Jewn.

Brit.

/dʒuː/, U.S.

/dʒu/

Forms: Middle English Geu, Middle English Giew, Middle English Giu, Middle English Giv, Middle English Giw, Middle English Giwe, Middle English Gyew, Middle English Gyu, Middle English Gyv, Middle English Gyw, Middle English Gywe, Middle English Ȝew, Middle English Ieuȝ, Middle English Ieuh, Middle English Ieuu, Middle English Ieuw, Middle English Ieve, Middle English Ihew, Middle English Iou, Middle English Iow, Middle English Iowe, Middle English Iu, Middle English Iuu, Middle English Iuw, Middle English Iuwe, Middle English Iv, Middle English Ive, Middle English Iy, Middle English Jeow, Middle English Jeu, Middle English Jev, Middle English Jewh, Middle English Jewyis (plural), Middle English Jove, Middle English Ju, Middle English Juu, Middle English Juw, Middle English Juwe, Middle English Jve, Middle English Jw, Middle English Yew, Middle English–1500s Ieu, Middle English–1500s Iue, Middle English–1500s Iwe, Middle English–1500s Jowe, Middle English–1600s Iew, Middle English–1600s Iewe, Middle English–1600s Jewe, Middle English–1600s Jue, Middle English–1600s Jwe, Middle English– Jew, 1500s Juy; Scottish pre-1700 Ieu, pre-1700 Iou, pre-1700 Iow, pre-1700 Iue, pre-1700 Jeu, pre-1700 Jewe, pre-1700 Jow, pre-1700 Jowe, pre-1700 1700s– Jew. N.E.D. (1900) also records a form late Middle English Ieue.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French jeu, jew.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman giu, giue, giw, jeu, jew, ju, jueu, etc., Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French jue (Middle French, French juif : see below) member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism (c1000), (in extended use) moneylender (late 13th cent.) < classical Latin Iūdaeus Jewish (ultimately < Aramaic yĕhūḏāyi inhabitant of Judaea, Jew: see Judaean adj.). Compare earlier Judew n. and also Old English Iūdēas , Iūdan (both plural) Jews (see Judeish adj. and n.).Compare Old Occitan juzieu (end of the 12th cent.), Spanish judío (a1207), Catalan jueu , Portuguese judeu , Italian giudeo (all 13th cent.). Compare also the Germanic forms cited at Judeish adj. and n. With the regular phonological development of the ending of Latin Iūdaeus in Old French, compare Anglo-Norman and Old French dieu God (see depardieu int.), ebreu Hebrew n., and also early Anglo-Norman and Old French forms such as juieu , juiu , jueu . The French form juif (noun and adjective) shows an analogical formation on the feminine juive Jewish woman (late 12th cent.); a similar development is reflected in antif old, of great age (see etymological note at antique adj.). Plural forms. In early use weak -n plural forms are attested alongside the strong -s plural forms. In Middle English genitive plural forms in -n are also common (as e.g. in quot. c1449 at sense 1a). Specific senses. For the semantic motivation of senses 1b and 2, see the note at sense 1b. With sense 2b compare slightly earlier Jewing n.³ and the etymological note at that entry. In sense 3 short for jewfish n. Early use as surname. Also attested early as a surname, e.g. Johannes le Jeu (1241), Galfridus le Gyw (1270), Reykynt le Ju (1287–8), although it is unclear whether such very early uses are to be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. Self-designation of Jewish people. In pre-exilic times the ancient Hebrew people referred to themselves as ʿiḇrī Hebrew n. or bĕnē Yiśrāēl , literally ’sons of Israel’ or ‘children of Israel’ (see etymological note at child n.). The self-designation yĕhūḏī (plural yĕhūḏīm ) was first adopted after the return from the Babylonian Exile. It occurs over 70 times in the Old Testament and Hebrew Scriptures, but only in parts with a composition date no earlier than the time of the Babylonian Exile (earliest in 2 Kings); it is < Yĕhūḏāh , the Hebrew form of the name of the patriarch Judah (see Judas n.) + -ī -i suffix². Compare also the etymological note at Judaean n. and adj.

a. A member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham; a follower or adherent of Judaism.The term usually refers to Jewish people from the period of the Babylonian exile and diaspora of the 6th cent. b.c. onwards, though it may occasionally refer to those ancient Hebrew or Israelite peoples whose scriptures and traditions form the basis of Jewish religion and culture (sometimes with the specific sense, ‘a Judean’). See note in etymology, and cf. Hebrew n. 1a, Israelite n. 1.black Jew, Conservative Jew, Hellenistic Jew: see the first elements.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person

Jewa1225

synagogistc1662

sabbatizer1683

smouse1705

smouch1765

sheeny1824

Yahudi1858

Hebraist1879

Hymie1956

SJM1975

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew

JudeishOE

Judew?a1160

Jewa1225

Jew mana1382

Israelitec1384

Hebrewc1450

Hebraean1509

Christ-killer1532

Hebrician1542

Jacobinea1625

Shylock1786

Jew boy1796

sheeny1824

ikey1836

Moses1844

Yahudi1858

Yiddisher1859

Yid1874

Semite1881

mocky1893

kike1901

five-to-two1914

Jewy1914

shonicker1914

ikeymo1922

non-Aryan1922

non-Aryan1924

four-by-two1936

shonk1938

bagel1956

Hymie1956

mock1967

yiddo1972

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 476 Ant þoledest pinen ant passiun þurh giwes read on rode.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Fforet hym com þe riche ieu þat heiste pilatus.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 35 Heȝe men..þet..sosteneþ iewes and þe caorsins.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 68 Ich holde me vilore þen a Gyw [rhymes bowe, trowe, now].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3944 O sinnu etes neuer juu [Gött. ieuu, Trin. Cambr. iew].

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 291 If Cristen preestis weren Iewen preestis.

1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 30 Ve prech Iesu Christ crucifeit, sclander to the Iowis and folie to the gentils.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 54 Whats his reason, I am a Iewe: Hath not a Iewe eyes.

1622 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Boston i. 2 In Rome there liued in the Apostles times many Iewes.

1710 tr. B. Telles Trav. Jesuits in Ethiopia i. viii. 38 Betwixt the Emperor's Dominions and the Cafres..there are still many of these Jews, whom they there call Falaxas, which signifies, Strangers.

1795 E. Wynne Diary 29 July in Wynne Diaries (1935) II. iii. 39 I went in the morning to see a Jewish matrimony... There were many people to see this ceremony, the Jews gave a breakfast.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Passover-bread, Passover-cake, a thin unleavened cake, used among the Jews at the festival of the Passover.

1912 H. W. C. Newte Ealing Miracle xvii. 216 Mr. Lazarus..was a non-practising Jew and worked on Saturdays.

1942 News Chron. 5 Dec. 2/2 Nothing else in Hitler's record is comparable to his treatment of the Jews...The word has gone forth that..the Jewish peoples are to be exterminated...The conscience of humanity stands aghast.

1991 Internat. Jrnl. Refugee Law 3 244 Differences in attitude were apparent between ethnic groups, for example, between Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews.

2004 V. J. Cheng Inauthentic v. 96 According to halachah.., a person's legal status as a Jew is based on matrilineal lineage.

b. offensive. A hostile or contemptuous term for: a Jewish person, esp. one regarded stereotypically as scheming or excessively concerned with making or saving money; (also) a non-Jewish person regarded in this way.This and related senses (see e.g. Jew v. 1, Jewish adj. 2) reflect the widespread anti-Semitism and oppression experienced by Jewish people in predominantly Christian and Muslim societies before emancipation movements of the late 18th to 20th centuries. In medieval Europe Jewish people were commonly subject to legal restrictions including being barred from all occupations except peddling and moneylending (a practice historically forbidden to Christians and Muslims), leading to prejudice and stereotyping.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > of the worst kind

Jew1508

hood-pick?a1513

miser?1577

share-penny1606

flay-flint1672

skinflint1699

flint1841

skin1900

tight-ass1969

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 217 Iudas, Iow, iuglour, Lollard laureate.

1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe v. sig. H3 If the sunne of thy bewtie, doe not white me like a shippards holland I am a Iewe to my Creator.

1700 S. Patrick Comm. Deut. xxviii. 507 Better we cannot express the most cut-throat dealing, than thus, You use me like a Jew.

1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 16 May Jacob is a regular Jew, and practises all sorts of tricks and wiles.

c1861 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) I. 160 'Twould be ‘a Bargain’ for a Jew! Say—may I have it—Sir?

1920 T. S. Eliot Ara Vos Prec 14 The jew is underneath the lot. Money in furs.

1931 T. R. G. Lyell Slang, Phrase & Idiom Colloq. Eng. 428 Why waste your time asking him for a subscription? He's a perfect Jew where money's concerned.

1999 Independent 1 Feb. ii. 4/5 James needed to borrow some money from Stephen so asked him for £10. Stephen only offered to lend him five. Then came the shock. James said, as if it were no big deal: ‘Stephen, don't be a Jew.’

a. With the. (A name for) an itinerant trader; a pedlar (whether Jewish or not). Now rare.For the historic association between Jewish people and peddling, see note at sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar

pedder1166

pedlar1307

dustyfoota1400

tranter1500

hawker1510

jagger?1518

jowter1550

pedder-coffec1550

pedderman1552

petty chapman1553

swadder1567

packman1571

merchant1572

swigman1575

chapman?1593

aginator1623

crier1727

duffer1735

Jew pedlar1743

fogger1800

Jew1803

box wallah1826

packie1832

cadger1840

jolter1841

pack-pedlar1859

knocker1934

doorstepper1976

machinga1993

1803 G. Colman John Bull iii. ii. 43 Here's two poets, and a Poll parrot, the best image the Jew had over his head, over the mantle-piece.

1963 ‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) iv. 42 There was a guy who used to come around to the door selling stuff, and my mother called him ‘The Jew’... For her, ‘Jew’ was synonymous with pedlar.

1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 43 For us, however, ‘Jew’ was just another generic word that often included the peddlers who were Greek or Italian. When we scrounged bottles it was to sell to ‘the Jew’, who was anybody that came along buying junk.

2004 A. Mohr & G. Mohr Poverty's Child 53 My Mother-in-law had an account with a salesman that sold you things like furniture, clothes etc. He came by the same day every week and collected money on what you bought. He was called The Jew. He really was Jewish.

b. Nautical and Navy slang. A ship's tailor. Cf. Jewing n.³ Now rare or disused.Tailoring was a common occupation among Jewish people in the late 19th to mid 20th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > tailor > other tailors

merchant tailor1533

cardower1825

springer-up1851

whip-the-cat1851

Jew1916

1916 Chambers's Jrnl. May 278/2 They [sc. ships' tailors] were still known as ‘jews’.

1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 100 A sailor-tailor is known as a ‘Jew’.

3. Australian colloquial. A jewfish, esp. the mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus. Cf. jewfish n. 2b.

ΚΠ

1882 Sydney Mail 9 Dec. 1052/2 Fish... Eels, 1s. to 1s. 6d. each; jews, 1s. to 4s. 6d. each;..kingfish, 1s. each.

1927 ‘S. Rudd’ Romance of Runnibede iv. 35 Many a huge cod, and swags of jew were hauled out of it.

1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 13 Mar. Fresh water brings down a veritable smorgasbord for jew in the form of small fish, prawns, squid and other delicacies.

2011 G. Brown How to catch Australia's Favourite Saltwater Fish vi. 84/1 Young adults (school jew, say 60 to 100 cm in length) are common in the lower rivers and embayments in the months of September and October.

Phrases

P1. as rich as a Jew: extremely rich. Now offensive and somewhat rare.With reference to anti-Semitic stereotypes; see note at sense 1b.

ΚΠ

1683 Whigs laid Open (single sheet) I hope..Jack Ketch will be more Expert, And in time be as Rich as a Jew.

a1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 190 We are apt to say, in a proverbial way, ‘as rich as a Jew’; but the Jews, take them in general, are not a rich people.

1820 Ld. Byron Blues i. 77 You forget Lady Lilac's as rich as a Jew.

1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter ix. 126 ‘Of course, you realize that I could rescue you with my little finger,’ said Mrs Wingfield. ‘I'm as rich as a Jew!’

2014 H. Jacobson in Independent (Nexis) 11 Jan. 45 Anelka.., whichever way you look at it, has become as rich as a Jew on transfer fees (and don't dare smear me with the charge of anti-Semitism: I am not an anti-Semite).

P2. King of the Jews: (a title of or name for) Jesus Christ. [After post-classical Latin rex Iudaeorum (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (New Testament).] The title occurs in all four Gospels, first in the Nativity narrative (Matthew 2:2; compare quots. c1275, a1425), and subsequently in the Passion narrative, where Pilate is said to have affixed the inscription INRI (Latin Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ‘Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews’) to the Cross above Jesus's head (compare John 19:19, and also Matthew 27:37, Mark 15:26, and Luke 23:37).

ΚΠ

c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 214 Hi..askede wer was se king of gyus þet was i bore.

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) l. 568 (MED) Þai asked whare þe king of iews was born and till him ofrandes broght.

c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 160 (MED) Hayl..Ihesu Criste..kynge of Iues, wey of swetnes, [etc.].

1673 E. Stillingfleet Serm. i. viii. 145 The Elogium of his Cross, Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews.

1836 Illustr. of New Test. ‘The Crucifixion’ Having crucified him between two common thieves, an inscription was fixed over his head, at the command of Pilate, Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews;—it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.

1993 Times 11 Dec. 17/5 ‘Judge not that ye be not judged’ is hardly a maxim which the King of the Jews applied to himself or his Father.

2011 L. G. Fennell I must tell Jesus xliii. 389 Jesus isn't only the King of the Jews but he is king of all nations.

Compounds

C1. With other nouns, with the sense ‘that is a Jewish person’, as in Jew agitator, Jew broker, Jew physician, Jew merchant, etc. Now chiefly derogatory and offensive.In early use sometimes used as a simple designation without specific derogatory intent (though often in depreciative contexts). Jewish is the more acceptable equivalent term.In some cases, esp. in later use, Jew could instead be interpreted as an adjective.

ΚΠ

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 84 And crucify his Saviour worse Than those Jew-Troopers, that threw out, When they were raffling for his coat.

1731 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 403/1 Dr. Bass, a noted Jew Physician in St Mary Axe.

1779 St. James's Chron. 30 Oct. The Jew Brokers, who frighten weak-minded Stockholders with some bloody bad News, and then pick their Pockets.

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 390/1 The vitals are eaten out of Old England by subsidies, loan-contractors, and Jew-jobbers.

1843 T. B. Macaulay Let. 7 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 202 A street like those occupied by Jew clothesmen in Wapping.

1917 T. S. Eliot Let. 31 Oct. (1988) I. 206 Burnham is a Jew merchant, named Lawson (sc. Levi-sohn?).

1996 E. A. Proulx Accordion Crimes (1997) 114 When a klezmer band arrived in town.., the sheriff told them to keep traveling, no Jew agitators wanted in Prank.

2003 I. Bashiri tr. I. Soatov in From Hymns of Zarathustra to Songs of Borbad ii. 212 There were physicians from Greece, Rome, India working here and a lot of Jew physicians too.

C2. In the names of animals and plants.

a. With the first element in singular form.

Jew bush n. a tropical American spurge, Euphorbia tithymaloides, previously used medicinally for its emetic properties and now cultivated as a garden plant for its bright red flowers. [Perhaps so called because it was said to grow especially in Jewish cemeteries in Caribbean islands.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > spurges and allies > [noun]

physic nut1657

milk-bush1696

milk-tree1698

poison-bush1740

jatropha1754

milky-hedge1773

milk hedge1780

chandelier plant1827

Jew bush1830

candelabrum1834

poinsettia1836

slipper-plant1848

coquillo1851

zebra poison1871

oil tree1879

picture-tree1885

slipper spurs1887

monkey fiddle1913

milk plant1965

stringwood-

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 105 The Jew Bush, or Milk plant.

1923 P. C. Standley Trees & Shrubs Mexico (Contrib. U.S. Herbarium Vol. 23, Pt. 3) 605 Pedilanthus tithymaloides... The plant is sometimes cultivated under the names ‘slipper-plant’, ‘bird-cactus’, ‘redbird cactus’, and ‘Jew-bush’.

2017 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Forum section) 33 There's the Jew-Bush, which is ‘a tropical American plant with powerful emetic properties’—and I know ‘emetic’ sounds positive, I know it sounds healing, but I checked it up and it means ‘vomiting’, so basically this is a Semitic spewing shrub.

† Jew frankincense n. Obsolete rare the bark of plants of the genus Styrax, which yields an aromatic resin used in incense.Cf. Jew's frankincense n. at Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > plants and extracts used for > woods and barks

sandalwood?c1510

exilila1517

sandal1526

Aspalathus1601

Jew frankincense1678

malambo1816

lign-aloes1859

1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis i. ii. 23/1 Thuris, Thymiama, Of Frankincense, Or Jew frankincense, because they use it for fumes.

Jew lizard n. Australian any of several large Australian agamid lizards; spec. the Eastern bearded dragon, Pogona barbata, which has spiny scales on its throat thought to resemble a beard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of

bloodsucker1797

agamian1831

Jew lizard1833

agamoid1865

agamid1878

water dragon1908

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of genus Amphibolurus (racehorse lizard)

Jew lizard1833

grammatophore1845

bloodsucker1852

racehorse lizard1923

1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales iv. 266 The Jew lizard..has a membrane that it can extend in such a manner as to form a complete ruff round its neck.

1953 Cairns (Queensland) Post 16 Nov. 8/9 Sleepy stump-tail lizards saunter across back tracks and frill-necked jew lizards still leer from fencing posts.

2007 S. Swanson Field Guide to Austral. Reptiles 108 The Eastern Bearded Dragon is an abundant and familiar lizard, also known as the Frilly Lizard or Jew Lizard.

Jew plum n. Jamaican the Otaheite apple Spondias dulcis; the yellow, plum-like fruit of this tree.Also called June plum. [The semantic motivation for the name is unclear.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > other tropical or exotic fruits

tamarind1539

guava1555

genipat1568

jack1582

genipap1613

custard apple1648

star apple1693

sweet-sop1696

breadfruit1697

sugar-apple1739

sweet-apple1760

guarri1789

ackee1792

marmalade-box1796

five-corner1826

jakkalsbessie1854

Molucca berry1861

bullock's heart1866

guava-apple1866

vegetable egg1866

Jew plum1880

1880 Gardeners' Chron. 29 May 682/2 Spondias dulcis, introduced from the Society Islands to the old Botanic Garden at Bath, from whence it has spread to many parts of the island, notably on the north side, where it has obtained the name of Jew Plum.

1983 Kingston (Jamaica) Daily Gleaner 13 Jan. 21/1 Alternate slices of avocado, jew plum and grapefruit segments.

2003 O. Senior Encycl. Jamaican Heritage 231/2 Its [sc. the Hog Plum (Spondias mombin)] close relatives are the Jew Plum (S. dulcis) and Jamaican Plum (S. purpurea) which bears sweet yellow or purple fruit.

b. With the first element in plural or genitive form.

Jew's apple n. (also Jews' apple) the fruit of the eggplant or aubergine, Solanum melongena; the plant itself. [Perhaps so called because the aubergine may first have been introduced to the Caribbean by Jewish people; compare quot. 1756 for brown jolly n. at brown adj. Compounds 2.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine

mad-apple1578

rage apple1578

raging apple1578

raging love apple1578

verangene1587

brinjal1611

brown jolly1756

melinzane1775

melongena1785

melongene1793

aubergine1796

vegetable egg1797

egg-fruit1811

Jew's apple1838

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine > egg-plant

eggplant1767

melongena1785

garden egg1811

Jew's apple1838

1838 G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants IV. 432/2 Melongene Egg-plant, Mad-apple, and Jews'-apple.

1849 J. C. Loudon Horticulturalist 606 The Egg plant, Mad Apple, or Jew's Apple, Solanum Melongea.., is an erect branchy annual, a native of Africa, and cultivated in British gardens for its fruit.

2017 J. Nathan King Solomon's Table 106 She picked up several eggplants,..so-called ‘Jew's apples’, there were big ones for salad, thin long ones for stuffing, and tiny ones for pickling or candying.

† Jew's frankincense n. (also Jews frankincense) Obsolete an aromatic resin obtained from plants of the genus Styrax; (also) a plant producing such resin.Cf. Jew frankincense n. at Compounds 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > Asian > styrax tree

styrax tree1579

Benjamin tree1640

storax1694

Jew's frankincense1760

styrax1832

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 305/2 Jew's Frankincense, Styrax.

1873 H. V. Sweringen Pharm. Lexicon 236/1 Jew's frankincense, gum styrax or benzoin.

Jew's mallow n. (also Jews mallow, Jews' mallow) any of several mallows of (or formerly included in) the genus Corchorus; spec. (a) jute mallow, C. olitorius, which yields jute and whose young shoots and leaves are eaten as a vegetable; (b) an ornamental shrub, Kerria japonica (family Rosaceae), cultivated for its golden-yellow flowers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > jute plant

Jew's mallow1640

jute1861

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] > other herbs

maroilea1400

purslanea1400

centinode?a1425

rosemarya1425

sauce-alone1530

samphire1542

larix1548

ancoly1561

Crestmarine1565

tarragon1591

fish-basil1597

muscado1612

Jew's mallow1640

mekin1688

Tarentine1698

Shawnee salad1780

hemidesmus1809

roquette1900

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > other Asian trees or shrubs

China-pea1660

pea tree1766

koelreuteria1789

stink-tree1795

ume1822

Java almond1824

weenonga1838

St. Thomas' tree1866

golden shower1882

Jew's mallow1884

mokihana1888

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum ii. lxvi. 309 The Iewes Mallow (for unto that family I referre it, both for some forme like thereunto, but more for the properties) is a small low hearbe, rising up a foote and a halfe high.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Corchorus Jews Mallow,..sown in great Plenty about Aleppo as a Pot-herb; the Jews boiling the Leaves of this Plant to eat with their Meat.

1884 S. Wood Mod. Window Gardening 113 Kerria japonica.—This plant was formerly called Corchorus Japonica, and by some it was styled Jew's Mallow.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 289 ‘Jews' Mallow’ or ‘Jute’ (Corchorus olitorius, L.)—Annual. This is one of the species that affords the well-known fibre of commerce called ‘Jute’.

1992 E. Arter Cottage Garden 50/2 A number of shrubs provide spring colour for a cottage garden. These include..the rich golden Jew's mallow (Kerria japonica).

2009 @monaeltahawy 2 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 31 May 2019) Molokhiyya is also known as Jew's mallow. In the Middle East, we eat it as a soup-like dish with chicken, rabbit. It's delicious!

Jew's myrtle n. (also Jews myrtle, Jews' myrtle) (a) a variety of the common myrtle, Myrtus communis, which has leaves arranged in whorls of three rather than in pairs and is used in Jewish religious ceremonies (now rare); (b) the butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus (cf. Jews thorn n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > myrtles > [noun] > name applied to various types of myrtle

myrtle1578

Jew's myrtle1775

tea tree1790

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > butcher's broom > [noun]

knee-hollyc1000

butcher's broom1538

petigrew1538

horse-tongue1562

knee-holm1562

knee-hull1562

ruscus1562

double-tongue1578

prickly box1578

tongue-blade1578

ground-myrtle1601

uvularia1706

Alexandrian laurel1760

punnai1794

shepherd's myrtlec1840

Jew's myrtle1856

knee-hul-

knee-hulver-

1775 R. Weston Flora Anglicana iii. 164 Myrtus..trilatifolia... Three-leaved, or Jews Myrtle.

1856 Notes & Queries 2nd Ser. 1 432/2 In some parts of Kent it [sc. Ruscus aculeatus] is called ‘Jews' Myrtle’; and it is the popular belief, that the crown of thorns..was composed of its branches.

1894 J. C. Sawer Odorographia II. 69 Broad-leaved Jews' myrtle. This variety has its leaves frequently in threes, on which account it is said to be in esteem among the Jews in their religious ceremonies.

1998 D. Squire Healing Garden 135/2 Butcher's Broom, Ruscus aculeatus (also known as Knee Holly, Box Holly, and Jew's Myrtle), is a shrubby evergreen with pretty cherry-sized, sealing-wax-red berries.

Jews thorn n. (also Jews' thorn, Jew's thorn) any of several thorny shrubs; esp. Christ's thorn Paliurus spina-christi.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > [noun] > other thorn-trees

paliurec1384

paliurusa1398

sea-willow1548

Christ's thorn1553

buckler-thorn1562

garland-thorn1597

goat's thorn1597

Jews thorn1597

milk-vetch1597

sea-buckthorn1731

Spanish hedgehog thorn1760

sensitive briar1802

lily thorn1816

sallow thorn1847

cat-brier1875

1597 J. Gerard Herball Table Eng. Names Iewes thorne, that is Christs thorne. [ iii. 1153 This shrubbie thorne Paliurus was the thorne wherewith they crowned our Sauiour Christ.]

1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 85/1 Paliurus, Jews thorn, It is drying and binding, stops fluxes.

1981 K. Krapohl tr. L. Ivo Snakes' Nest 48 One day, the succession of coral trees, Jew's thorns, and pebbles came to an end, and they arrived in the promised land, which had been green and moist.

C3. General compounds.

a. With the first element in singular form.

Jew bail n. derogatory (now rare or disused) the fraudulent practice of acting as bail to a prisoner for a fee, with the intention of absconding if later called upon; a person acting in this way (cf. quot. 1819 at queer adj.² 1).The practice was formerly associated with impoverished Jewish people.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > bailing or bail > [noun] > worthless bail

Jew bail1771

straw bail1853

1771 (title) The merchant's complaint to the lawyers at the Devil. Shewing the hardships, inconveniences, and injustice, to which every honest man of property is exposed, from jew bail, sham pleas, demurrers, writs of error, and injunction bills.

1820 Times 21 Nov. He read an affidavit stating him to be a common Jew bail, and setting forth instances in which he had become bail for hire.

1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 63/2 Jew bail, bail furnished by an insolvent person.

Jew-bait v. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] transitive to harass, abuse, or provoke intentionally (a Jewish person or Jewish people); to subject to Jew-baiting.

ΚΠ

1892 Sat. Rev. 18 June 700/2 [He] is always going about Jew-baiting and to Jew-bait with pen or sword.

1910 M. Fluegel Exodus, Moses, & Decalogue Legislation 252 Even in Germany it is fashionable to Jew-bait, belittle the Hebrew, set him down as an alien.

2016 Internat. N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. 2 The main character..gets Jew-baited on live TV by a glib Russian oligarch.

Jew-baiter n. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] a person who engages in harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people, or in the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person

Jew-hater1813

anti-Semite1880

Jew-baiter1883

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/1 [They] are now in full possession of the case of the German jew-baiters against the Jews.

1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 145 Julius Streicher, most notorious of Jew-baiters, was captured by the Americans.

2019 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 26 Feb. 9 These governments..have pledged to combat antisemitism and purge Jew-baiters from their midst.

Jew-baiting n. and adj. [in use as noun after German Judenhetze Judenhetze n.] (a) n. the harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people; the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment; (b) adj. of, relating to, or engaging in such behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews

Jew-hating1839

Jew-baiting1867

Judenhetze1872

anti-Semiticism1880

anti-Semitism1880

Jew-hatred1881

1867 Times 27 Feb. 5/1 The people, after the fashion of mobs in Bohemia and Hungary, could not refrain from their favourite pastime of Jew baiting.

1898 Sketch 19 Oct. 566/2 To yield on the point would give the howling hounds of the Jew-baiting pack a new and possibly a victorious cry.

1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 203 The brutalities began on April 23, and it was clear that the scheme of Jew-baiting had been worked out in readiness for the ‘Anschluss’.

2006 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Nov. 51 Borat..paints his homeland as a backward, racist, women-hating, Jew-baiting domain filled with inbred idiots and trashy prostitutes.

Jew Bill n. historical in later use (a name for) any of various legislative bills designed to mitigate discrimination against Jewish people; cf. Jewish emancipation n. at Jewish adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > types of laws > [noun] > relating to ethnic minorities

Fleming-lauche?c1629

black code1749

Jew Bill1753

Nuremberg Laws1937

Group Area1950

1724 Newcastle Courant 28 Mar. 4 The Lords passed the Bill relating to the Oaths. 'Tis said that a Clause mentioned in our Former, in Favour of the Jews Bill, was opposed by the A. B. of C–—, the Bp. of C–—r, and Bp. of P–—w.]

1753 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 23 June I would fain know how Lord W–—n and Sir J—s D——d have distinguish'd themselves against the Jew-Bill.

1820 National Advocate (N.Y.) 17 Oct. The Editors of the National Intelligencer..have republished Mr Kennedy's speech on what was called the Jew Bill.

1865 R. Masheder Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone ii. iv. 188 Immediately after the General Election of 1847 the Jew Bill was introduced.

1907 Jewish Q. Rev. 19 773 The former Ministry..had never been really united in support of any of the numerous Jew Bills.

2014 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 8 Jan. 15 Until Maryland's ‘Jew Bill’ passed in 1826, all public officials in that state were sworn into office with a Christian oath.

Jew boy n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish male.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew

JudeishOE

Judew?a1160

Jewa1225

Jew mana1382

Israelitec1384

Hebrewc1450

Hebraean1509

Christ-killer1532

Hebrician1542

Jacobinea1625

Shylock1786

Jew boy1796

sheeny1824

ikey1836

Moses1844

Yahudi1858

Yiddisher1859

Yid1874

Semite1881

mocky1893

kike1901

five-to-two1914

Jewy1914

shonicker1914

ikeymo1922

non-Aryan1922

non-Aryan1924

four-by-two1936

shonk1938

bagel1956

Hymie1956

mock1967

yiddo1972

1796 P. Colquhoun Treat. Police of Metropolis vi. 133 Jew Boys..go out every morning loaded with counterfeit Copper, which they exchange for bad Shillings, to be afterwards coloured anew, and again put into circulation.

1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds II. liii. 361 You used to be very wicked, and say he was once a Jew-boy in the streets.

1948 J. Baldwin in Commentary Oct. 334/2 Jules Weissman, a Jewboy, had got the room for me.

2019 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 5 Mar. a1 I've had kids throw change on the floor and say, ‘Pick it up, Jew boy.’

† Jew brandy n. Obsolete a type of liquor flavoured with aniseed, formerly distilled by Jewish people in Morocco.Probably denoting a clear brandy known as mahia, distilled from figs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > types of brandy

Nants1653

French brandy1655

snapdragon1676

Cognac brandy1687

guildive1698

aguardiente1752

cognac1755

Armagnac1797

Jew brandy1817

pisco1825

Cape smoke1846

marc1848

fine champagne1864

burnt brandy1880

dop1889

grape-brandy1892

grappa1893

beno1903

V.S.O.P.1907

jackass brandy1909

fine1923

Napoleon brandy1930

Remy Martin1932

framboise1933

mampoer1934

witblits1934

Metaxa1938

Soberano1963

Napoleon1968

1816 M. Keatinge Trav. Europe & Afr. II. 5 The only spiritous liquor procurable in this country [sc. Morocco]..is Jew's brandy strongly impregnated with aniseed.]

1817 J. Riley Authentic Narr. Loss Amer. Brig Commerce xxvii. 202 The women..were refreshed by eating cakes, and drinking copious draughts of anniseed, Jew brandy.

1850 W. S. Mayo Berber xxvi. 300 Strong doses of Jew brandy, well spiced with aniseed.

Jew butcher n. now chiefly offensive and rare a Jewish butcher; esp. a kosher butcher.

ΚΠ

1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) ii. xix. 213 Thus you see the Iew-butcher had need be no botcher, but halfe a Physitian in Anatomizing.

1833 S. Harris Hist. & Conversion 33 The Jews must not eat any flesh meat whatsoever unless the animal has been killed by a Jew butcher, and in the Jewish way.

1912 E. Hofer Jack Norton vi. 109 The big fat Jew butcher had a heart of gold.

a1962 E. L. Wallant in D. D. Galloway Edward Lewis Wallant (1979) iv. 65 The girl's Polish father talks about getting money from the ‘Jew butcher’.

† Jew cart n. Obsolete rare a cart used to carry stolen goods.

ΚΠ

1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xviii. 127 Then we have what we call Jew Carts, always ready to take [stolen] goods inland, where they will not be looked after.

Jewcraft n. derogatory and offensive conduct or behaviour stereotypically regarded as characteristic of Jewish people.

ΚΠ

1769 J. Shebbeare Lydia (ed. 2) I. xxxi. 274 [He] must have had this jew-craft among his reasons for endeavouring to naturalize the Jews.

1839 United Service Mag. Feb. 255 Many of these faithful fellows were victims of the Jew-craft which gave them the handsome consideration of four years' purchase.

1901 Musical Times 1 Sept. 594/1 Glasenapp tells us that Wagner found the musical press of St. Petersburg and Moscow untainted by Jewcraft (Judenschaft).

2012 @gmskarka 30 Nov. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Damn it, now I want a knish. Try to find one in Kansas, you risk get[ting] burned at the stake for practicing ‘Jewcraft’.

Jew-free adj. [after German judenfrei (end of the 19th cent. or earlier; frequent during the years of the Nazi regime, 1933–45)] characterized by the absence of Jewish people.

ΚΠ

1898 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 4/3 In one [school in Vienna] there are mixed and ‘Jew-free’ classes; in another the Semites are at one end, the Gentiles at the other.

1939 Jewish Veteran Nov. 7/2 Authorities have told the Jewish community that Vienna must be ‘Jew-free’ by March 1, 1940.

2018 Stanford Daily (Stanford Univ., Calif.) (Nexis) 25 June 1 Never is heard a word about..the 200,000 Jewish Israelis who will lose their homes as the Palestinian ‘Jew free’ West Bank state is established.

Jew girl n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish female.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew > woman

Jewessc1390

Hebrewess1535

Jew girl1796

1796 E. Wynne Diary 11 Dec. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1937) II. ix. 139 Before having ever seen us she declared that we were all excepting the youngest, like little crows and Jew girls.

1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos x. 45 Wives, jew-girls, nuns.

1996 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 11 Nov. At school, in London's East End, she was taunted as ‘Becky the Jew-girl!’

Jew-hater n. a person who hates Jewish people; an anti-Semitic person.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person

Jew-hater1813

anti-Semite1880

Jew-baiter1883

1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/1 When was a Jewess guilty of adultery? Let the Jew-haters of the Morning Post and Herald look to this.

1935 Evening Tel. & Post (Dundee) 26 July 4/5 Miss Mitford adds, ‘I am a Jew hater.’

2006 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 Aug. 13 As letters editor, I am accustomed to receiving a small but steady stream of racist mail from a tiny handful of rabid Jew-haters.

Jew-hatred n. hatred of Jewish people; anti-Semitism; cf. Jew-hating n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews

Jew-hating1839

Jew-baiting1867

Judenhetze1872

anti-Semiticism1880

anti-Semitism1880

Jew-hatred1881

1881 Dublin Evening Tel. 5 Jan. German Jew hatred... The author..maintains that the causes of the Judenhetze in Germany are exclusively social and in no degree religious.

1918 Pennsylvania Gaz. 22 Mar. 654/2 Jew-hatred runs through history in a practically unbroken current back to the beginning of the Christian era.

2018 Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 Oct. a11 One would have hoped that following the Holocaust, the world would have been shaken out of its Jew hatred.

Jew joke n. a joke making fun of Jewish people; cf. Jewish joke n. at Jewish adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1896 Critic (N.Y.) 15 Feb. 106/2 There are the Jew joke, the tramp joke, the Irish joke..—a weary treadmill indeed for the humorist to tread.

1944 Chicago Defender 11 Mar. 13/4 When I remember the agony of lynched Jews in Germany..I can't laugh at ‘Jew jokes’.

2006 N. R. L. Atkinson Jewish Identity Devel. in College (Ph.D. diss., State Univ. N.Y. at Buffalo) vi. 163 A lot of my friends make Jew jokes... I get cheap jokes and nose jokes and some that don't make any sense at all.

Jew-looking adj. now chiefly derogatory and offensive having an appearance (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person.

ΚΠ

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 45 There was a Jew-looking man, that plied at the Wells with a box of spectacles.

1845 Sportsman's Mag. 6 Sept. 302/1 A Jew-looking gentleman named John Morris.

2012 @dogemanx 13 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Apparently I'm a ‘Jew-looking business type’. Sorry probably coked up lady at the h2o show, I won't be your showbiz manager.

Jew man n. in later use chiefly derogatory and offensive a Jewish man; (formerly also) a moneylender; a pedlar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew

JudeishOE

Judew?a1160

Jewa1225

Jew mana1382

Israelitec1384

Hebrewc1450

Hebraean1509

Christ-killer1532

Hebrician1542

Jacobinea1625

Shylock1786

Jew boy1796

sheeny1824

ikey1836

Moses1844

Yahudi1858

Yiddisher1859

Yid1874

Semite1881

mocky1893

kike1901

five-to-two1914

Jewy1914

shonicker1914

ikeymo1922

non-Aryan1922

non-Aryan1924

four-by-two1936

shonk1938

bagel1956

Hymie1956

mock1967

yiddo1972

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Esther ii. 5 Þer was forsoþe a Jew man in þe cite of susis mardocheus by name..þe whiche was þe nurse of þe doȝter of his broþer edisse.

1696 C. Ness 4th Vol. Sacred Hist.& Myst. New-Test. i. x. 43 Oh Glorious condescension, not only that being a Jew-man should ask Drink of a Samaritan Woman,..but also that He..should thus wait here upon a poor Woman for a draught of Water.

1768 Trial F. Calvert 30 The little Jew man..was sent with the letter that I wrote.

1824 J. Galt Rothelan II. v. iii. 201 Tak tent how ye bargain wi' the Jewmen.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 327 I'll brain that bloody jewman for using the holy name.

1985 M. Johnston Around Banks of Pimlico 114 My mother's last involvement with the jew-men was when she borrowed for my Confirmation from Mr Glick.

2018 @ThatSchoolcraft 18 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Who remembers those two old Jew men in the balcony of the Muppet Show?

† Jew pedlar n. Obsolete a Jewish pedlar (cf. sense 2a).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar

pedder1166

pedlar1307

dustyfoota1400

tranter1500

hawker1510

jagger?1518

jowter1550

pedder-coffec1550

pedderman1552

petty chapman1553

swadder1567

packman1571

merchant1572

swigman1575

chapman?1593

aginator1623

crier1727

duffer1735

Jew pedlar1743

fogger1800

Jew1803

box wallah1826

packie1832

cadger1840

jolter1841

pack-pedlar1859

knocker1934

doorstepper1976

machinga1993

1743 Daily Post 9 July 1/3 Early yesterday Morning one Moses Gabrier, a Jew Pedlar..was found robb'd and murder'd in St. George's-Fields.

1851 M. Lissack Jewish Perseverance 30 I heard him..address a poor Jew pedlar, who was in the habit of leaving his uncomfortable home very early to visit the neighbouring villages.

1919 J. Cournos Mask vi. 199 He knew what it was to be a Jew pedlar, the object of ridicule and reviling.

Jew toll n. historical a toll formerly levied on Jewish people for travelling between certain places or areas.More usually known as the Leibzoll. The toll originated in the Holy Roman Empire and was imposed in most European states from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century.

ΚΠ

1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/2 At this place there was formerly a Jew-toll.

1893 D. Philpson in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 361 The Jew could not travel from place to place without paying the Jew-toll.

1989 P. Kahn Stitch in Time i. 19 When Jews traveled out of ghettos in some areas, the government leveled ‘Jew Tolls’.

b. With the first element in plural or genitive form.

Jew's eye n. now chiefly historical and rare (used proverbially for) something valued highly; esp. in worth a Jew's eye: worth a great deal; very valuable.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > thing of worth

treasurec1200

margaritea1325

druery1340

store1410

relica1425

gemc1560

Jew's eye1593

worthy1598

wealth1650

gold dust1690

nugget1853

white gold1921

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 85 A souerain Rule, as deare as a Iewes eye.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. v. 42 There will come a Christian by will be worth a Iewes eye .

1786 Leeds Intelligencer 28 Mar. It is very common for people, in speaking of any thing valuable, to say 'tis worth a Jew's eye.

1848 W. H. Maxwell Brian O'Linn xiv. 102/1 I dreaded what was to come, and would have given a Jew's eye to have been safe in my sanctum.

1950 Citizen (Gloucester) 22 June 4/3 The phrase ‘Worth a Jew's eye’ which is used to signify anything of great value probably comes to us from the days of King John, who extorted large sums of money from the Jews under threat of mutilation.

Jews' houses n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) (a name for) the remains of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' tin n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores > for tin ore

Jews' houses1814

burning-house1849

1814 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 26 Feb. Jew's houses, which bear indubitable marks of their once being appropriated to the purpose of smelting Tin.

1905 Trans. Soc. Engineers 1904 191 It was supposed that, when the Phœnicians came to Cornwall for tin, the Jews had the conduct of all the negotiations... From time to time remains of furnaces called ‘Jew's houses’ have been discovered.

2004 Times 10 Apr. (Weekend Review section) 6/4 For centuries the smelting houses of the tinners were known as ‘Jew's houses’.

† Jew's letter n. Obsolete a text inscribed in Hebrew on a phylactery, regarded as the outward symbol or badge of a Jewish person.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > phylactery > text inscribed on

Jew's letter1590

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. D3^v Iewes letter scrible scrable ouer the Copurtenaunce of a mans countenaunce.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A fouler blot then a Iewes letter..in the foreheads of Cælius and Curio.

† Jews' lime n. Obsolete asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews'-slime n. [With the semantic motivation compare Jews' pitch n. Compare Dutch jodenlijms (1569 in the passage translated in quot. 1579).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt

asphalt1366

glue1382

botemayc1400

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

slime1530

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

tar1747

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt

asphalt1366

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&iii/1 Whyche name sygnifiethe a thynge compounde of pytche, and the Iues lyme.

1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church 333 Here vnder you may also mingle some Iewes lime [Du. Jodenlijms], or Bitumen, which is a verie tough and cleauing substance, wherewithall the citie and Towre of Babylon was wont to be bound and it is drawen out of the poole and dead sinke of Sodom and Gomorre.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 188 Iewes lime drunk in water..prescribed for a remedy of this euill.

1854 in T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais Wks. (new ed.) 374 (note) That is, a certain stuff like pitch, being the substance of embalmed bodies, from Arabia; or else made of Jews lime, a bitumen so called.

Jews' money n. English regional (historical and rare in later use) any ancient coin or coins found or dug up in some parts of England.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Roman > as found or dug up

Jews' money1577

swine penny1610

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xvii. f. 92^v/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Some peeces or other are dayly taken vppe, which they call borowe pence, dwarfes mony,..Iewes money, and by other foolishe names not woorthie to be remembred.

1968 H. L. V. Fletcher Portrait Wye Valley xiv. 103 This story of coins being found is constantly heard. At Hay the name for it was ‘Jews' money’.

Jews' pitch n. now chiefly historical asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews' lime n. [After classical Latin bitumen Iudaicum, itself after Hellenistic Greek ἄσϕαλτος Ἱουδαϊκή (Galen). Apparently so called because the substance is found in large quantities in the vicinity of the Dead Sea (formerly called the Asphaltite Lake (see asphaltite adj.) or the Asphaltic Lake (see asphaltic adj.) on account of this fact: compare quot. 1816).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt

asphalt1366

glue1382

botemayc1400

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

slime1530

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

tar1747

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt

asphalt1366

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. xxxj^v in Bulwarke of Defence Wilde Aspaltum, which is a thing compounded, and made of Iewes, Pitche, Castor, Opopanax, Galbanum, Mummy, Centaurie, Aristologia longa, wilde yelowe Carettes, ana.℈.i. of Honie.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. i. 40 Asphaltum, Jew's Pitch.

1816 tr. P. F. Tingry Painter & Varnisher's Guide (ed. 2) 1 Asphaltum..issues in a liquid form from the bottom of the lake Asphaltis in Judæa; and hence the name of Jew's pitch [Fr. Bitume de Judée].

2009 Green Mountains Rev. i. 82 Bitumen of Judea or, vulgarly, Jew's pitch Upon a pewter plate.

Jew's poker n. now rare a non-Jewish person employed to light or tend fires for Jewish people on the Sabbath (a task included under Jewish religious law in the prohibition against work on the Sabbath); cf. Shabbos goy n.

ΚΠ

1891 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 17 May 11/4 Jane Marshall..used to get her living lighting the Jews' fires on Saturdays. She was what is known as a ‘Jews' poker.’

1974 F. Ross Oreo (2000) xiii. 172 She's a Jew's poker. Take care the sinnygogue fo' 'em on Sat'd'ys.

† Jews'-slime n. [compare slime n. 1b and the etymological note at Jews' pitch n., and also earlier Jews' lime n.] Obsolete rare asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. slime n. 1b, Jews' lime n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt

asphalt1366

glue1382

botemayc1400

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

slime1530

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

tar1747

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt

asphalt1366

pitcha1425

bitumena1464

Jews' lime1543

Jews' pitch1562

Jews'-slime1640

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) x. §104 Salt-peter, brimstone, Jews-slime, petrol,..are called minerall juices.

Jews' tin n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) any lump or lumps of tin found on the sites of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' houses n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > lumps of tin found in furnaces

Jews' tin1828

1828 London Mag. May 198 In the Cornish mines, fragments of a peculiar sort of tin are, to this day, known to the miners by the name of Jews' tin, derived from some remote tradition that these shafts were actually worked by that people.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 162 In the reign of King John, the mines [were] principally in the hands of the Jews..remains of furnaces, called Jews' houses, have been discovered, and small blocks of tin, known as Jews' tin, have..been found in the mining localities.

1908 D. Raeburn Hoodman Grey iii. 33 The old smelting-houses are still called Jews' houses, and blocks of Jews' tin are constantly found.

2014 R. Hayman Holy Grail & Holy Thorn ix. 111 Old specimens of metal were Jew's Tin.

Derivatives

ˈJew-like adv. and adj. often derogatory and offensive (a) adv. in a manner (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person; (b) adj. (stereotypically) characteristic of a Jewish person.

ΚΠ

1604 H. Broughton Aduert. Corrupt. Handling Relig. sig. K3 Iewes & Gentiles hold that Ismaels mocking of Isaaks is the beginning: which some referre Iewlike to Isaaks birth.

1688 J. Whalley Præcognita Astrologica 7 No state but Ruine can satisfy their Jew-like desires.

1808 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 172 Through the means of a jew-like commerce with the revolted slaves.

1906 F. J. Stimson In Cure of her Soul xlvii. 422 Markoff,..said Radnor, ‘nosing around, Jewlike..’, had discovered, in London, a thirst for brewing properties.

2014 M. Birchwood & M. Dimmock in A. Hadfield et al. Ashgate Res. Compan. Pop. Culture Early Mod. Eng. xiii. 218 An assertion of their Jew-like qualities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	jew
释义	Jewn. Brit. /dʒuː/, U.S. /dʒu/ Forms: Middle English Geu, Middle English Giew, Middle English Giu, Middle English Giv, Middle English Giw, Middle English Giwe, Middle English Gyew, Middle English Gyu, Middle English Gyv, Middle English Gyw, Middle English Gywe, Middle English Ȝew, Middle English Ieuȝ, Middle English Ieuh, Middle English Ieuu, Middle English Ieuw, Middle English Ieve, Middle English Ihew, Middle English Iou, Middle English Iow, Middle English Iowe, Middle English Iu, Middle English Iuu, Middle English Iuw, Middle English Iuwe, Middle English Iv, Middle English Ive, Middle English Iy, Middle English Jeow, Middle English Jeu, Middle English Jev, Middle English Jewh, Middle English Jewyis (plural), Middle English Jove, Middle English Ju, Middle English Juu, Middle English Juw, Middle English Juwe, Middle English Jve, Middle English Jw, Middle English Yew, Middle English–1500s Ieu, Middle English–1500s Iue, Middle English–1500s Iwe, Middle English–1500s Jowe, Middle English–1600s Iew, Middle English–1600s Iewe, Middle English–1600s Jewe, Middle English–1600s Jue, Middle English–1600s Jwe, Middle English– Jew, 1500s Juy; Scottish pre-1700 Ieu, pre-1700 Iou, pre-1700 Iow, pre-1700 Iue, pre-1700 Jeu, pre-1700 Jewe, pre-1700 Jow, pre-1700 Jowe, pre-1700 1700s– Jew. N.E.D. (1900) also records a form late Middle English Ieue. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French jeu, jew. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman giu, giue, giw, jeu, jew, ju, jueu, etc., Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French jue (Middle French, French juif : see below) member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism (c1000), (in extended use) moneylender (late 13th cent.) < classical Latin Iūdaeus Jewish (ultimately < Aramaic yĕhūḏāyi inhabitant of Judaea, Jew: see Judaean adj.). Compare earlier Judew n. and also Old English Iūdēas , Iūdan (both plural) Jews (see Judeish adj. and n.).Compare Old Occitan juzieu (end of the 12th cent.), Spanish judío (a1207), Catalan jueu , Portuguese judeu , Italian giudeo (all 13th cent.). Compare also the Germanic forms cited at Judeish adj. and n. With the regular phonological development of the ending of Latin Iūdaeus in Old French, compare Anglo-Norman and Old French dieu God (see depardieu int.), ebreu Hebrew n., and also early Anglo-Norman and Old French forms such as juieu , juiu , jueu . The French form juif (noun and adjective) shows an analogical formation on the feminine juive Jewish woman (late 12th cent.); a similar development is reflected in antif old, of great age (see etymological note at antique adj.). Plural forms. In early use weak -n plural forms are attested alongside the strong -s plural forms. In Middle English genitive plural forms in -n are also common (as e.g. in quot. c1449 at sense 1a). Specific senses. For the semantic motivation of senses 1b and 2, see the note at sense 1b. With sense 2b compare slightly earlier Jewing n.³ and the etymological note at that entry. In sense 3 short for jewfish n. Early use as surname. Also attested early as a surname, e.g. Johannes le Jeu (1241), Galfridus le Gyw (1270), Reykynt le Ju (1287–8), although it is unclear whether such very early uses are to be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. Self-designation of Jewish people. In pre-exilic times the ancient Hebrew people referred to themselves as ʿiḇrī Hebrew n. or bĕnē Yiśrāēl , literally ’sons of Israel’ or ‘children of Israel’ (see etymological note at child n.). The self-designation yĕhūḏī (plural yĕhūḏīm ) was first adopted after the return from the Babylonian Exile. It occurs over 70 times in the Old Testament and Hebrew Scriptures, but only in parts with a composition date no earlier than the time of the Babylonian Exile (earliest in 2 Kings); it is < Yĕhūḏāh , the Hebrew form of the name of the patriarch Judah (see Judas n.) + -ī -i suffix². Compare also the etymological note at Judaean n. and adj. 1. a. A member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham; a follower or adherent of Judaism.The term usually refers to Jewish people from the period of the Babylonian exile and diaspora of the 6th cent. b.c. onwards, though it may occasionally refer to those ancient Hebrew or Israelite peoples whose scriptures and traditions form the basis of Jewish religion and culture (sometimes with the specific sense, ‘a Judean’). See note in etymology, and cf. Hebrew n. 1a, Israelite n. 1.black Jew, Conservative Jew, Hellenistic Jew: see the first elements. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person Jewa1225 synagogistc1662 sabbatizer1683 smouse1705 smouch1765 sheeny1824 Yahudi1858 Hebraist1879 Hymie1956 SJM1975 the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew JudeishOE Judew?a1160 Jewa1225 Jew mana1382 Israelitec1384 Hebrewc1450 Hebraean1509 Christ-killer1532 Hebrician1542 Jacobinea1625 Shylock1786 Jew boy1796 sheeny1824 ikey1836 Moses1844 Yahudi1858 Yiddisher1859 Yid1874 Semite1881 mocky1893 kike1901 five-to-two1914 Jewy1914 shonicker1914 ikeymo1922 non-Aryan1922 non-Aryan1924 four-by-two1936 shonk1938 bagel1956 Hymie1956 mock1967 yiddo1972 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 476 Ant þoledest pinen ant passiun þurh giwes read on rode. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Fforet hym com þe riche ieu þat heiste pilatus. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 35 Heȝe men..þet..sosteneþ iewes and þe caorsins. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 68 Ich holde me vilore þen a Gyw [rhymes bowe, trowe, now]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3944 O sinnu etes neuer juu [Gött. ieuu, Trin. Cambr. iew]. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 291 If Cristen preestis weren Iewen preestis. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 30 Ve prech Iesu Christ crucifeit, sclander to the Iowis and folie to the gentils. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 54 Whats his reason, I am a Iewe: Hath not a Iewe eyes. View more context for this quotation 1622 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Boston i. 2 In Rome there liued in the Apostles times many Iewes. 1710 tr. B. Telles Trav. Jesuits in Ethiopia i. viii. 38 Betwixt the Emperor's Dominions and the Cafres..there are still many of these Jews, whom they there call Falaxas, which signifies, Strangers. 1795 E. Wynne Diary 29 July in Wynne Diaries (1935) II. iii. 39 I went in the morning to see a Jewish matrimony... There were many people to see this ceremony, the Jews gave a breakfast. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Passover-bread, Passover-cake, a thin unleavened cake, used among the Jews at the festival of the Passover. 1912 H. W. C. Newte Ealing Miracle xvii. 216 Mr. Lazarus..was a non-practising Jew and worked on Saturdays. 1942 News Chron. 5 Dec. 2/2 Nothing else in Hitler's record is comparable to his treatment of the Jews...The word has gone forth that..the Jewish peoples are to be exterminated...The conscience of humanity stands aghast. 1991 Internat. Jrnl. Refugee Law 3 244 Differences in attitude were apparent between ethnic groups, for example, between Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews. 2004 V. J. Cheng Inauthentic v. 96 According to halachah.., a person's legal status as a Jew is based on matrilineal lineage. b. offensive. A hostile or contemptuous term for: a Jewish person, esp. one regarded stereotypically as scheming or excessively concerned with making or saving money; (also) a non-Jewish person regarded in this way.This and related senses (see e.g. Jew v. 1, Jewish adj. 2) reflect the widespread anti-Semitism and oppression experienced by Jewish people in predominantly Christian and Muslim societies before emancipation movements of the late 18th to 20th centuries. In medieval Europe Jewish people were commonly subject to legal restrictions including being barred from all occupations except peddling and moneylending (a practice historically forbidden to Christians and Muslims), leading to prejudice and stereotyping. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > of the worst kind Jew1508 hood-pick?a1513 miser?1577 share-penny1606 flay-flint1672 skinflint1699 flint1841 skin1900 tight-ass1969 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 217 Iudas, Iow, iuglour, Lollard laureate. 1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe v. sig. H3 If the sunne of thy bewtie, doe not white me like a shippards holland I am a Iewe to my Creator. 1700 S. Patrick Comm. Deut. xxviii. 507 Better we cannot express the most cut-throat dealing, than thus, You use me like a Jew. 1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 16 May Jacob is a regular Jew, and practises all sorts of tricks and wiles. c1861 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) I. 160 'Twould be ‘a Bargain’ for a Jew! Say—may I have it—Sir? 1920 T. S. Eliot Ara Vos Prec 14 The jew is underneath the lot. Money in furs. 1931 T. R. G. Lyell Slang, Phrase & Idiom Colloq. Eng. 428 Why waste your time asking him for a subscription? He's a perfect Jew where money's concerned. 1999 Independent 1 Feb. ii. 4/5 James needed to borrow some money from Stephen so asked him for £10. Stephen only offered to lend him five. Then came the shock. James said, as if it were no big deal: ‘Stephen, don't be a Jew.’ 2. a. With the. (A name for) an itinerant trader; a pedlar (whether Jewish or not). Now rare.For the historic association between Jewish people and peddling, see note at sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar pedder1166 pedlar1307 dustyfoota1400 tranter1500 hawker1510 jagger?1518 jowter1550 pedder-coffec1550 pedderman1552 petty chapman1553 swadder1567 packman1571 merchant1572 swigman1575 chapman?1593 aginator1623 crier1727 duffer1735 Jew pedlar1743 fogger1800 Jew1803 box wallah1826 packie1832 cadger1840 jolter1841 pack-pedlar1859 knocker1934 doorstepper1976 machinga1993 1803 G. Colman John Bull iii. ii. 43 Here's two poets, and a Poll parrot, the best image the Jew had over his head, over the mantle-piece. 1963 ‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) iv. 42 There was a guy who used to come around to the door selling stuff, and my mother called him ‘The Jew’... For her, ‘Jew’ was synonymous with pedlar. 1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 43 For us, however, ‘Jew’ was just another generic word that often included the peddlers who were Greek or Italian. When we scrounged bottles it was to sell to ‘the Jew’, who was anybody that came along buying junk. 2004 A. Mohr & G. Mohr Poverty's Child 53 My Mother-in-law had an account with a salesman that sold you things like furniture, clothes etc. He came by the same day every week and collected money on what you bought. He was called The Jew. He really was Jewish. b. Nautical and Navy slang. A ship's tailor. Cf. Jewing n.³ Now rare or disused.Tailoring was a common occupation among Jewish people in the late 19th to mid 20th centuries. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > tailor > other tailors merchant tailor1533 cardower1825 springer-up1851 whip-the-cat1851 Jew1916 1916 Chambers's Jrnl. May 278/2 They [sc. ships' tailors] were still known as ‘jews’. 1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 100 A sailor-tailor is known as a ‘Jew’. 3. Australian colloquial. A jewfish, esp. the mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus. Cf. jewfish n. 2b. ΚΠ 1882 Sydney Mail 9 Dec. 1052/2 Fish... Eels, 1s. to 1s. 6d. each; jews, 1s. to 4s. 6d. each;..kingfish, 1s. each. 1927 ‘S. Rudd’ Romance of Runnibede iv. 35 Many a huge cod, and swags of jew were hauled out of it. 1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 13 Mar. Fresh water brings down a veritable smorgasbord for jew in the form of small fish, prawns, squid and other delicacies. 2011 G. Brown How to catch Australia's Favourite Saltwater Fish vi. 84/1 Young adults (school jew, say 60 to 100 cm in length) are common in the lower rivers and embayments in the months of September and October. Phrases P1. as rich as a Jew: extremely rich. Now offensive and somewhat rare.With reference to anti-Semitic stereotypes; see note at sense 1b. ΚΠ 1683 Whigs laid Open (single sheet) I hope..Jack Ketch will be more Expert, And in time be as Rich as a Jew. a1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 190 We are apt to say, in a proverbial way, ‘as rich as a Jew’; but the Jews, take them in general, are not a rich people. 1820 Ld. Byron Blues i. 77 You forget Lady Lilac's as rich as a Jew. 1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter ix. 126 ‘Of course, you realize that I could rescue you with my little finger,’ said Mrs Wingfield. ‘I'm as rich as a Jew!’ 2014 H. Jacobson in Independent (Nexis) 11 Jan. 45 Anelka.., whichever way you look at it, has become as rich as a Jew on transfer fees (and don't dare smear me with the charge of anti-Semitism: I am not an anti-Semite). P2. King of the Jews: (a title of or name for) Jesus Christ. [After post-classical Latin rex Iudaeorum (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (New Testament).] The title occurs in all four Gospels, first in the Nativity narrative (Matthew 2:2; compare quots. c1275, a1425), and subsequently in the Passion narrative, where Pilate is said to have affixed the inscription INRI (Latin Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ‘Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews’) to the Cross above Jesus's head (compare John 19:19, and also Matthew 27:37, Mark 15:26, and Luke 23:37). ΚΠ c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 214 Hi..askede wer was se king of gyus þet was i bore. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) l. 568 (MED) Þai asked whare þe king of iews was born and till him ofrandes broght. c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 160 (MED) Hayl..Ihesu Criste..kynge of Iues, wey of swetnes, [etc.]. 1673 E. Stillingfleet Serm. i. viii. 145 The Elogium of his Cross, Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews. 1836 Illustr. of New Test. ‘The Crucifixion’ Having crucified him between two common thieves, an inscription was fixed over his head, at the command of Pilate, Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews;—it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. 1993 Times 11 Dec. 17/5 ‘Judge not that ye be not judged’ is hardly a maxim which the King of the Jews applied to himself or his Father. 2011 L. G. Fennell I must tell Jesus xliii. 389 Jesus isn't only the King of the Jews but he is king of all nations. Compounds C1. With other nouns, with the sense ‘that is a Jewish person’, as in Jew agitator, Jew broker, Jew physician, Jew merchant, etc. Now chiefly derogatory and offensive.In early use sometimes used as a simple designation without specific derogatory intent (though often in depreciative contexts). Jewish is the more acceptable equivalent term.In some cases, esp. in later use, Jew could instead be interpreted as an adjective. ΚΠ a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 84 And crucify his Saviour worse Than those Jew-Troopers, that threw out, When they were raffling for his coat. 1731 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 403/1 Dr. Bass, a noted Jew Physician in St Mary Axe. 1779 St. James's Chron. 30 Oct. The Jew Brokers, who frighten weak-minded Stockholders with some bloody bad News, and then pick their Pockets. 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 390/1 The vitals are eaten out of Old England by subsidies, loan-contractors, and Jew-jobbers. 1843 T. B. Macaulay Let. 7 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 202 A street like those occupied by Jew clothesmen in Wapping. 1917 T. S. Eliot Let. 31 Oct. (1988) I. 206 Burnham is a Jew merchant, named Lawson (sc. Levi-sohn?). 1996 E. A. Proulx Accordion Crimes (1997) 114 When a klezmer band arrived in town.., the sheriff told them to keep traveling, no Jew agitators wanted in Prank. 2003 I. Bashiri tr. I. Soatov in From Hymns of Zarathustra to Songs of Borbad ii. 212 There were physicians from Greece, Rome, India working here and a lot of Jew physicians too. C2. In the names of animals and plants. a. With the first element in singular form. Jew bush n. a tropical American spurge, Euphorbia tithymaloides, previously used medicinally for its emetic properties and now cultivated as a garden plant for its bright red flowers. [Perhaps so called because it was said to grow especially in Jewish cemeteries in Caribbean islands.] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > spurges and allies > [noun] physic nut1657 milk-bush1696 milk-tree1698 poison-bush1740 jatropha1754 milky-hedge1773 milk hedge1780 chandelier plant1827 Jew bush1830 candelabrum1834 poinsettia1836 slipper-plant1848 coquillo1851 zebra poison1871 oil tree1879 picture-tree1885 slipper spurs1887 monkey fiddle1913 milk plant1965 stringwood- 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 105 The Jew Bush, or Milk plant. 1923 P. C. Standley Trees & Shrubs Mexico (Contrib. U.S. Herbarium Vol. 23, Pt. 3) 605 Pedilanthus tithymaloides... The plant is sometimes cultivated under the names ‘slipper-plant’, ‘bird-cactus’, ‘redbird cactus’, and ‘Jew-bush’. 2017 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Forum section) 33 There's the Jew-Bush, which is ‘a tropical American plant with powerful emetic properties’—and I know ‘emetic’ sounds positive, I know it sounds healing, but I checked it up and it means ‘vomiting’, so basically this is a Semitic spewing shrub. † Jew frankincense n. Obsolete rare the bark of plants of the genus Styrax, which yields an aromatic resin used in incense.Cf. Jew's frankincense n. at Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > plants and extracts used for > woods and barks sandalwood?c1510 exilila1517 sandal1526 Aspalathus1601 Jew frankincense1678 malambo1816 lign-aloes1859 1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis i. ii. 23/1 Thuris, Thymiama, Of Frankincense, Or Jew frankincense, because they use it for fumes. Jew lizard n. Australian any of several large Australian agamid lizards; spec. the Eastern bearded dragon, Pogona barbata, which has spiny scales on its throat thought to resemble a beard. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of bloodsucker1797 agamian1831 Jew lizard1833 agamoid1865 agamid1878 water dragon1908 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of genus Amphibolurus (racehorse lizard) Jew lizard1833 grammatophore1845 bloodsucker1852 racehorse lizard1923 1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales iv. 266 The Jew lizard..has a membrane that it can extend in such a manner as to form a complete ruff round its neck. 1953 Cairns (Queensland) Post 16 Nov. 8/9 Sleepy stump-tail lizards saunter across back tracks and frill-necked jew lizards still leer from fencing posts. 2007 S. Swanson Field Guide to Austral. Reptiles 108 The Eastern Bearded Dragon is an abundant and familiar lizard, also known as the Frilly Lizard or Jew Lizard. Jew plum n. Jamaican the Otaheite apple Spondias dulcis; the yellow, plum-like fruit of this tree.Also called June plum. [The semantic motivation for the name is unclear.] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > other tropical or exotic fruits tamarind1539 guava1555 genipat1568 jack1582 genipap1613 custard apple1648 star apple1693 sweet-sop1696 breadfruit1697 sugar-apple1739 sweet-apple1760 guarri1789 ackee1792 marmalade-box1796 five-corner1826 jakkalsbessie1854 Molucca berry1861 bullock's heart1866 guava-apple1866 vegetable egg1866 Jew plum1880 1880 Gardeners' Chron. 29 May 682/2 Spondias dulcis, introduced from the Society Islands to the old Botanic Garden at Bath, from whence it has spread to many parts of the island, notably on the north side, where it has obtained the name of Jew Plum. 1983 Kingston (Jamaica) Daily Gleaner 13 Jan. 21/1 Alternate slices of avocado, jew plum and grapefruit segments. 2003 O. Senior Encycl. Jamaican Heritage 231/2 Its [sc. the Hog Plum (Spondias mombin)] close relatives are the Jew Plum (S. dulcis) and Jamaican Plum (S. purpurea) which bears sweet yellow or purple fruit. b. With the first element in plural or genitive form. Jew's apple n. (also Jews' apple) the fruit of the eggplant or aubergine, Solanum melongena; the plant itself. [Perhaps so called because the aubergine may first have been introduced to the Caribbean by Jewish people; compare quot. 1756 for brown jolly n. at brown adj. Compounds 2.] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine mad-apple1578 rage apple1578 raging apple1578 raging love apple1578 verangene1587 brinjal1611 brown jolly1756 melinzane1775 melongena1785 melongene1793 aubergine1796 vegetable egg1797 egg-fruit1811 Jew's apple1838 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine > egg-plant eggplant1767 melongena1785 garden egg1811 Jew's apple1838 1838 G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants IV. 432/2 Melongene Egg-plant, Mad-apple, and Jews'-apple. 1849 J. C. Loudon Horticulturalist 606 The Egg plant, Mad Apple, or Jew's Apple, Solanum Melongea.., is an erect branchy annual, a native of Africa, and cultivated in British gardens for its fruit. 2017 J. Nathan King Solomon's Table 106 She picked up several eggplants,..so-called ‘Jew's apples’, there were big ones for salad, thin long ones for stuffing, and tiny ones for pickling or candying. † Jew's frankincense n. (also Jews frankincense) Obsolete an aromatic resin obtained from plants of the genus Styrax; (also) a plant producing such resin.Cf. Jew frankincense n. at Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > Asian > styrax tree styrax tree1579 Benjamin tree1640 storax1694 Jew's frankincense1760 styrax1832 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 305/2 Jew's Frankincense, Styrax. 1873 H. V. Sweringen Pharm. Lexicon 236/1 Jew's frankincense, gum styrax or benzoin. Jew's mallow n. (also Jews mallow, Jews' mallow) any of several mallows of (or formerly included in) the genus Corchorus; spec. (a) jute mallow, C. olitorius, which yields jute and whose young shoots and leaves are eaten as a vegetable; (b) an ornamental shrub, Kerria japonica (family Rosaceae), cultivated for its golden-yellow flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > jute plant Jew's mallow1640 jute1861 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] > other herbs maroilea1400 purslanea1400 centinode?a1425 rosemarya1425 sauce-alone1530 samphire1542 larix1548 ancoly1561 Crestmarine1565 tarragon1591 fish-basil1597 muscado1612 Jew's mallow1640 mekin1688 Tarentine1698 Shawnee salad1780 hemidesmus1809 roquette1900 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > other Asian trees or shrubs China-pea1660 pea tree1766 koelreuteria1789 stink-tree1795 ume1822 Java almond1824 weenonga1838 St. Thomas' tree1866 golden shower1882 Jew's mallow1884 mokihana1888 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum ii. lxvi. 309 The Iewes Mallow (for unto that family I referre it, both for some forme like thereunto, but more for the properties) is a small low hearbe, rising up a foote and a halfe high. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Corchorus Jews Mallow,..sown in great Plenty about Aleppo as a Pot-herb; the Jews boiling the Leaves of this Plant to eat with their Meat. 1884 S. Wood Mod. Window Gardening 113 Kerria japonica.—This plant was formerly called Corchorus Japonica, and by some it was styled Jew's Mallow. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 289 ‘Jews' Mallow’ or ‘Jute’ (Corchorus olitorius, L.)—Annual. This is one of the species that affords the well-known fibre of commerce called ‘Jute’. 1992 E. Arter Cottage Garden 50/2 A number of shrubs provide spring colour for a cottage garden. These include..the rich golden Jew's mallow (Kerria japonica). 2009 @monaeltahawy 2 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 31 May 2019) Molokhiyya is also known as Jew's mallow. In the Middle East, we eat it as a soup-like dish with chicken, rabbit. It's delicious! Jew's myrtle n. (also Jews myrtle, Jews' myrtle) (a) a variety of the common myrtle, Myrtus communis, which has leaves arranged in whorls of three rather than in pairs and is used in Jewish religious ceremonies (now rare); (b) the butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus (cf. Jews thorn n.). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > myrtles > [noun] > name applied to various types of myrtle myrtle1578 Jew's myrtle1775 tea tree1790 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > butcher's broom > [noun] knee-hollyc1000 butcher's broom1538 petigrew1538 horse-tongue1562 knee-holm1562 knee-hull1562 ruscus1562 double-tongue1578 prickly box1578 tongue-blade1578 ground-myrtle1601 uvularia1706 Alexandrian laurel1760 punnai1794 shepherd's myrtlec1840 Jew's myrtle1856 knee-hul- knee-hulver- 1775 R. Weston Flora Anglicana iii. 164 Myrtus..trilatifolia... Three-leaved, or Jews Myrtle. 1856 Notes & Queries 2nd Ser. 1 432/2 In some parts of Kent it [sc. Ruscus aculeatus] is called ‘Jews' Myrtle’; and it is the popular belief, that the crown of thorns..was composed of its branches. 1894 J. C. Sawer Odorographia II. 69 Broad-leaved Jews' myrtle. This variety has its leaves frequently in threes, on which account it is said to be in esteem among the Jews in their religious ceremonies. 1998 D. Squire Healing Garden 135/2 Butcher's Broom, Ruscus aculeatus (also known as Knee Holly, Box Holly, and Jew's Myrtle), is a shrubby evergreen with pretty cherry-sized, sealing-wax-red berries. Jews thorn n. (also Jews' thorn, Jew's thorn) any of several thorny shrubs; esp. Christ's thorn Paliurus spina-christi. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > [noun] > other thorn-trees paliurec1384 paliurusa1398 sea-willow1548 Christ's thorn1553 buckler-thorn1562 garland-thorn1597 goat's thorn1597 Jews thorn1597 milk-vetch1597 sea-buckthorn1731 Spanish hedgehog thorn1760 sensitive briar1802 lily thorn1816 sallow thorn1847 cat-brier1875 1597 J. Gerard Herball Table Eng. Names Iewes thorne, that is Christs thorne. [ iii. 1153 This shrubbie thorne Paliurus was the thorne wherewith they crowned our Sauiour Christ.] 1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 85/1 Paliurus, Jews thorn, It is drying and binding, stops fluxes. 1981 K. Krapohl tr. L. Ivo Snakes' Nest 48 One day, the succession of coral trees, Jew's thorns, and pebbles came to an end, and they arrived in the promised land, which had been green and moist. C3. General compounds. a. With the first element in singular form. Jew bail n. derogatory (now rare or disused) the fraudulent practice of acting as bail to a prisoner for a fee, with the intention of absconding if later called upon; a person acting in this way (cf. quot. 1819 at queer adj.² 1).The practice was formerly associated with impoverished Jewish people. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > bailing or bail > [noun] > worthless bail Jew bail1771 straw bail1853 1771 (title) The merchant's complaint to the lawyers at the Devil. Shewing the hardships, inconveniences, and injustice, to which every honest man of property is exposed, from jew bail, sham pleas, demurrers, writs of error, and injunction bills. 1820 Times 21 Nov. He read an affidavit stating him to be a common Jew bail, and setting forth instances in which he had become bail for hire. 1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 63/2 Jew bail, bail furnished by an insolvent person. Jew-bait v. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] transitive to harass, abuse, or provoke intentionally (a Jewish person or Jewish people); to subject to Jew-baiting. ΚΠ 1892 Sat. Rev. 18 June 700/2 [He] is always going about Jew-baiting and to Jew-bait with pen or sword. 1910 M. Fluegel Exodus, Moses, & Decalogue Legislation 252 Even in Germany it is fashionable to Jew-bait, belittle the Hebrew, set him down as an alien. 2016 Internat. N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. 2 The main character..gets Jew-baited on live TV by a glib Russian oligarch. Jew-baiter n. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] a person who engages in harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people, or in the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person Jew-hater1813 anti-Semite1880 Jew-baiter1883 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/1 [They] are now in full possession of the case of the German jew-baiters against the Jews. 1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 145 Julius Streicher, most notorious of Jew-baiters, was captured by the Americans. 2019 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 26 Feb. 9 These governments..have pledged to combat antisemitism and purge Jew-baiters from their midst. Jew-baiting n. and adj. [in use as noun after German Judenhetze Judenhetze n.] (a) n. the harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people; the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment; (b) adj. of, relating to, or engaging in such behaviour. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews Jew-hating1839 Jew-baiting1867 Judenhetze1872 anti-Semiticism1880 anti-Semitism1880 Jew-hatred1881 1867 Times 27 Feb. 5/1 The people, after the fashion of mobs in Bohemia and Hungary, could not refrain from their favourite pastime of Jew baiting. 1898 Sketch 19 Oct. 566/2 To yield on the point would give the howling hounds of the Jew-baiting pack a new and possibly a victorious cry. 1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 203 The brutalities began on April 23, and it was clear that the scheme of Jew-baiting had been worked out in readiness for the ‘Anschluss’. 2006 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Nov. 51 Borat..paints his homeland as a backward, racist, women-hating, Jew-baiting domain filled with inbred idiots and trashy prostitutes. Jew Bill n. historical in later use (a name for) any of various legislative bills designed to mitigate discrimination against Jewish people; cf. Jewish emancipation n. at Jewish adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > law > types of laws > [noun] > relating to ethnic minorities Fleming-lauche?c1629 black code1749 Jew Bill1753 Nuremberg Laws1937 Group Area1950 1724 Newcastle Courant 28 Mar. 4 The Lords passed the Bill relating to the Oaths. 'Tis said that a Clause mentioned in our Former, in Favour of the Jews Bill, was opposed by the A. B. of C–—, the Bp. of C–—r, and Bp. of P–—w.] 1753 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 23 June I would fain know how Lord W–—n and Sir J—s D——d have distinguish'd themselves against the Jew-Bill. 1820 National Advocate (N.Y.) 17 Oct. The Editors of the National Intelligencer..have republished Mr Kennedy's speech on what was called the Jew Bill. 1865 R. Masheder Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone ii. iv. 188 Immediately after the General Election of 1847 the Jew Bill was introduced. 1907 Jewish Q. Rev. 19 773 The former Ministry..had never been really united in support of any of the numerous Jew Bills. 2014 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 8 Jan. 15 Until Maryland's ‘Jew Bill’ passed in 1826, all public officials in that state were sworn into office with a Christian oath. Jew boy n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish male. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew JudeishOE Judew?a1160 Jewa1225 Jew mana1382 Israelitec1384 Hebrewc1450 Hebraean1509 Christ-killer1532 Hebrician1542 Jacobinea1625 Shylock1786 Jew boy1796 sheeny1824 ikey1836 Moses1844 Yahudi1858 Yiddisher1859 Yid1874 Semite1881 mocky1893 kike1901 five-to-two1914 Jewy1914 shonicker1914 ikeymo1922 non-Aryan1922 non-Aryan1924 four-by-two1936 shonk1938 bagel1956 Hymie1956 mock1967 yiddo1972 1796 P. Colquhoun Treat. Police of Metropolis vi. 133 Jew Boys..go out every morning loaded with counterfeit Copper, which they exchange for bad Shillings, to be afterwards coloured anew, and again put into circulation. 1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds II. liii. 361 You used to be very wicked, and say he was once a Jew-boy in the streets. 1948 J. Baldwin in Commentary Oct. 334/2 Jules Weissman, a Jewboy, had got the room for me. 2019 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 5 Mar. a1 I've had kids throw change on the floor and say, ‘Pick it up, Jew boy.’ † Jew brandy n. Obsolete a type of liquor flavoured with aniseed, formerly distilled by Jewish people in Morocco.Probably denoting a clear brandy known as mahia, distilled from figs. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > types of brandy Nants1653 French brandy1655 snapdragon1676 Cognac brandy1687 guildive1698 aguardiente1752 cognac1755 Armagnac1797 Jew brandy1817 pisco1825 Cape smoke1846 marc1848 fine champagne1864 burnt brandy1880 dop1889 grape-brandy1892 grappa1893 beno1903 V.S.O.P.1907 jackass brandy1909 fine1923 Napoleon brandy1930 Remy Martin1932 framboise1933 mampoer1934 witblits1934 Metaxa1938 Soberano1963 Napoleon1968 1816 M. Keatinge Trav. Europe & Afr. II. 5 The only spiritous liquor procurable in this country [sc. Morocco]..is Jew's brandy strongly impregnated with aniseed.] 1817 J. Riley Authentic Narr. Loss Amer. Brig Commerce xxvii. 202 The women..were refreshed by eating cakes, and drinking copious draughts of anniseed, Jew brandy. 1850 W. S. Mayo Berber xxvi. 300 Strong doses of Jew brandy, well spiced with aniseed. Jew butcher n. now chiefly offensive and rare a Jewish butcher; esp. a kosher butcher. ΚΠ 1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) ii. xix. 213 Thus you see the Iew-butcher had need be no botcher, but halfe a Physitian in Anatomizing. 1833 S. Harris Hist. & Conversion 33 The Jews must not eat any flesh meat whatsoever unless the animal has been killed by a Jew butcher, and in the Jewish way. 1912 E. Hofer Jack Norton vi. 109 The big fat Jew butcher had a heart of gold. a1962 E. L. Wallant in D. D. Galloway Edward Lewis Wallant (1979) iv. 65 The girl's Polish father talks about getting money from the ‘Jew butcher’. † Jew cart n. Obsolete rare a cart used to carry stolen goods. ΚΠ 1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xviii. 127 Then we have what we call Jew Carts, always ready to take [stolen] goods inland, where they will not be looked after. Jewcraft n. derogatory and offensive conduct or behaviour stereotypically regarded as characteristic of Jewish people. ΚΠ 1769 J. Shebbeare Lydia (ed. 2) I. xxxi. 274 [He] must have had this jew-craft among his reasons for endeavouring to naturalize the Jews. 1839 United Service Mag. Feb. 255 Many of these faithful fellows were victims of the Jew-craft which gave them the handsome consideration of four years' purchase. 1901 Musical Times 1 Sept. 594/1 Glasenapp tells us that Wagner found the musical press of St. Petersburg and Moscow untainted by Jewcraft (Judenschaft). 2012 @gmskarka 30 Nov. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Damn it, now I want a knish. Try to find one in Kansas, you risk get[ting] burned at the stake for practicing ‘Jewcraft’. Jew-free adj. [after German judenfrei (end of the 19th cent. or earlier; frequent during the years of the Nazi regime, 1933–45)] characterized by the absence of Jewish people. ΚΠ 1898 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 4/3 In one [school in Vienna] there are mixed and ‘Jew-free’ classes; in another the Semites are at one end, the Gentiles at the other. 1939 Jewish Veteran Nov. 7/2 Authorities have told the Jewish community that Vienna must be ‘Jew-free’ by March 1, 1940. 2018 Stanford Daily (Stanford Univ., Calif.) (Nexis) 25 June 1 Never is heard a word about..the 200,000 Jewish Israelis who will lose their homes as the Palestinian ‘Jew free’ West Bank state is established. Jew girl n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish female. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew > woman Jewessc1390 Hebrewess1535 Jew girl1796 1796 E. Wynne Diary 11 Dec. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1937) II. ix. 139 Before having ever seen us she declared that we were all excepting the youngest, like little crows and Jew girls. 1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos x. 45 Wives, jew-girls, nuns. 1996 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 11 Nov. At school, in London's East End, she was taunted as ‘Becky the Jew-girl!’ Jew-hater n. a person who hates Jewish people; an anti-Semitic person. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person Jew-hater1813 anti-Semite1880 Jew-baiter1883 1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/1 When was a Jewess guilty of adultery? Let the Jew-haters of the Morning Post and Herald look to this. 1935 Evening Tel. & Post (Dundee) 26 July 4/5 Miss Mitford adds, ‘I am a Jew hater.’ 2006 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 Aug. 13 As letters editor, I am accustomed to receiving a small but steady stream of racist mail from a tiny handful of rabid Jew-haters. Jew-hatred n. hatred of Jewish people; anti-Semitism; cf. Jew-hating n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews Jew-hating1839 Jew-baiting1867 Judenhetze1872 anti-Semiticism1880 anti-Semitism1880 Jew-hatred1881 1881 Dublin Evening Tel. 5 Jan. German Jew hatred... The author..maintains that the causes of the Judenhetze in Germany are exclusively social and in no degree religious. 1918 Pennsylvania Gaz. 22 Mar. 654/2 Jew-hatred runs through history in a practically unbroken current back to the beginning of the Christian era. 2018 Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 Oct. a11 One would have hoped that following the Holocaust, the world would have been shaken out of its Jew hatred. Jew joke n. a joke making fun of Jewish people; cf. Jewish joke n. at Jewish adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1896 Critic (N.Y.) 15 Feb. 106/2 There are the Jew joke, the tramp joke, the Irish joke..—a weary treadmill indeed for the humorist to tread. 1944 Chicago Defender 11 Mar. 13/4 When I remember the agony of lynched Jews in Germany..I can't laugh at ‘Jew jokes’. 2006 N. R. L. Atkinson Jewish Identity Devel. in College (Ph.D. diss., State Univ. N.Y. at Buffalo) vi. 163 A lot of my friends make Jew jokes... I get cheap jokes and nose jokes and some that don't make any sense at all. Jew-looking adj. now chiefly derogatory and offensive having an appearance (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person. ΚΠ 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 45 There was a Jew-looking man, that plied at the Wells with a box of spectacles. 1845 Sportsman's Mag. 6 Sept. 302/1 A Jew-looking gentleman named John Morris. 2012 @dogemanx 13 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Apparently I'm a ‘Jew-looking business type’. Sorry probably coked up lady at the h2o show, I won't be your showbiz manager. Jew man n. in later use chiefly derogatory and offensive a Jewish man; (formerly also) a moneylender; a pedlar. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew JudeishOE Judew?a1160 Jewa1225 Jew mana1382 Israelitec1384 Hebrewc1450 Hebraean1509 Christ-killer1532 Hebrician1542 Jacobinea1625 Shylock1786 Jew boy1796 sheeny1824 ikey1836 Moses1844 Yahudi1858 Yiddisher1859 Yid1874 Semite1881 mocky1893 kike1901 five-to-two1914 Jewy1914 shonicker1914 ikeymo1922 non-Aryan1922 non-Aryan1924 four-by-two1936 shonk1938 bagel1956 Hymie1956 mock1967 yiddo1972 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Esther ii. 5 Þer was forsoþe a Jew man in þe cite of susis mardocheus by name..þe whiche was þe nurse of þe doȝter of his broþer edisse. 1696 C. Ness 4th Vol. Sacred Hist.& Myst. New-Test. i. x. 43 Oh Glorious condescension, not only that being a Jew-man should ask Drink of a Samaritan Woman,..but also that He..should thus wait here upon a poor Woman for a draught of Water. 1768 Trial F. Calvert 30 The little Jew man..was sent with the letter that I wrote. 1824 J. Galt Rothelan II. v. iii. 201 Tak tent how ye bargain wi' the Jewmen. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 327 I'll brain that bloody jewman for using the holy name. 1985 M. Johnston Around Banks of Pimlico 114 My mother's last involvement with the jew-men was when she borrowed for my Confirmation from Mr Glick. 2018 @ThatSchoolcraft 18 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Who remembers those two old Jew men in the balcony of the Muppet Show? † Jew pedlar n. Obsolete a Jewish pedlar (cf. sense 2a). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar pedder1166 pedlar1307 dustyfoota1400 tranter1500 hawker1510 jagger?1518 jowter1550 pedder-coffec1550 pedderman1552 petty chapman1553 swadder1567 packman1571 merchant1572 swigman1575 chapman?1593 aginator1623 crier1727 duffer1735 Jew pedlar1743 fogger1800 Jew1803 box wallah1826 packie1832 cadger1840 jolter1841 pack-pedlar1859 knocker1934 doorstepper1976 machinga1993 1743 Daily Post 9 July 1/3 Early yesterday Morning one Moses Gabrier, a Jew Pedlar..was found robb'd and murder'd in St. George's-Fields. 1851 M. Lissack Jewish Perseverance 30 I heard him..address a poor Jew pedlar, who was in the habit of leaving his uncomfortable home very early to visit the neighbouring villages. 1919 J. Cournos Mask vi. 199 He knew what it was to be a Jew pedlar, the object of ridicule and reviling. Jew toll n. historical a toll formerly levied on Jewish people for travelling between certain places or areas.More usually known as the Leibzoll. The toll originated in the Holy Roman Empire and was imposed in most European states from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century. ΚΠ 1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/2 At this place there was formerly a Jew-toll. 1893 D. Philpson in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 361 The Jew could not travel from place to place without paying the Jew-toll. 1989 P. Kahn Stitch in Time i. 19 When Jews traveled out of ghettos in some areas, the government leveled ‘Jew Tolls’. b. With the first element in plural or genitive form. Jew's eye n. now chiefly historical and rare (used proverbially for) something valued highly; esp. in worth a Jew's eye: worth a great deal; very valuable. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > thing of worth treasurec1200 margaritea1325 druery1340 store1410 relica1425 gemc1560 Jew's eye1593 worthy1598 wealth1650 gold dust1690 nugget1853 white gold1921 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 85 A souerain Rule, as deare as a Iewes eye. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. v. 42 There will come a Christian by will be worth a Iewes eye . View more context for this quotation 1786 Leeds Intelligencer 28 Mar. It is very common for people, in speaking of any thing valuable, to say 'tis worth a Jew's eye. 1848 W. H. Maxwell Brian O'Linn xiv. 102/1 I dreaded what was to come, and would have given a Jew's eye to have been safe in my sanctum. 1950 Citizen (Gloucester) 22 June 4/3 The phrase ‘Worth a Jew's eye’ which is used to signify anything of great value probably comes to us from the days of King John, who extorted large sums of money from the Jews under threat of mutilation. Jews' houses n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) (a name for) the remains of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' tin n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores > for tin ore Jews' houses1814 burning-house1849 1814 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 26 Feb. Jew's houses, which bear indubitable marks of their once being appropriated to the purpose of smelting Tin. 1905 Trans. Soc. Engineers 1904 191 It was supposed that, when the Phœnicians came to Cornwall for tin, the Jews had the conduct of all the negotiations... From time to time remains of furnaces called ‘Jew's houses’ have been discovered. 2004 Times 10 Apr. (Weekend Review section) 6/4 For centuries the smelting houses of the tinners were known as ‘Jew's houses’. † Jew's letter n. Obsolete a text inscribed in Hebrew on a phylactery, regarded as the outward symbol or badge of a Jewish person. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > phylactery > text inscribed on Jew's letter1590 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. D3^v Iewes letter scrible scrable ouer the Copurtenaunce of a mans countenaunce. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A fouler blot then a Iewes letter..in the foreheads of Cælius and Curio. † Jews' lime n. Obsolete asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews'-slime n. [With the semantic motivation compare Jews' pitch n. Compare Dutch jodenlijms (1569 in the passage translated in quot. 1579).] ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt asphalt1366 glue1382 botemayc1400 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 slime1530 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 tar1747 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt asphalt1366 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&iii/1 Whyche name sygnifiethe a thynge compounde of pytche, and the Iues lyme. 1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church 333 Here vnder you may also mingle some Iewes lime [Du. Jodenlijms], or Bitumen, which is a verie tough and cleauing substance, wherewithall the citie and Towre of Babylon was wont to be bound and it is drawen out of the poole and dead sinke of Sodom and Gomorre. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 188 Iewes lime drunk in water..prescribed for a remedy of this euill. 1854 in T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais Wks. (new ed.) 374 (note) That is, a certain stuff like pitch, being the substance of embalmed bodies, from Arabia; or else made of Jews lime, a bitumen so called. Jews' money n. English regional (historical and rare in later use) any ancient coin or coins found or dug up in some parts of England. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Roman > as found or dug up Jews' money1577 swine penny1610 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xvii. f. 92^v/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Some peeces or other are dayly taken vppe, which they call borowe pence, dwarfes mony,..Iewes money, and by other foolishe names not woorthie to be remembred. 1968 H. L. V. Fletcher Portrait Wye Valley xiv. 103 This story of coins being found is constantly heard. At Hay the name for it was ‘Jews' money’. Jews' pitch n. now chiefly historical asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews' lime n. [After classical Latin bitumen Iudaicum, itself after Hellenistic Greek ἄσϕαλτος Ἱουδαϊκή (Galen). Apparently so called because the substance is found in large quantities in the vicinity of the Dead Sea (formerly called the Asphaltite Lake (see asphaltite adj.) or the Asphaltic Lake (see asphaltic adj.) on account of this fact: compare quot. 1816).] ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt asphalt1366 glue1382 botemayc1400 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 slime1530 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 tar1747 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt asphalt1366 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. xxxj^v in Bulwarke of Defence Wilde Aspaltum, which is a thing compounded, and made of Iewes, Pitche, Castor, Opopanax, Galbanum, Mummy, Centaurie, Aristologia longa, wilde yelowe Carettes, ana.℈.i. of Honie. 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. i. 40 Asphaltum, Jew's Pitch. 1816 tr. P. F. Tingry Painter & Varnisher's Guide (ed. 2) 1 Asphaltum..issues in a liquid form from the bottom of the lake Asphaltis in Judæa; and hence the name of Jew's pitch [Fr. Bitume de Judée]. 2009 Green Mountains Rev. i. 82 Bitumen of Judea or, vulgarly, Jew's pitch Upon a pewter plate. Jew's poker n. now rare a non-Jewish person employed to light or tend fires for Jewish people on the Sabbath (a task included under Jewish religious law in the prohibition against work on the Sabbath); cf. Shabbos goy n. ΚΠ 1891 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 17 May 11/4 Jane Marshall..used to get her living lighting the Jews' fires on Saturdays. She was what is known as a ‘Jews' poker.’ 1974 F. Ross Oreo (2000) xiii. 172 She's a Jew's poker. Take care the sinnygogue fo' 'em on Sat'd'ys. † Jews'-slime n. [compare slime n. 1b and the etymological note at Jews' pitch n., and also earlier Jews' lime n.] Obsolete rare asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. slime n. 1b, Jews' lime n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt asphalt1366 glue1382 botemayc1400 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 slime1530 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 tar1747 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt asphalt1366 pitcha1425 bitumena1464 Jews' lime1543 Jews' pitch1562 Jews'-slime1640 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) x. §104 Salt-peter, brimstone, Jews-slime, petrol,..are called minerall juices. Jews' tin n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) any lump or lumps of tin found on the sites of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' houses n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > lumps of tin found in furnaces Jews' tin1828 1828 London Mag. May 198 In the Cornish mines, fragments of a peculiar sort of tin are, to this day, known to the miners by the name of Jews' tin, derived from some remote tradition that these shafts were actually worked by that people. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 162 In the reign of King John, the mines [were] principally in the hands of the Jews..remains of furnaces, called Jews' houses, have been discovered, and small blocks of tin, known as Jews' tin, have..been found in the mining localities. 1908 D. Raeburn Hoodman Grey iii. 33 The old smelting-houses are still called Jews' houses, and blocks of Jews' tin are constantly found. 2014 R. Hayman Holy Grail & Holy Thorn ix. 111 Old specimens of metal were Jew's Tin. Derivatives ˈJew-like adv. and adj. often derogatory and offensive (a) adv. in a manner (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person; (b) adj. (stereotypically) characteristic of a Jewish person. ΚΠ 1604 H. Broughton Aduert. Corrupt. Handling Relig. sig. K3 Iewes & Gentiles hold that Ismaels mocking of Isaaks is the beginning: which some referre Iewlike to Isaaks birth. 1688 J. Whalley Præcognita Astrologica 7 No state but Ruine can satisfy their Jew-like desires. 1808 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 172 Through the means of a jew-like commerce with the revolted slaves. 1906 F. J. Stimson In Cure of her Soul xlvii. 422 Markoff,..said Radnor, ‘nosing around, Jewlike..’, had discovered, in London, a thirst for brewing properties. 2014 M. Birchwood & M. Dimmock in A. Hadfield et al. Ashgate Res. Compan. Pop. Culture Early Mod. Eng. xiii. 218 An assertion of their Jew-like qualities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Jewv. Brit. /dʒuː/, U.S. /dʒu/ Forms: Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Jew n. Etymology: < Jew n. (compare sense 1b at that entry). Compare slightly earlier Jewing adj. colloquial. 1. transitive. To get or try to get the better of (a person) by charging too much or paying too little; to cheat or swindle (out of something); (occasionally) to haggle over (something). offensive.In this and other senses with reference to anti-Semitic stereotypes; cf. Jew n. 1b and note. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)] bargain1483 to make a (also one's) mart1562 to make a (also one's) market of1579 huckster1642 needle1819 Jew1825 pricea1845 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > circumvent or overreach overgoc1275 circumvene1526 circumvent1564 undercreep1592 overreach1594 circuit1614 out-juggle1620 outwit?1630 out-plot1648 overwit1671 Cretizea1673 outjockey1714 to steal a march1771 to get over ——1784 Jew1825 outfox1872 outsmart1926 blindside1968 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of undergoa1325 circumvene1526 crossbitec1555 circumvent1564 gleek1577 outreach1579 fob1583 overreach1594 fub1600 encompassa1616 out-craftya1616 out-knave1648 mump1649 jockey1708 come1721 nail1735 slew1813 Jew1825 to sew up1837 to play (it) low down (on)1864 outfox1872 beat1873 outcraft1879 to get a beat on1889 old soldier1892 to put one over1905 to get one over on1912 to get one over1921 outsmart1926 shaft1959 1825 Constitutional Adv. (Frankfort, Kentucky) 15 Dec. 3/1 We hope, for the honour and character of the state, that neither the legislature nor the people, will Jew the items of expence. 1833 L. Dow Dealings of God (1849) 189 If they [sc. the Jews] will Jew people, they cannot flourish among Yankees, who are said to ‘out-jew’ them in trading. 1847 W. Irving Let. 30 Apr. in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. i. 7 Some mode of screwing and jewing the world out of more interest than one's money is entitled to. 1919 Jrnl. Switchmen's Union N. Amer. May 292/1 The commission..figured that he was only Jewing them anyway. You know the Jew asks more than he really expects. 1946 W. G. Hammond Remembrance of Amherst 121 Both here and at the mountain top we were unmercifully jewed for all the refreshments. 2000 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 June a1 An associate of Mr. Cobb's once told Mr. Levy that he had been ‘jewed’ out of something, and Mr. Cobb called to demand an apology. 2. intransitive. To get or try to get the better of a person by charging too much or paying too little; to haggle. offensive.See note at sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)] > drive down (prices or a person) by bargaining haggle1589 cheapen1655 screw1677 to beat down1793 to jew down1835 banter1839 Jew1851 ike1932 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 368/1 They [some of the ladies in the squares]..sets to work Jewing away as hard as they can, pricing up their own things, and downcrying yourn. 1872 Chicago Tribune 14 Oct. 8/2 The prices [for lodging] asked vary—the lodger being generally asked as much as it is thought he will give. If he jews, he will get it for comparatively little. 1984 D. L. Hartline Vietnam: What a Soldier Gives v. 31 He was jewing with them about the prices. 2005 O. King We’re All in this Together (2006) 168 In the clubhouse Pelky asked each player for a donation, dollar minimum. To the shortchangers, he said, ‘Don't you Jew around with me now, boy.’ Phrasal verbs to jew down transitive. To drive (a person) down in price by haggling; to drive (a price) down by haggling. offensive.See note at main sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)] > drive down (prices or a person) by bargaining haggle1589 cheapen1655 screw1677 to beat down1793 to jew down1835 banter1839 Jew1851 ike1932 1835 Indiana Jrnl. 12 June Ever since 1816 we have had a claim of seventy three millions of francs against France. Gen. Jackson sends Rives over to attend to it; he acted like a horse jockey, and told them if he could not get all he would take less—he was jewed down. 1893 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 494/2 The cheapest one cost nine dollars, an' that after I'd jewed the price down some. 1937 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 25 Thought we might get the divorce a little under fifty dollars. Maybe we might jew the young man down. 2015 A. Titley tr. M. Ó Cadhain Dirty Dust iv. 107 The bargaining began. He wanted to Jew me down to nothing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1225v.1825
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Jewn.

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Jewv.

Phrasal verbs