请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 janissary
释义

janissaryn.

Brit. /ˈdʒanᵻs(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈdʒænəˌsɛri/
Forms: α. 1500s genysarie, genezarie, giannizarie, ienesarie, ianessarie, ianitsarie, ianitzarie, 1500s–1600s genis-, ianis(s-, ianiz(z-, ienis-arie, 1600s janazary, 1600s– janisary, janissary, janizary. β. 1500s ianniz-, ianis-, giannizz-er, 1500s–1600s ianizer(e, ianizar(e, 1600s–1700s janisar, 1600s– janizar. γ. 1700s yeane-sherre, yenesherre, 1800s yanizari.
Etymology: Ultimately < Turkish yeṅi-tsheri, < yeṅi new, modern + tsheri soldiery, militia. Variously adopted in European languages, e.g. 15–16th cent. Latin Ienizari, Ianizari, Italian ianizzero, giannizzero (plural -eri), Spanish genizaro, Portuguese janizaro, French janissaire (in 15th cent. jainusere), German janitschar, Dutch janitsaar. The English forms reflect the Latin, Italian, Spanish, or French channels, through which they were derived; the attempt to represent the Turkish word directly was rare. N.E.D. (1900) enters this under the double headword janizary, janissary and gives the pronunciations (dʒæ·nizări, yæ·ni-) /ˈdʒænɪzərɪ/, /ˈjænɪ-/.
1. One of a former body of Turkish infantry, constituting the Sultan's guard and the main part of the standing army. The body was first organized in the 14th century, and was composed mainly of tributary children of Christians; after a large number of them had been massacred in 1826, the organization was finally abolished.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific
Yeoman of the Guard1485
solak1520
janissary1529
Mameluke1531
praetorian1592
trabant1617
beefeater1671
bostangi1686
mousquetaire1706
drabant1707
protector1781
Varangian1788
Papal Zouave1864
greenfinch1865
α.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. xv. X ij a/2 Mammolukes & genysaryes about ye turke and sowdeyn.
1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 36v Vpon the death of Mahomethe, the Gianizzaries marched wyth all spede to Constantinople.
1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xxxix. 87 As his Ienesaries are instructed al too Heathenly.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxiv. 65 b The Sarail of the Azamoglans or Ianissaries.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 432 Being aduertised..of the valure of a yong Ianitsarie.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 770 The Pretorian souldiours (who were to the emperors as the Ianitzaries are to the Turke).
1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxv. 107 The Janizaries..compos'd partly of Tributary Children, and partly of voluntary Renegades.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Feb. (1965) I. 305 We were met..by an Aga of the Janisarys.
1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xi. 241 The new militia of the janissaries was, at the same time, the best infantry in Europe.
1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 343 The place called the At Midan is memorable in recent history for the slaughter of the janizaries.
β. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxxiv Thei were firste robbed of the Ianizeres, and..shamfully slain.1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 11v The Liefetenant of Mustafa, and ye Aga of ye Giannizzers.1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. iv. 30 Then fals to praise the hardy Ianizar, That sucks his horse side thirsting in the warre.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Ianizzeri, the Turkes gard, Ianizers.1713 London Gaz. No. 5106/1 The Janisar Aga..went to the King.1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 14 The Janizars Clamour for pay.γ. 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vii. 73 They are all Yeane-Sherres, or, Janizaries, i.e. Soldiers.1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans ix. 160 The Cull Ougles, that is, the Sons of the Yenesherres, or Soldiers.
2. By extension, any Turkish soldier; esp. one of an escort for travellers in the East.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > Turkish
janissary1615
Arnaut1717
Johnny Turk1836
Johnny1854
Abdul1870
1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 3 Trauellers..become as poore wretched slaues subject to all injuries..from which their very Ianisaries and Gardes cannot alwayes defend them.
1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 130 He may go to Venice, where he may agree with a Janizary to conduct him in company of a Caravan all the way through the Continent of Greece as farre as Constantinople.
1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xxii. 82 Our janizary was unwilling to go then.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 142 The traveller whose janissary flogs them.
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. vi. 108 Eva..mounted her horse;..before whom marched her janissary armed to the teeth.
3. In various allusive and figurative uses, from preceding senses.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads
way-witterc1275
leadera1300
lodesmanc1300
predecessora1325
guide1362
duistre1393
conduct1423
way-leaderc1450
guiderc1475
conductor1481
leadsmanc1510
janissary1565
Palinurus1567
forerunner1576
convoy1581
mercury1592
pilota1635
accompanier1753
runner1867
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun]
followereOE
youngereOE
retenantc1390
suitora1398
waitera1500
retainer1508
pursuivant1513
villein1534
consequent1550
backmanc1560
janissary1565
jackman1566
hensure1568
belonger1577
lackey1588
sequent1598
pedissequant1607
henchman1754
gesith1861
ministerialis1888
a.
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare Pref. sig. * Sutche eloquence might better becomme some of your yonger Iannizers.
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 32 Being not much behinde in the check-roule of his Ianissaries and contributories, with Eagle-soaring Bullingbrooke.
1663 J. Heath Flagellum (1672) 145 Volleys of Acclamations, were given at the close of this mock solemnity, by Cromwel's Janizaries.
1679 Established Test 26 The Romish Janizaries are the tribute Children of all Europe.
1810 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 153 The shipping interest, commercial interest, and their janizaries of the navy.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 581 The King had now at his command a body of Janissaries..ready to carry out his personal will.
b.1612 T. Lavender Trav. Certaine Englishmen Pref. C j b The heauenly Ierusalem..Iesus Christ being our Pilot and Ienisarie to conduct vs thereunto.1659 D. Pell Πελαγος To Rdr. sig. d4 (note) Let this Epistle bee thy Janisary, or Pole-star to the perusal of this book.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.
ΚΠ
1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. xvi. 121 Monks, Fryers, and Secular Priests, with his Janizary Jesuits.
1812 R. Wilson Private Diary I. 123 Even under Janissary prejudice and despotism civilization is advancing.
C2.
janizary music n. [German janitscharenmusik] = Turkish music n. at Turkish adj. and n. Compounds 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > Turkish music
janizary music1888
1888 F. Moscheles tr. Mendelssohn Lett. 54 He must have a cradle song with drums and trumpets and janissary music.
1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 106 Drum and triangle (for Janissary music).
1922 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Introd. Lect. Psycho-anal. 75 The little bells, shaken violently, begin their familiar janizary music.
janizary pedal n. a pedal attached to some old pianofortes, etc., having an arrangement of drums and cymbals connected with it, by which a sound as of martial music was produced.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > pedal > other pedals
sustaining pedal1879
janizary pedal1900
1900 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 May 4/2 Even Mozart condescended to employ the ‘Janissary pedal’ in one or two of his sonatas.

Derivatives

janizaˈresque adj. in the style of a janizary.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [adjective] > bodyguard spec.
janizarian1796
janizaresque1835
1835 New Monthly Mag. 45 5 A most trenchant and janissaresque style of handling his cleaver.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.1529
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/24 7:23:53