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单词 joust
释义

joustn.

Brit. /dʒaʊst/, U.S. /dʒaʊst/
Forms: Middle English ioust, 1600s– joust; Middle English–1600s iust, 1600s– just, (1500s–1800s giust).
Etymology: < Old French juste, joste, jouste, French joute, < juster , etc. joust v. For the spelling and pronunciation, see joust v.
1.
a. A combat in which two knights or men-at-arms on horseback encountered each other with lances; spec. a combat of this kind for exercise or sport; a tilt. Usually in plural jousts, justs, a series of such encounters, as a spectacular display; a tournament.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament
tournament?c1225
joust1297
tourney13..
justeningc1400
tournament of warc1400
inturnementc1440
tilt1511
jostle1607
tilting?1617
hippomachia1623
carousel1650
fortuny1676
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2898 Vor þer nas so god kniȝt non..Þat in ioustes ssolde sitte þe dunt of is lance.
c1320 Sir Beues (A.) 3785 And to þe iustes þai gonne ride.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 10 Whanne lordis ben fro hom in werris, in iustis.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxi. 62 I was a yonge knyght and hauntyd the iustes and tornoys.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3 For knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. ii. 52 What newes from Oxford, do these iusts & triump hs [sic] hold? View more context for this quotation
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 192 Right joyfull..to light on by the way so solemne jousts.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 389 After a Just & Turnament of severall young Gentlemen upon a formal Defy.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xv. 191 Great justs were made: the French King himself justing.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Just, mock encounter on horseback; tilt; tournament. Joust is more proper.
1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad 330 At just and tournay with the tilted lance.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 113 The just was a separate trial of skill, when only one man was opposed to another.
1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xiv. 36 Seldom hath pass'd a week, but giust Or feat of arms befell.
1830 G. P. R. James Darnley II. viii. 167 Just after just, tourney after tourney.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xi. 45 The knights..defied one another to jousts and tourneys.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 29 Down to the meadow where the jousts were held.
figurative.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 455 Lesse power-full in the Paphian Iouste For Propagation.1846 H. Rogers Ess. I. iv. 203 He entered the lists in those intellectual jousts, as they may be called.
b. plural as singular. A tournament. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 50 Coming fro..Ierico To a iustes in iherusalem.
1533 Fabyans Cronycle (new ed.) II. f. ccxxxii Chief chalengeour, at a royall iustyce & turney.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 303 The king did holde a royall Iustes in Smithfielde in London.
1593 G. Peele Honovr of Garter sig. B1v As if the God of warre, Had held a Iusts in honour of his loue.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 33 They would publish a solemne Justs to be holden at Oxford.
2. Applied to the ancient Grecian games. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > large or public event > [noun] > celebratory games
jousta1387
game1531
gaming1564
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > series of, as public spectacle > in ancient world
jousta1387
tournamenta1387
tourney1485
game1531
gaming1564
agon1592
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 37 Olympades, þat beeþ þe tymes of here iustis and tornementis.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 2 Macc. iv. 18 Whanne iustus, doon oonys in fyue ȝeer, was maad solempli in Tire.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

joustv.

Brit. /dʒaʊst/, U.S. /dʒaʊst/
Forms: Middle English–1600s iust(e, Middle English–1600s ioust(e, (Middle English youst, yust, iowst, iost, 1500s iuyst), 1600s– just, joust.
Etymology: < Old French juster (11th cent.), joster (12th cent.), jouster (13th cent.) = Provençal justar, jostar, Spanish justar, Portuguese justar, Italian giostrare < late popular Latin juxtāre to approach, come together, meet, < juxtā near together. The sense ‘approach, join’, remained in Old French. The historical English spelling from the 13th cent. is just: compare the cognate adjust < Latin adjuxtāre. Under later French influence, joust was used sometimes by Gower, Caxton, Spenser, and Milton, was preferred by Johnson, and used by Scott, and is now more frequent; but the pronunciation remained as in the historical spelling; the pronunciation /dʒaʊst/ (formerly /dʒuːst/) is recent, and suggested by the spelling joust.
1. (?) To join, to ally oneself. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (intransitive)]
jousta1325
ally?a1400
joinc1400
associe1441
confederc1460
to stick together1525
band1530
to join forces1560
colleaguec1565
alliance1569
to enter league1578
unite1579
interleague1590
confederate1591
to join hands1598
combine1608
injointa1616
combinda1626
bandy1633
comply1646
federate1648
leaguea1649
associate1653
coalesce1657
to understand each other1663
sociate1688
to row in the same (also in one) boat1787
rendezvous1817
to make common cause (with)1845
to sing the same song1846
cahoot1857
to gang up1910
jungle1922
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1589 Esau wifuede us to dere, Quan he iusted & beð-somat Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat.
2. intransitive. To join battle, encounter, engage; esp. to fight on horseback as a knight or man-at-arms.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle
to come togetherOE
to lay togetherc1275
smitec1275
to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297
joustc1330
meetc1330
copec1350
assemblea1375
semblea1375
coup?a1400
to fight togethera1400
strikea1400
joinc1400
to join the battle1455
to commit battle?a1475
rencounter1497
to set ina1500
to pitch a battlea1513
concura1522
rescounter1543
scontre1545
journey1572
shock1575
yoke1581
to give in1610
mix1697
to engage a combat1855
to run (or ride) a-tilt1862
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4379 Knyghte iustede, archers drowe On boþe parties fol manie þey slowe.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 105 I wil kuþe on hem my miȝt & dyngen hem al to douste. Wheþer þay wille on fote fiȝt ouþer on horse iouste.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21910 Mikil leuer war him to here Hu roland iuste [Gött. iusted], and oliue[re].
c1440 Bone Flor. 459 Fyfty of them issewed owte, For to juste in werre.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 583 And all who since, Baptiz'd or Infidel Jousted in Aspramont or Montalban. View more context for this quotation
3.
a. spec. To engage in a joust or tournament; to run at tilt with lances on horseback.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > joust or tilt [verb (intransitive)]
playeOE
bourdisec1320
joustc1330
copec1350
tourney1390
coup?a1400
joustenc1400
to joust of warc1400
to run togetherc1410
bourda1500
to fight at barriers1532
runa1533
to run at (the) tilt1548
jostle1580
tilt1595
to break a treea1600
to run (or ride) a-tilt1608
to run tilt1831
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 872 Oȝaines sir Gij þer come Gayer, To iuste wiþ him he drouȝ him ner.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 63 To se..The lusti folk iouste and tourneie.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1628 Al that monday Iusten they and daunce.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. bviijv/2 Sende to Iuste ayenst me somme of thy barons.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 32 They Iousted moche worthyly, but Reynawde iousted beste vpon his horse bayarde.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxv The kyng..in his owne person Iusted to all comers.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles v. 152 There are Princes and Knights come from all partes of the World, to Iust and Turney for her loue. View more context for this quotation
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To joust and to just.
1783 J. Hoole tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso III. xxvi. 524 Every chief..He call'd to joust, and dar'd them to the field.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) ix. 338 I saw, methought, a pair of Knights Joust underneath the trees.
1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 326 Knights, who vowed to joust without helmet or shield.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. viii. 261 Not justing with his lance as in a mimic tourney.
b. With adverbial accusative.
ΚΠ
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Essex 330 An English-man challenged any of the French, to just a course or two on horse-back with him.
4. In various figurative applications. (In quot. 1639, To copulate.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse
playOE
to do (also work) one's kindc1225
bedc1315
couple1362
gendera1382
to go togetherc1390
to come togethera1398
meddlea1398
felterc1400
companya1425
swivec1440
japea1450
mellc1450
to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474
engender1483
fuck?a1513
conversec1540
jostlec1540
confederate1557
coeate1576
jumble1582
mate1589
do1594
conjoin1597
grind1598
consortc1600
pair1603
to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608
commix1610
cock1611
nibble1611
wap1611
bolstera1616
incorporate1622
truck1622
subagitate1623
occupya1626
minglec1630
copulate1632
fere1632
rut1637
joust1639
fanfreluche1653
carnalize1703
screw1725
pump1730
correspond1756
shag1770
hump1785
conjugate1790
diddle1879
to get some1889
fuckeec1890
jig-a-jig1896
perform1902
rabbit1919
jazz1920
sex1921
root1922
yentz1923
to make love1927
rock1931
mollock1932
to make (beautiful) music (together)1936
sleep1936
bang1937
lumber1938
to hop into bed (with)1951
to make out1951
ball1955
score1960
trick1965
to have it away1966
to roll in the hay1966
to get down1967
poontang1968
pork1968
shtup1969
shack1976
bonk1984
boink1985
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 133 He iugged til a iustice and iusted in his ere, And ouertilte al his treathe.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 46 Lyik tua gait buckis iustand contrar vthirs.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 18 Auster and Boreas iousting furiously Vnder hot Cancer.
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 139 So fare these Miners; whom I pitty must, That their bright Valours should so darkly ioust.
1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. ii. 51 His justing (howsoever without fruit)..is but once only in the whole course of his life.
1824 Ld. Byron Deformed Transformed i. ii The lion and his tusky rebels..brought to joust In the arena.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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