irrationaladj.n.

/ɪˈraʃənəl/

Etymology: < Latin irratiōnālis, < ir- (ir- prefix²) + ratiōnālis rationale n.¹

A. adj.

1. Not endowed with reason.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective]

skillessc1175

unskilwisec1340

witlessa1382

unreasonablec1384

reasonlessa1450

unrationablea1500

unreasoned1582

irrationable1583

discourseless1620

irrational1661

unreasoning1682

dicked-up1967

ill1979

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Cock & Fox l. 397 in Poems (1981) 19 Thocht brutall beistis be irrationall, That is to say, wantand discretioun.

1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 128 Confirmed in such an opinion by the nature of irrationall animals.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. A4 As for Animals, they are animate bodies, and sentient, having locall motion, and are either irrationall or rationall.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 221 Nothing has a greater effect on all plants and irrational animals.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iv. 102 That may be true of the more irrational kinds of animals among each other.

2. Contrary to or not in accordance with reason; unreasonable, utterly illogical, absurd.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > not based on reason

hoflesc1175

unreasonablec1384

fantastica1387

disreasonablec1550

reasonless1556

idle1590

alogical1603

groundless1620

irrational1641

unreasonal1650

adoxal1652

irrationable1657

unreasoning1682

untoward1682

unfaceablea1825

aberrational1837

non-rational1859

irrationalistic1910

a bit hot1925

arational1935

1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 23 All my acts may be Irrationall, and yet not sinfull.

1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 15 This certainly is a Confidence of all others, the most ungrounded and irrational.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 8 Inconsiderate courage has given way to irrational fear.

1825 J. R. McCulloch Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. ii. 123 Nothing can be more irrational and absurd, than that dread of the progress of others in wealth and civilization that was once so prevalent.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 186 If men cannot have a rational belief, they will have an irrational.

3. Mathematics. Of a number, quantity, or magnitude: Not rational; not commensurable with ordinary quantities such as the natural numbers; not expressible by an ordinary (finite) fraction, proper or improper (but only by an infinite continued fraction, or an infinite series, e.g. an interminate decimal). Usually applied to roots (denoted by the radical sign √, or in Algebra by fractional indices) whose value cannot be exactly found in finite terms of the unit, or to expressions involving such roots; the same as surd.In translations of Euclid (following his peculiar use of ἄλογος), applied to a quantity which is itself incommensurable with the unit and whose square is incommensurable with that of the unit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > irrational

irrational1551

surd1551

radical1557

irradicala1690

ineffable1702

Ludolphian1886

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. Pref. Numbres and quantitees surde or irrationall.

1673 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 567 I depress the irrational part √3200 by dividing 3200 by the greatest square number I can.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 45 The Fluent of an irrational Fluxion may sometimes..be found by assuming an indetermin'd Series.

1827 O. Gregory Hutton's Course Math. (ed. 9) I. 82 The cube root of 8 is rational, being equal to 2; but the cube root of 9 is surd or irrational.

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §359 We may have..three different values of one algebraic irrational expression.

4. Ancient Greek Prosody. Said of a syllable having a metrical value not corresponding to its actual time-value, or of a metrical foot containing such a syllable.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > quantitative > irrational

irrational1844

1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 17 There is also an irrational (ἄλογον) relation which cannot be measured by the unit.

1883 R. C. Jebb Œdipus Tyrannus p. lxxiii The anacrusis..is an irrational syllable, a long serving for a short.

B. n.

1. A being not endowed with reason; one not guided by reason.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [noun] > irrational being

irrational1646

1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 16 We live under the Colours of vertue; in other actions we are no more than Irrationals.

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xiii. 236 The architectonick Faculty of Animals, especially the Irrationals.

1810 D. Savile Disc. Revel. 280 Infants and irrationals neither have nor can have clear, distinct, and explicit knowledge of Christ.

1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lxi. 239 There is that in progress, which will put down the reign of irrationals whether on four feet or on two.

2. Mathematics. An irrational number or quantity; a surd. (In quot. 1871 applied to a number having no measure but unity, a prime number: cf. incommensurable adj. 1b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > irrational

surd1557

irrationality1570

irrationala1690

heterogeneous1728

transcendence1902

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > prime

prime number1570

prime1597

incomposite number1706

irrational1871

primality1908

a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 360 In pursuit of Species, I now come to Irrationals, which in their Operations..follow Surds.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 105 Two incommensurable diameters, i.e. the two first irrationals, 2 and 3.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	irrational
释义	irrationaladj.n. /ɪˈraʃənəl/ Etymology: < Latin irratiōnālis, < ir- (ir- prefix²) + ratiōnālis rationale n.¹ A. adj. 1. Not endowed with reason. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] skillessc1175 unskilwisec1340 witlessa1382 unreasonablec1384 reasonlessa1450 unrationablea1500 unreasoned1582 irrationable1583 discourseless1620 irrational1661 unreasoning1682 dicked-up1967 ill1979 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Cock & Fox l. 397 in Poems (1981) 19 Thocht brutall beistis be irrationall, That is to say, wantand discretioun. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 128 Confirmed in such an opinion by the nature of irrationall animals. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. A4 As for Animals, they are animate bodies, and sentient, having locall motion, and are either irrationall or rationall. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 221 Nothing has a greater effect on all plants and irrational animals. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iv. 102 That may be true of the more irrational kinds of animals among each other. 2. Contrary to or not in accordance with reason; unreasonable, utterly illogical, absurd. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > not based on reason hoflesc1175 unreasonablec1384 fantastica1387 disreasonablec1550 reasonless1556 idle1590 alogical1603 groundless1620 irrational1641 unreasonal1650 adoxal1652 irrationable1657 unreasoning1682 untoward1682 unfaceablea1825 aberrational1837 non-rational1859 irrationalistic1910 a bit hot1925 arational1935 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 23 All my acts may be Irrationall, and yet not sinfull. 1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 15 This certainly is a Confidence of all others, the most ungrounded and irrational. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 8 Inconsiderate courage has given way to irrational fear. 1825 J. R. McCulloch Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. ii. 123 Nothing can be more irrational and absurd, than that dread of the progress of others in wealth and civilization that was once so prevalent. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 186 If men cannot have a rational belief, they will have an irrational. 3. Mathematics. Of a number, quantity, or magnitude: Not rational; not commensurable with ordinary quantities such as the natural numbers; not expressible by an ordinary (finite) fraction, proper or improper (but only by an infinite continued fraction, or an infinite series, e.g. an interminate decimal). Usually applied to roots (denoted by the radical sign √, or in Algebra by fractional indices) whose value cannot be exactly found in finite terms of the unit, or to expressions involving such roots; the same as surd.In translations of Euclid (following his peculiar use of ἄλογος), applied to a quantity which is itself incommensurable with the unit and whose square is incommensurable with that of the unit. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > irrational irrational1551 surd1551 radical1557 irradicala1690 ineffable1702 Ludolphian1886 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. Pref. Numbres and quantitees surde or irrationall. 1673 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 567 I depress the irrational part √3200 by dividing 3200 by the greatest square number I can. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 45 The Fluent of an irrational Fluxion may sometimes..be found by assuming an indetermin'd Series. 1827 O. Gregory Hutton's Course Math. (ed. 9) I. 82 The cube root of 8 is rational, being equal to 2; but the cube root of 9 is surd or irrational. 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §359 We may have..three different values of one algebraic irrational expression. 4. Ancient Greek Prosody. Said of a syllable having a metrical value not corresponding to its actual time-value, or of a metrical foot containing such a syllable. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > quantitative > irrational irrational1844 1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 17 There is also an irrational (ἄλογον) relation which cannot be measured by the unit. 1883 R. C. Jebb Œdipus Tyrannus p. lxxiii The anacrusis..is an irrational syllable, a long serving for a short. B. n. 1. A being not endowed with reason; one not guided by reason. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [noun] > irrational being irrational1646 1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 16 We live under the Colours of vertue; in other actions we are no more than Irrationals. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xiii. 236 The architectonick Faculty of Animals, especially the Irrationals. 1810 D. Savile Disc. Revel. 280 Infants and irrationals neither have nor can have clear, distinct, and explicit knowledge of Christ. 1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lxi. 239 There is that in progress, which will put down the reign of irrationals whether on four feet or on two. 2. Mathematics. An irrational number or quantity; a surd. (In quot. 1871 applied to a number having no measure but unity, a prime number: cf. incommensurable adj. 1b.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > irrational surd1557 irrationality1570 irrationala1690 heterogeneous1728 transcendence1902 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > prime prime number1570 prime1597 incomposite number1706 irrational1871 primality1908 a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 360 In pursuit of Species, I now come to Irrationals, which in their Operations..follow Surds. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 105 Two incommensurable diameters, i.e. the two first irrationals, 2 and 3. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.?a1500
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