jetsamn.

Brit.

/ˈdʒɛts(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɛtsəm/

Forms: late Middle English– jetson, 1500s jottsome, 1600s ietsam, 1600s ietson, 1600s iotsone, 1600s jetsen, 1600s jettson, 1600s jetzon, 1600s jotsom, 1600s jotson, 1600s jotsum, 1600s– jetsam, 1700s jetsoe, 1800s– jetsom, 1800s– jetsome, 1800s– jetsum.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: jettison n.

Etymology: Originally a variant (with elision of the unstressed medial vowel) of jettison n., with specific semantic development, influenced by association with flotsam n. (which is first attested slightly later). The form with loss of medial vowel is apparently not attested in French (neither in insular, continental, nor Law French; the form ietsam in quot. 1600 at sense 1b, though occurring in a Law French context, probably shows an isolated adoption of the English noun), nor is the sense ‘goods thrown overboard’ (rather than ‘action of throwing goods overboard’). The fuller form jettison having been restored in use in sense 1b, jetsam remains as the accepted form in senses 1a and 2.The specification of the goods as ‘washed ashore’ is found as early as quot. 1570, having apparently originated from taking the word as ‘something which is thrown or cast ashore by the sea’, although it is directly opposed to the Law French definition in quot. 1600 at sense 1b and its translation in quot. 1641 at sense 1b. Spelman and Blackstone took the meaning as ‘merchandise thrown overboard and sunk in the sea’. Both explanations evidently arose from the attempt to distinguish jetsam from flotsam n., in the phrase flotsam and jetsam.

1. Originally and chiefly in maritime law.

a. Goods discarded from a ship and washed ashore; spec. such material thrown overboard in order to lighten a vessel. Also: goods washed overboard during a storm or shipwreck. Frequently in flotsam and jetsam (see flotsam n. 1). Cf. lagan n., waveson n.In quot. 1570 the word is apparently used as a postmodifying adjective.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > flotsam or jetsam

shipwreck?a1100

wreke1420

wrecka1425

wrack1428

jetsam1491

waveson1526

wrake1544

sea-wracks1548

water1552

wracksa1586

flotsam1607

wrack-goods1671

floatage1672

wreck-goods1693

jettison1708

wreck-wood1821

wreckages1864

society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > cargo > cargo cast out to be later retrieved

jetsam1491

lagan1641

1491 T. Banyard tr. Olde Bk. Lawes & Customes Yermouth in H. Swinden Hist. & Antiq. Great Yarmouth (1772) 147 As to Jetson, ther ys recoverer, yf the godes be chaced to the lond; and fresh sute after be therof made.

1570 in W. Boys Coll. for Hist. Sandwich (1792) 775 [The third part of all] wrecks and fyndalls floating, and the half of all wrecks and fyndalls jottsome, viz. dryuen to the londe yshore.

1591 Articles conc. Admiralty 21 July §6 Any ship, yron, leade, or other goods floating or lying under the water or in the depth, of which there is no possessor or owner, which commonly are called Flotzon, Jetson, and Lagon.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg1/1 Ietson is a thing cast out of the shippe being in daunger of wrecke, and beaten to the shore by the waters, or cast on the shore by the marriners.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Jetsen, Jetzon, and Jotson..Is any thing cast out of a Ship, being in danger of Wreck, and driven to the Shore by the Waves.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Jetson or Jetsam, that which being cast over board in a time of Shipwrack, is found lying on the shore, and so belongs to the Lord, as Flotson is that which is espied floating on the Sea.

1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Jetson, Jetsoe, Jetsam,..that which being cast overboard in the Time of Shipwreck, is found cast upon the Shore.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. viii. 282 If they continue at sea, the law distinguishes them by the..appellations of jetsam, flotsam, and ligan. Jetsam is where goods are cast into the sea, and there sink and remain under water.

1840 R. G. Latham Norway, & Norwegians I. xxi. 260 The people are a very good kind of people, and..live, like Christians, upon flotsam and jetsam, by pillaging wrecked vessels.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Jetsam, Jettison, or Jetson, goods or other things which having been cast overboard in a storm, or, after shipwreck, are thrown upon the shore.

1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. iii. 139 These [things already done] are forgiven..And range with jetsam and with offal thrown Into the blind sea of forgetfulness.

1894 Act 57 & 58 Vict. c. 60 §510 In this Part of this Act..‘wreck’ includes jetsam, flotsam, lagan, and derelict found in or on the shores of the sea or any tidal water.

1936 ‘J. Tey’ Shilling for Candles i. 2 Potticary moved over to the cliff edge to see what jetsam the tide..had left for them to quarrel over.

1945 N. Streatfeild Saplings xxi. 92 The appalling war situation had swept over her and she had felt as if she were a piece of jetsam bashed by the tide.

2001 Times 7 Mar. ii. 7/5 Most of us, if shipwrecked, would immediately start sifting the jetsam for our Jimmy Choos.

†b. The throwing of goods overboard; = jettison n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [noun] > throwing goods overboard

jettison1426

jetsam1641

jettisoning1863

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [noun] > damage limitation operations

jettison1426

laving1457

jetsam1641

bailing1682

fothering1769

baling1856

1600 E. Coke Les Reports v. 106 b Ietsam est quant le nief est in perill d'être merge et pur disburden le niefe les biens sont iects in le mere..et nul de ceux byens que sont appelles Ietsam Flotsam ou Lagan sont appeles wreck cy longe come ils remain in ou sur la mere, mais si ascun de eux sont mise al terre per le mere, donques ils seront dit wreck.]

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 187^v Ietsam is when a Ship is in perill to be drowned, and to disburden the Ship the Mariners cast the goods into the sea,..but if any of them are driven to land by the sea, there they shall bee said wrecke, and passe by the graunt of wrecke.

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 55 Whatever the Master of a Ship in Distress..deliberately resolves to do..in throwing Goods overboard to lighten his Vessel, which is what is meant by Jettison or Jetson.

1839 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. I. 544/1 Jettison or Jetsam, is the casting out of a vessel, from necessity, a part of the lading; the thing cast out also bears the same name.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 335/2 Jactus mercium (a throwing away of goods), jetsam.

2. In extended use. Something washed up or discarded; refuse, detritus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun]

wrakea1350

outcastingc1350

rammel1370

rubble1376

mullockc1390

refusec1390

filtha1398

outcasta1398

chaff?a1400

rubbishc1400

wastec1430

drossc1440

raff?1440

rascal1440

murgeonc1450

wrack1472

gear1489

garblec1503

scowl1538

raffle1543

baggage1549

garbage1549

peltry1550

gubbins?1553

lastage1553

scruff1559

retraict1575

ross1577

riddings1584

ket1586

scouring1588

pelf1589

offal1598

rummage1598

dog's meat1606

retriment1615

spitling1620

recrement1622

mundungus1637

sordes1640

muskings1649

rejectament1654

offscouring1655

brat1656

relicts1687

offage1727

litter1730

rejectamenta1795

outwale1825

detritus1834

junk1836

wastements1843

croke1847–78

sculch1847

debris1851

rumble1854

flotsam1861

jetsam1861

pelt1880

offcasting1893

rubbishry1894

littering1897

muckings1898

wastage1898

dreck1905

bruck1929

crap1934

garbo1953

clobber1965

dooky1965

grot1971

tippings-

1861 All Year Round 1 June 235/1 The turkey buzzards were searching for flotson and jetson in the shape of dead Irish deck hands.

1878 N. Amer. Rev. 126 486 The personal or factional dissentions within the Republican party..are the mere flotsam and jetsam thrown up by the self-moving Gulf-Stream of Republican destiny.

1898 Daily News 18 Apr. 5/1 What a line of flotsam and jetsam it is!..that mass of human wreckage.

1900 Daily News 7 Apr. 8/2 His line of retirement..was marked for miles by the jetsam of a hurried retreat—bags of flour, mealies, bran, and odds and ends of all sorts.

1925 L. O'Flaherty Informer viii. 118 They were the riff-raff and the jetsam of the slums.

1997 City Paper (Baltimore) 4 June 27/3 The imposing beast is cobbled together out of 20th-century jetsam: license plates, Kewpie dolls, Bart Simpson trinkets, McDonald's and Disney plasti-crap.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	jetsam
释义	jetsamn. Brit. /ˈdʒɛts(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈdʒɛtsəm/ Forms: late Middle English– jetson, 1500s jottsome, 1600s ietsam, 1600s ietson, 1600s iotsone, 1600s jetsen, 1600s jettson, 1600s jetzon, 1600s jotsom, 1600s jotson, 1600s jotsum, 1600s– jetsam, 1700s jetsoe, 1800s– jetsom, 1800s– jetsome, 1800s– jetsum. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: jettison n. Etymology: Originally a variant (with elision of the unstressed medial vowel) of jettison n., with specific semantic development, influenced by association with flotsam n. (which is first attested slightly later). The form with loss of medial vowel is apparently not attested in French (neither in insular, continental, nor Law French; the form ietsam in quot. 1600 at sense 1b, though occurring in a Law French context, probably shows an isolated adoption of the English noun), nor is the sense ‘goods thrown overboard’ (rather than ‘action of throwing goods overboard’). The fuller form jettison having been restored in use in sense 1b, jetsam remains as the accepted form in senses 1a and 2.The specification of the goods as ‘washed ashore’ is found as early as quot. 1570, having apparently originated from taking the word as ‘something which is thrown or cast ashore by the sea’, although it is directly opposed to the Law French definition in quot. 1600 at sense 1b and its translation in quot. 1641 at sense 1b. Spelman and Blackstone took the meaning as ‘merchandise thrown overboard and sunk in the sea’. Both explanations evidently arose from the attempt to distinguish jetsam from flotsam n., in the phrase flotsam and jetsam. 1. Originally and chiefly in maritime law. a. Goods discarded from a ship and washed ashore; spec. such material thrown overboard in order to lighten a vessel. Also: goods washed overboard during a storm or shipwreck. Frequently in flotsam and jetsam (see flotsam n. 1). Cf. lagan n., waveson n.In quot. 1570 the word is apparently used as a postmodifying adjective. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > flotsam or jetsam shipwreck?a1100 wreke1420 wrecka1425 wrack1428 jetsam1491 waveson1526 wrake1544 sea-wracks1548 water1552 wracksa1586 flotsam1607 wrack-goods1671 floatage1672 wreck-goods1693 jettison1708 wreck-wood1821 wreckages1864 society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > cargo > cargo cast out to be later retrieved jetsam1491 lagan1641 1491 T. Banyard tr. Olde Bk. Lawes & Customes Yermouth in H. Swinden Hist. & Antiq. Great Yarmouth (1772) 147 As to Jetson, ther ys recoverer, yf the godes be chaced to the lond; and fresh sute after be therof made. 1570 in W. Boys Coll. for Hist. Sandwich (1792) 775 [The third part of all] wrecks and fyndalls floating, and the half of all wrecks and fyndalls jottsome, viz. dryuen to the londe yshore. 1591 Articles conc. Admiralty 21 July §6 Any ship, yron, leade, or other goods floating or lying under the water or in the depth, of which there is no possessor or owner, which commonly are called Flotzon, Jetson, and Lagon. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg1/1 Ietson is a thing cast out of the shippe being in daunger of wrecke, and beaten to the shore by the waters, or cast on the shore by the marriners. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Jetsen, Jetzon, and Jotson..Is any thing cast out of a Ship, being in danger of Wreck, and driven to the Shore by the Waves. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Jetson or Jetsam, that which being cast over board in a time of Shipwrack, is found lying on the shore, and so belongs to the Lord, as Flotson is that which is espied floating on the Sea. 1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Jetson, Jetsoe, Jetsam,..that which being cast overboard in the Time of Shipwreck, is found cast upon the Shore. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. viii. 282 If they continue at sea, the law distinguishes them by the..appellations of jetsam, flotsam, and ligan. Jetsam is where goods are cast into the sea, and there sink and remain under water. 1840 R. G. Latham Norway, & Norwegians I. xxi. 260 The people are a very good kind of people, and..live, like Christians, upon flotsam and jetsam, by pillaging wrecked vessels. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Jetsam, Jettison, or Jetson, goods or other things which having been cast overboard in a storm, or, after shipwreck, are thrown upon the shore. 1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. iii. 139 These [things already done] are forgiven..And range with jetsam and with offal thrown Into the blind sea of forgetfulness. 1894 Act 57 & 58 Vict. c. 60 §510 In this Part of this Act..‘wreck’ includes jetsam, flotsam, lagan, and derelict found in or on the shores of the sea or any tidal water. 1936 ‘J. Tey’ Shilling for Candles i. 2 Potticary moved over to the cliff edge to see what jetsam the tide..had left for them to quarrel over. 1945 N. Streatfeild Saplings xxi. 92 The appalling war situation had swept over her and she had felt as if she were a piece of jetsam bashed by the tide. 2001 Times 7 Mar. ii. 7/5 Most of us, if shipwrecked, would immediately start sifting the jetsam for our Jimmy Choos. †b. The throwing of goods overboard; = jettison n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [noun] > throwing goods overboard jettison1426 jetsam1641 jettisoning1863 society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [noun] > damage limitation operations jettison1426 laving1457 jetsam1641 bailing1682 fothering1769 baling1856 1600 E. Coke Les Reports v. 106 b Ietsam est quant le nief est in perill d'être merge et pur disburden le niefe les biens sont iects in le mere..et nul de ceux byens que sont appelles Ietsam Flotsam ou Lagan sont appeles wreck cy longe come ils remain in ou sur la mere, mais si ascun de eux sont mise al terre per le mere, donques ils seront dit wreck.] 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 187^v Ietsam is when a Ship is in perill to be drowned, and to disburden the Ship the Mariners cast the goods into the sea,..but if any of them are driven to land by the sea, there they shall bee said wrecke, and passe by the graunt of wrecke. 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 55 Whatever the Master of a Ship in Distress..deliberately resolves to do..in throwing Goods overboard to lighten his Vessel, which is what is meant by Jettison or Jetson. 1839 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. I. 544/1 Jettison or Jetsam, is the casting out of a vessel, from necessity, a part of the lading; the thing cast out also bears the same name. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 335/2 Jactus mercium (a throwing away of goods), jetsam. 2. In extended use. Something washed up or discarded; refuse, detritus. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] wrakea1350 outcastingc1350 rammel1370 rubble1376 mullockc1390 refusec1390 filtha1398 outcasta1398 chaff?a1400 rubbishc1400 wastec1430 drossc1440 raff?1440 rascal1440 murgeonc1450 wrack1472 gear1489 garblec1503 scowl1538 raffle1543 baggage1549 garbage1549 peltry1550 gubbins?1553 lastage1553 scruff1559 retraict1575 ross1577 riddings1584 ket1586 scouring1588 pelf1589 offal1598 rummage1598 dog's meat1606 retriment1615 spitling1620 recrement1622 mundungus1637 sordes1640 muskings1649 rejectament1654 offscouring1655 brat1656 relicts1687 offage1727 litter1730 rejectamenta1795 outwale1825 detritus1834 junk1836 wastements1843 croke1847–78 sculch1847 debris1851 rumble1854 flotsam1861 jetsam1861 pelt1880 offcasting1893 rubbishry1894 littering1897 muckings1898 wastage1898 dreck1905 bruck1929 crap1934 garbo1953 clobber1965 dooky1965 grot1971 tippings- 1861 All Year Round 1 June 235/1 The turkey buzzards were searching for flotson and jetson in the shape of dead Irish deck hands. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. 126 486 The personal or factional dissentions within the Republican party..are the mere flotsam and jetsam thrown up by the self-moving Gulf-Stream of Republican destiny. 1898 Daily News 18 Apr. 5/1 What a line of flotsam and jetsam it is!..that mass of human wreckage. 1900 Daily News 7 Apr. 8/2 His line of retirement..was marked for miles by the jetsam of a hurried retreat—bags of flour, mealies, bran, and odds and ends of all sorts. 1925 L. O'Flaherty Informer viii. 118 They were the riff-raff and the jetsam of the slums. 1997 City Paper (Baltimore) 4 June 27/3 The imposing beast is cobbled together out of 20th-century jetsam: license plates, Kewpie dolls, Bart Simpson trinkets, McDonald's and Disney plasti-crap. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1491
随便看	overhaving overhead overhead cam overhead camshaft overhead projector overhead transparency overhead valve overheadiness overheads overheady overheal overhealer overheap overheaped overheaping overheaps overhear overheard overhearer overhearing overhears overheat overheated overheating overheats