isothermaladj.n.

/ʌɪsəʊˈθəːməl/

Etymology: < French isotherme (see isotherm n.) + -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

1. Of, pertaining to, indicating, or corresponding to equal temperatures.

a. esp. in Physical Geography applied to a line (imaginary or on a map, etc.) connecting places on the earth's surface at which the temperature for a particular period, or (usually) the mean annual temperature, is the same; also to a map or chart exhibiting such lines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [adjective] > temperature

isothermal1826

isothermous1855

isothermic1879

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlix. 484 Fixed by the will of the Creator, rather than..regulated by any isothermal lines.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 106 The lines of equal winter temperature do not coincide with the lines of equal annual heat, or the isothermal lines.

1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. vi. 278 In Europe..51° N. Lat., which corresponds to the same isothermal line as 39° N. Lat. in America.

b. Applied to (imaginary) lines or surfaces of equal heat in a crystal or other body when heated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > lines or surfaces of equal temperature

isothermal1854

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 137 In crystals having two optic axes..if a centre of heat be assumed to exist within, and the crystal to be indefinitely extended in all directions, the isothermal surfaces will be ellipsoids with three unequal axes.

1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §281.

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. i. §11 As the form is invariably found to be either circular or elliptical, the continuous isothermal surface which would result from the maintenance of a given temperature at a point inside a crystal must be either a sphere, a spheroid, or an ellipsoid.

c. Applied to a line in a diagram that represents states or conditions of equal temperature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > line representing states of equal temperature

isothermal1873

isothermic1879

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 311 In the same way we may conceive of lines..of equal temperature... These lines we may also call..isothermal.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 930/1 When a perfect gas expands isothermally PV is constant, and hence its isothermal line on the pressure-volume diagram, for any assigned temperature, is a rectangular hyperbola.

1949 F. Tyler Intermediate Heat vii. 146 The relative slopes of the isothermal and adiabatic curves passing through the point P₁..may be obtained as follows.

2. Occurring at a constant temperature; pertaining to or involving a constancy of temperature with time.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > of constant temperature

isothermal1887

isothermic1936

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 481/1 During isothermal expansion a gas must take in an amount of heat just equal to the work it does.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiii. 231 The isothermal compressibility of a gas may be calculated from an empiric equation expressing the dependence of V upon P at constant temperature.

1957 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 123/2 Under ordinary conditions the adiabatic constants for a solid substance are practically the same as the corresponding isothermal constants.

1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xx. 373 Decisive progress [in the heat-treatment of steel] came only after the development of the technique of isothermal transformation..in which specimens are quenched into a bath of molten lead or salt at some pre-determined temperature and the course of their transformation at this fixed temperature is then determined.

3. Of the same temperature throughout.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > having the same temperature > throughout

isothermal1909

isothermic1963

1909 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1908 591 Permit me to open the discussion on the Isothermal Layer, and the inversions of temperature which are found there.

1912 H. N. Dickson Climate & Weather iii. 77 At heights greater than about nine miles the temperature..remains nearly constant at about −70°F at all levels... In this ‘isothermal layer’..there would seem to be..little movement.

1951 J. A. Hynek Astrophysics xiv. 662 It is possible that at this stage..the star develops a small isothermal core at the center.

1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 71 In winter the fiord water becomes isothermal and isohaline with average temperature and salinity of −1·76°C and 32·75‰.

B. n.

a. An isothermal line or surface; an isotherm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > isothermal line or surface

isothermal1852

isotherm1973

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [noun] > climatic differences > temperature

isothermal1852

isotherm1860

thermo-isopleth1901

1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 1453 The difficulty of dividing this space by convenient isothermals.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 503 The present limit of trees is the isothermal which gives the mean temperature of 50° Fahr. in July, or about the parallel of 67° N. latitude.

1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) II. ii. xxxiii. 231 The planes of the subterranean isothermals or surfaces of equal temperature being thus made to vary.

1875 Academy 21 Aug. 201/1 Professor Mayer describes the method invented by him for obtaining registers of the isothermals on the sun's disc.

b. A line in a diagram that is isothermal (sense A. 1c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > line representing states of equal temperature

isothermal1873

isotherm1895

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 323 In that part of any diagram which represents a mixture of vapor and liquid, the isopiestics and isothermals will be identical, as the pressure is determined by the temperature alone.

1879 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 118 463 In Diagram A, are drawn Isothermals, curves of equal temperature, in which the abscissæ are wave lengths, the ordinates intensities.

1937 P. S. Epstein Textbk. Thermodynamics iii. 49 The slope of the adiabatic (dp/dv = − γp/v) is always steeper than the slope of the isothermal (dp/dv = − p/v) passing through the same point.

1968 Wallace & Linning Basic Engin. Thermodynamics 458 At very low pressures all isothermals tend towards a value of the compressibility function equal to unity, i.e. towards perfect gas behaviour.

Derivatives

isothermobath n.

/aɪsəʊˈθɜːməʊbæθ/ [Greek βάθος depth] a line connecting points of equal temperature at various depths in a vertical section of the sea.

ΚΠ

1876 Sir C. W. Thomson Isothermobath.

isoˈthermous adj. = A.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [adjective] > temperature

isothermal1826

isothermous1855

isothermic1879

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) at Isothermus Isothermous lines do not follow the parallels at the equator.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	isothermal
释义	isothermaladj.n. /ʌɪsəʊˈθəːməl/ Etymology: < French isotherme (see isotherm n.) + -al suffix¹. A. adj. 1. Of, pertaining to, indicating, or corresponding to equal temperatures. a. esp. in Physical Geography applied to a line (imaginary or on a map, etc.) connecting places on the earth's surface at which the temperature for a particular period, or (usually) the mean annual temperature, is the same; also to a map or chart exhibiting such lines. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [adjective] > temperature isothermal1826 isothermous1855 isothermic1879 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlix. 484 Fixed by the will of the Creator, rather than..regulated by any isothermal lines. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 106 The lines of equal winter temperature do not coincide with the lines of equal annual heat, or the isothermal lines. 1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. vi. 278 In Europe..51° N. Lat., which corresponds to the same isothermal line as 39° N. Lat. in America. b. Applied to (imaginary) lines or surfaces of equal heat in a crystal or other body when heated. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > lines or surfaces of equal temperature isothermal1854 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 137 In crystals having two optic axes..if a centre of heat be assumed to exist within, and the crystal to be indefinitely extended in all directions, the isothermal surfaces will be ellipsoids with three unequal axes. 1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §281. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. i. §11 As the form is invariably found to be either circular or elliptical, the continuous isothermal surface which would result from the maintenance of a given temperature at a point inside a crystal must be either a sphere, a spheroid, or an ellipsoid. c. Applied to a line in a diagram that represents states or conditions of equal temperature. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > line representing states of equal temperature isothermal1873 isothermic1879 1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 311 In the same way we may conceive of lines..of equal temperature... These lines we may also call..isothermal. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 930/1 When a perfect gas expands isothermally PV is constant, and hence its isothermal line on the pressure-volume diagram, for any assigned temperature, is a rectangular hyperbola. 1949 F. Tyler Intermediate Heat vii. 146 The relative slopes of the isothermal and adiabatic curves passing through the point P₁..may be obtained as follows. 2. Occurring at a constant temperature; pertaining to or involving a constancy of temperature with time. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > of constant temperature isothermal1887 isothermic1936 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 481/1 During isothermal expansion a gas must take in an amount of heat just equal to the work it does. 1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiii. 231 The isothermal compressibility of a gas may be calculated from an empiric equation expressing the dependence of V upon P at constant temperature. 1957 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 123/2 Under ordinary conditions the adiabatic constants for a solid substance are practically the same as the corresponding isothermal constants. 1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xx. 373 Decisive progress [in the heat-treatment of steel] came only after the development of the technique of isothermal transformation..in which specimens are quenched into a bath of molten lead or salt at some pre-determined temperature and the course of their transformation at this fixed temperature is then determined. 3. Of the same temperature throughout. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [adjective] > having the same temperature > throughout isothermal1909 isothermic1963 1909 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1908 591 Permit me to open the discussion on the Isothermal Layer, and the inversions of temperature which are found there. 1912 H. N. Dickson Climate & Weather iii. 77 At heights greater than about nine miles the temperature..remains nearly constant at about −70°F at all levels... In this ‘isothermal layer’..there would seem to be..little movement. 1951 J. A. Hynek Astrophysics xiv. 662 It is possible that at this stage..the star develops a small isothermal core at the center. 1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 71 In winter the fiord water becomes isothermal and isohaline with average temperature and salinity of −1·76°C and 32·75‰. B. n. a. An isothermal line or surface; an isotherm. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > isothermal line or surface isothermal1852 isotherm1973 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [noun] > climatic differences > temperature isothermal1852 isotherm1860 thermo-isopleth1901 1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 1453 The difficulty of dividing this space by convenient isothermals. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 503 The present limit of trees is the isothermal which gives the mean temperature of 50° Fahr. in July, or about the parallel of 67° N. latitude. 1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) II. ii. xxxiii. 231 The planes of the subterranean isothermals or surfaces of equal temperature being thus made to vary. 1875 Academy 21 Aug. 201/1 Professor Mayer describes the method invented by him for obtaining registers of the isothermals on the sun's disc. b. A line in a diagram that is isothermal (sense A. 1c). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > line representing states of equal temperature isothermal1873 isotherm1895 1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 323 In that part of any diagram which represents a mixture of vapor and liquid, the isopiestics and isothermals will be identical, as the pressure is determined by the temperature alone. 1879 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 118 463 In Diagram A, are drawn Isothermals, curves of equal temperature, in which the abscissæ are wave lengths, the ordinates intensities. 1937 P. S. Epstein Textbk. Thermodynamics iii. 49 The slope of the adiabatic (dp/dv = − γp/v) is always steeper than the slope of the isothermal (dp/dv = − p/v) passing through the same point. 1968 Wallace & Linning Basic Engin. Thermodynamics 458 At very low pressures all isothermals tend towards a value of the compressibility function equal to unity, i.e. towards perfect gas behaviour. Derivatives isothermobath n. /aɪsəʊˈθɜːməʊbæθ/ [Greek βάθος depth] a line connecting points of equal temperature at various depths in a vertical section of the sea. ΚΠ 1876 Sir C. W. Thomson Isothermobath. isoˈthermous adj. = A. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [adjective] > temperature isothermal1826 isothermous1855 isothermic1879 1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) at Isothermus Isothermous lines do not follow the parallels at the equator. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1826
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