six feet long.

1865 F. Boyle Dyaks of Borneo vii. 184 The fort is a large and handsome building, surrounded by a formidable chevaux-de-frise, composed of ironwood stakes.

1887 Wallace’s Monthly Nov. 674/1 The various parts [of the cart] are bound together with rawhide thongs or fastened with iron-wood pins.

1901 Indian Forester 27 68 The centre belt..is the one in which the Pyinkado or Ironwood forests chiefly flourish, although trees have been met with up to 1,000 feet.

1924 F. T. Macartney in Bulletin (Sydney) 18 Dec. A blackfellow blows through a length of bamboo To the regular beat of an ironwood stick.

1973 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 28 May 13 Wake up..to the smell of a smouldering ironwood fire and old ash.

2001 R. S. Felger et al. Trees Sonora, Mexico 195/2 Many of the great ironwood stands in Sonora have been plundered for charcoal production.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ironwood
释义	ironwoodn. Brit. /ˈʌɪənwʊd/, U.S. /ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌwʊd/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, wood n.¹ Etymology: < iron n.¹ + wood n.¹ With sense 2 compare earlier iron tree n.Compare Portuguese pau ferro , †pao ferro , denoting various tropical and subtropical trees and their timber (1615 or earlier, apparently earliest with reference to South Asia; also 1614 as noun phrase, glossing an apparently unidentified Chinese word, in the passage translated in quot. 1625). Compare also Dutch ijzerhout (1660 with reference to South Africa). With use with reference to Mesua ferrea compare Chinese tiělìmù (1388; < tiě iron + lì strength + mù wood), although this apparently originally denoted a different tree ( Erythrophleum fordii). 1. The extremely hard and heavy wood of any of numerous, mainly tropical and subtropical trees (see sense 2). Frequently with distinguishing word typically indicating the place of origin of the wood. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > hardwood > names for very hard wood sugar-chest1545 ironwood1625 stonewood1863 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. ii. ii. 268 In stead of Bulwarkes it hath houses of two lofts with beames of blacke wood, called Caubesy, that is, Iron-wood [Pg. Caubesy, que quer dizer pao ferro], seeming stronger then if they were of stone-worke. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 74 Iron wood is called so, for the extream hardnesse;..'Tis much used for Coggs to the Rollers. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 144 The Wood call'd the Iron-wood. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 248 African Iron wood..so call'd because, when dry, 'tis as hard as iron, and not to be clove by the most furious strokes with the hatchet. 1802 Barrington's Hist. New S. Wales xii. 479 A club of iron wood, which the cannibals had left in the boat. 1868 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 6 165 Ironwood of Jamaica (Erythroxylon areolatum..) strongest wood tested in Paris in 1855. a1939 Z. Grey Stranger from Tonto (1964) i. 7 The billets of ironwood in the fireplace glowed rosily. 1950 Times 31 May 4/6 Though framed of timber and covered with Australian ironwood to resist the pressure and grinding of the ice, the St. Roch was badly battered on the passage. 1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xxvi. 235 They don't use hard enough wood... They should use greenheart or ironwood for the pins. 2005 Woodworker May 115/2 Hornbeam is also known as ironwood and prized for its toughness. 2. More fully ironwood tree. Any of the trees which yield such wood.Among the many species to be given this name are the North American hop hornbeam (genus Ostrya), and hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana; several (chiefly tropical) trees of the genus Sideroxylon (family Sapotaceae); the break-axe tree, Sloanea jamaicensis, and Erythroxylum areolatum (family Erythroxylaceae) of the Caribbean; the pyinkado, Xylia xylocarpa, and Mesua ferrea (family Calophyllaceae; cf. iron tree n.) of South and South-East Asia; two South African olive trees, Olea capensis and O. laurifolia; the rata of New Zealand (genus Metrosideros) and related trees; the she-oaks (genus Casuarina) and any of several acacias native to Australia and other areas.bastard, black, desert, red ironwood, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > hardwood tree > particular hardwood trees or shrubs witch hazela1400 mazer?c1475 hardbeam1544 sugar-chest1545 hornbeam1577 yoke tree1585 yoke elm1597 iron tree1623 ironwood1672 horn-wood1731 horse-beech1731 horn-beech1771 hardwood1842 stonewood1863 1672 R. Blome Descr. Jamaica 77 Here are great variety of Trees, fit for several uses, as the Locust, Mastick, Red-wood, the prickled-Yellow-wood, the Ironwood-Tree, and the Cedar Tree, which are fit for building. 1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 621 An Ironwood from the Cape, and another from Barbados. 1708 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. II. 96 There's the Bastard Locust, the Iron Wood, so call'd from its Weight and Hardness; it grows very tall, blossoms twice a year. 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xvii. 17 The iron-wood-tree, so called from the gravity and permanent quality of its timber, grows to about sixty feet in height. 1850 J. E. Methley New Colony Port Natal (ed. 2) 31 There is also the ironwood (olea undulata), which for its hard grain and durability is used for the axles of waggons. 1852 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. App. iii. 437 Ostrya virginica, hop hornbeam. This tree, which has also the trivial name of iron-wood, grows as far north as the River Winnipeg. 1859 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands (1864) 95 Among the timber-trees, Sloanea jamaicensis (Iron-wood, or Break-axe-wood) is remarkable for its toughness. 1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 271 The ravines..are well stocked with a species of lignum-vitæ, known here as ‘ironwood’. 1875 T. Laslett Timber & Timber Trees xxi. 129 The Pyengadu, or Iron-wood tree,..is a species of Acacia, of straight growth, found in the Burmese forests. 1892 R. Carrick N.Z.'s Lone lands 22 The rata, or ironwood, of New Zealand,..was getting into colour..in these parts. 1916 Hawaiian Planter’s Rec. 14 61 Assuming that planting is projected with a view to protection of crops or animals.., first among our trees tested and acclimated are the Causarinias [sic], or Ironwoods. 1960 Times 18 July 7/7 On the Murranji one of the dangers is the poisonous ironwood tree which kills many cattle. 1970 D. Stivens Horse of Air 113 A brilliant green ironwood (Acacia estrophiolata). With its rounded top it looked like a topiarized English oak. 1999 Independent on Sunday 7 Feb. (Travel section) 9/2 Black cockatoos wheel off through the ironwoods, and bustards stalk between the termite mounds. 2007 Flora Internat. Aug. 54 Sri Lanka's National Tree is the densely leafed Ceylon Ironwood. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 174 Their houses are circular, supported on ten or twelve iron-wood sticks about six feet long. 1865 F. Boyle Dyaks of Borneo vii. 184 The fort is a large and handsome building, surrounded by a formidable chevaux-de-frise, composed of ironwood stakes. 1887 Wallace’s Monthly Nov. 674/1 The various parts [of the cart] are bound together with rawhide thongs or fastened with iron-wood pins. 1901 Indian Forester 27 68 The centre belt..is the one in which the Pyinkado or Ironwood forests chiefly flourish, although trees have been met with up to 1,000 feet. 1924 F. T. Macartney in Bulletin (Sydney) 18 Dec. A blackfellow blows through a length of bamboo To the regular beat of an ironwood stick. 1973 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 28 May 13 Wake up..to the smell of a smouldering ironwood fire and old ash. 2001 R. S. Felger et al. Trees Sonora, Mexico 195/2 Many of the great ironwood stands in Sonora have been plundered for charcoal production. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1625
随便看	serranoid serranoids serranos serrans serras serrasalmonoid serrate serrate leaf serrate-spined serrate-toothed serrated serrater serrates serratespined serratest serratetoothed serrati serratic serratiform serratile serrating serration serrations serratirostral serrato