Javan.

Brit.

/ˈdʒɑːvə/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɑvə/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Java.

Etymology: < Java (Javanese Jawa, Malay Jawa, Indonesian Jawa), the name of a large island in the Malay Archipelago, now part of Indonesia.Java is attested earlier as a place name in English contexts (see below). The origin of the island's name is uncertain and disputed. Compare French Java (1298 in Old French in Marco Polo), Portuguese Java (a1515 as Jaõa ), Dutch Java (1574 or earlier, formerly also Iava ). In early use, lesser Java (or a variation of this) is sometimes used to denote a different island (now usually identified as Sumatra), apparently ultimately following Marco Polo's account of 1298; subsequently, greater Java (or a variation of this) is used to denote Java, which is smaller in area, but was politically dominant at Marco Polo's time. Marco Polo himself only uses Java for this island; post-classical Latin Iaua maior also denotes Java on early 17th-cent. Dutch charts, without a corresponding ‘lesser Java’; compare Dutch groot Iava (J. van Linschoten 1596). In English, the identification of the ‘lesser Java’ appears to have been unclear even in early use (compare e.g. quot. 1582, listing Sumatra alongside both Javas). In the 14th-cent. account of the Italian traveller Odorigo da Porpedone, by contrast, the islands of Java and Sumatra are clearly distinguished (compare quot. 1599). Compare the following early examples:1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. E.vii There are two Ilandes of thys name, as Iaua the more & Iaua the lesse.1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xv. f. 252 There are also the worthy Ilands of Moluccus,..Sumatra,..Iaua Maior, and Minor, Bornio, Timor, and others.1599 R. Hakluyt tr. Odoric of Pordenone in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 56 Then I traueled further vnto another island called Iaua, the compasse whereof by sea is 3000. miles.a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Lang. & Relig. (1614) 84 The Sea coasts of Sumatra, the ports of Iaua, with the Isle of Sunda..are in the hands of Mahumetans.1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 31 We..steer'd right upon Great Java, whereof Batavia is the chief Town. In the use denoting the programming language (sense 9) apparently originally with allusion to sense 7; compare the following German translation of an interview with S. McNealy, one of the developers (original English apparently not recorded):1996 Spiegel 4 Nov. 243 Ich glaube, wir haben sie so genannt, weil bei der Entwicklung irrsinnig viel Kaffee getrunken wurde [‘I think we called it that, because insane quantities of coffee were drunk during its development’].The name of the programming language was trademarked in or after 1995; there was also an earlier trademark for the same name applied to programs for analysing video images (1988).

I. Compounds.

1. Java sparrow n. a small waxbill of Java and Bali, Padda oryzivora (family Estrildidae), with a large red bill and black-and-white head, which has long been popular as a cage bird and has been widely introduced, but can be a pest of rice crops.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Estrildidae (wax-bill) > genus Padda (Java sparrow)

rice sparrow1704

paddy bird1727

Java sparrow1743

ricebird1743

1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 42 Some People using the India Trade, who have seen these Birds, call them Java Sparrows, and others, Indian Sparrows, and affirm they are found in Java.

1769 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) The aviary..is a most beautiful collection of smaller birds—tumblers, waxbills,..Java sparrows.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 500/2 Rice Bird, one of the names of the Paddy Bird, Paddee Bird, or Java Sparrow (Loxia oryzivora of Linnæus).

1891 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 20 Feb. (Suppl.) S. 528/3 Cutthroats, silver bills, waxbills..spice birds, Java sparrows.

1922 E. V. Lucas Genevra's Money xix. 132 Little foreign birds for the most part, avadavats, Java sparrows, budgerigars.

1934 Science 20 Apr. 7/1 Not only parrots..are susceptible to psittacosis..but also the canary, bullfinch, nonpareil, Java sparrow, [etc.].

2003 Bird Keeper June 29/3 Timor sparrows (Lonchura fuscata ), Java sparrows (L. oryzivora ) and Javan munias (L. leucogastroides ) all appeared to have constructed them [sc. cock-nests].

2. Java coffee n. coffee beans produced on Java and nearby islands; a strong, dark, sweet coffee made from these.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee from specific place

Arabian coffee1674

Java coffee1764

mocha1773

Java1805

Rio1817

Blue Mountain coffee1879

Blue Mountain1882

Santos1888

Jamaica1899

Mysore1907

Kenya coffee1921

Chagga1957

Continental roast1958

arabica1959

1764 A. Anderson Hist. Origin Commerce II. 420 Twelve thousand three hundred and sixty-eight pounds from Mocha: so greatly had they improved their Java coffee.

1820 J. Crawfurd Hist. Indian Archipel. III. ix. v. 374 Pale or new Java coffee bears the same prices as the coffees of St Domingo and Cuba.

1882 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Aug. 192/1 A picul of Java coffee weights one hundred and thirty-three and one-third pounds.

1922 W. H. Ukers All about Coffee xxii. 283/1 The total sales of Java coffee in Holland for the century were somewhat more than a quarter of a billion pounds.

2000 J. J. Connolly Layer Cake (2004) 203 Feet up, doing The Times crossword, eating a tuna Sicilian sandwich, drinking Java coffee.

3. In the names of plants occurring in or associated with Java, and products obtained from them.

a. Java pepper n. the cubeb, Piper cubeba, a climbing plant native to the Malay Archipelago; (also) a pungent spice produced from the dried fruit of this plant, used as a flavouring and (esp. formerly) medicinally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > fruit or seed > cubeb berry

cubebc1300

cubeb pepper1693

Java pepper1794

1794 Monthly Rev. 1793 12 554 The Java pepper is deemed better than any other, except the Malabar.

1824 Lancet 15 May 201/1 Why, said he, it is a species of Java pepper.

1864 W. Frazer Elements Materia Med. (ed. 2) 337 Cubebs, or Java pepper, are gathered both from cultivated and wild plants; the unripe berries, after being collected are dried in the sun.

1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xx. 615 Cubebs or Java Pepper. Piper Cubeba. A climbing shrub, native of Java and the Moluccas... The berries are coarsely ground and distilled with steam, the yield of oil being from 10 to 18 per cent... Cubeb oil.

1995 Gourmet Mar. 78/3 Goat cheese dressed with a touch of that olive oil and freshly ground Java pepper.

b. Java almond n. a large tree of the Malay Archipelago, Canarium luzonicum (formerly called C. commune; family Burseraceae), which has a distinctive buttressed trunk and is a source of the elemi resin; (also) the edible seeds of this tree, from which an oil is obtained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > other Asian trees or shrubs

China-pea1660

pea tree1766

koelreuteria1789

stink-tree1795

ume1822

Java almond1824

weenonga1838

St. Thomas' tree1866

golden shower1882

Jew's mallow1884

mokihana1888

1824 A. Moon Catal. Indigenous & Exotic Plants Ceylon 68 (table) Canarium..commune..Java-Almond.

1880 R. Bentley & H. Trimen Medicinal Plants I. §61 The seeds known as Java Almonds yield by expression a bland fixed oil, which resembles almond oil.

1916 E. V. Wilcox Trop. Agric. ix. 140 The Pili nut is native of Malay... It is also cultivated in Java, where it is called the Java almond.

2002 E. A. Weiss Spice Crops v. 93 In Indonesia, Canarium commune L., the kanari or Java almond, is often chosen as it bears an edible fruit, the pili nut.

c. Java plum n. the South Asian tree Syzygium cumini (family Myrtaceae), cultivated for its fruit and as a shade tree; (also) the edible, dark crimson fruit produced by this tree; also called jambo, jambolan.

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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > other tropical or exotic fruit-trees or -plants

tamarind1614

star apple1693

seven-year apple1731

wild mangosteen1753

peach1760

ackee1792

Java plum1829

abiu1834

jambu1834

jakkalsbessie1854

calabash-nutmeg1866

jambolan1866

Chinese gooseberry1925

1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 418 C[alyptranthes] Jambolana, frequently called the Java plum, bears a black esculent berry.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 483/1 S[yzygium] Jambolanum..planted near villages..chiefly on account of its fruit, which is sometimes called Java plum by Europeans, but Jamoon by the natives.

1914 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) No. 8. 270 Java Plum (Eugenia Jambolana)—This tree is met with here and there in the coast belt and grows to a large size.

1998 Independent 3 Aug. i. 13/4 He gathers..jamuns, the sticky black fruit from the ornamental java plum trees, which Sir Edward Lutyens insisted on planting along New Delhi's most imposing avenues more than 80 years ago.

d. Java lemon n. now rare a small lime tree, Citrus aurantifolia (formerly C. javanica), originating in South-East Asia and now widely cultivated in other areas for its bitter fruit; (also) the small rounded yellow fruit of this tree; also called key lime.

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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > citrus fruit > lime

pome-adam1600

lime1638

Java lemon1831

poor man1912

1831 G. Don Gen. Syst. Gardening & Bot. I. 590/1 C. Javanicum... Java Lemon. Tree 20 feet.

1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 439/1 The Java lemon is the fruit of Citrus javanica.

1992 J. Lawless Encycl. Essent. Oils ii. 119/1 There are about forty-seven varieties which are said to have been developed in cultivation, such as the Java lemon (C. javanica).

e. Java bean n. (a) (originally) a coffee bean produced on Java and the nearby islands (cf. sense 2); (in later use more generally) a coffee bean; (b) a variety of lima bean, the seed of the plant Phaseolus lunatus, cultivated in Java and nearby islands.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-bean

coffee1626

coffee-berry1662

coffee-bean1688

berry1712

Java bean1868

Negro coffee1887

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean

white bean1542

penny bean?1550

black bean1569

garence1610

mung1611

calavance1620

red bean1658

lablab1670

Cajan1693

dal1698

bonavist1700

tick-bean1744

tick1765

toker1786

mash1801

Lima beana1818

stick bean1823

Canavalia1828

moth1840

cow-pea1846

Lima1856

asparagus pea1859

towcok1866

Java bean1868

wall1884

Rangoon bean1903

Madagascar bean1909

1868 Ann. Rep. Foreign Commerce 1867 (U.S. House of Representatives, 40th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 427 Coffee, the quality of the Java-bean, has undoubtedly deteriorated, and planters are paying serious attention to the causes.

1906 Times 19 Mar. 4/3 Illness in cattle was attributed to the poisonous properties of certain beans, known as ‘Java’ beans, which are the seeds of the plant Phaseolus lunatus.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxii. 452 A meal made from Java bean may contain a cyanogenic glucoside in sufficient quantity to kill as large an animal as a cow.

1972 N.Y. Mag. 16 Oct. 60/2 Milder and more gentle with the deep coffee flavor of Java beans.

2001 Star-Herald (Scottsbluff, Nebraska) 28 July 3 b/1 The story is told in the journey of the java bean from the Kenyan highlands to specialty coffee shops in the West.

4. attributive. Designating either of two junglefowl native to Java: (a) a red junglefowl of the subspecies Gallus gallus bankiva, sometimes regarded as a domestic breed; (b) the green junglefowl, G. varius. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of

rumpkin1676

bantam1749

Jersey blue1758

Dorking1779

Plymouth Rock1806

Java1813

shack-bag1816

Negro fowl1835

creeper1847

Minorca1848

cuckoo fowl1850

Leghorn1850

Brahmapootra1851

Ancona1853

shanghai1853

Andalusian1854

Bolton bay1854

Corsican cock1854

jacinth1854

Minorca1854

spangle1854

yellow leg1854

Crèvecœur1855

sultan1855

Hamburg1857

Leghorn1857

Yokohama1865

Houdan1871

Langshan1871

Wyandot1881

sultan hen1882

silkie1885

Orpington1887

rock1889

silver-grey1889

Campine1892

Rhode Island Red1893

Faverolles1902

Rhode Island White1905

Malines1906

Rhode Island1914

Australorp1922

maranc1934

1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. at Pheasant—Common Mr. Anstice assures us, that a neighbour has a common Cock of the Java breed, which originally was black and red like some of the English game breed.

1832 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 6 416 Our domestic poultry are in no way descended from the wild Java cock, called Ayam Bankiva.

1885 L. Wright Bk. Poultry 498 Of the Fork-tailed Java Cock, or Gallus furcatus, Mr. Darwin was remarked that it differs so very much from the Domestic Fowl, that ‘no one supposes’ it to have been the parent of any of our breeds.

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xx. 238 In addition to the birds mentioned there are a pair of Java jungle fowl, a flock of..nutmeg pigeons from Nicobar, [etc.]

5. Java canvas n. now rare a loosely woven linen cloth with an even mesh, used in embroidery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > for specific purpose

lockramc1300

housewife cloth1560

housewife's cloth1567

beaupers1592

household linen1642

French canvas1662

harrateen1711

glass-cloth1851

tableclothing1859

Java canvas1867

Italian1897

1867 Times 29 Mar. 3 (advt.) Drawn linen on Java canvas.

1878 Cassell's Family Mag. 494/2 The materials used for these curtains are many—velvet,.., Java canvass,..and serges.

1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 246 Two 4″ squares of Java canvas.

6. Palaeontology. Used attributively with reference to an extinct hominid whose fossil remains were first found in Java in 1891, now classified as Homo erectus and recently dated to between 1.8 and 1 million years ago; esp. in Java man, Java skull. Cf. Trinil n.Formerly known as Pithecanthropus erectus (cf. Pithecanthropus n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > protohuman > [noun]

anthropolite1778

Neanderthal man1861

caveman1862

man1863

prehistoric man1863

Pithecanthropus1873

Java man1895

Homo erectus1904

Heidelberg1909

Eoanthropus1912

dawn man1913

Neanderthaler1913

Piltdown man1913

Aurignacian1915

Neanderthalian1920

Rhodesian man1921

Boskopoid1926

Peking man1926

Sinanthropus1927

Piltdown1931

Predmostian1931

Minnesota Man1932

Neanderthaloid1934

Steinheim1935

Gigantopithecus1936

Africanthropus1938

Paranthropus1938

Piltdowner1941

Meganthropus1942

Telanthropus1949

Saldanha Man1953

pithecanthropine1955

Nutcracker Man1959

Homo habilis1964

iceman1972

1895 Amer. Naturalist 29 193 In the Java man the capacity is 1000 c. c. m.

1896 Science 8 May 715/1 The Java skull is possibly a little flatter than the Neanderthal specimen.

1915 A. Keith Antiq. Man 264 In the fronto-malar region of the Java skull the anthropoid traits are retained.

1937 Life 12 Apr. 22/1 The Trinil Man is also known as the Java Ape Man or Pithecanthropus erectus which means ape man walking erect.

1965 M. H. Day Guide to Fossil Man 224 The features of this femur..suggest strongly that Java man was capable of standing and walking erectly.

2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus Introd. 46 Piltdown Man..was probably spawned by the finds of Java Man and Heidelberg Man, with the idea of creating an even more spectacular find on British soil.

II. Simple uses.

7. Java coffee; (U.S. slang, usually with lower-case initial) coffee generally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > coffee > [noun]

coffee1598

coffee-drink1659

syrup of soot1663

ninny-broth1696

Turkey gruel1705

Java1805

caffè1852

mud1855

Everton toffee1857

go-juice1923

joe1941

decaf1956

the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee from specific place

Arabian coffee1674

Java coffee1764

mocha1773

Java1805

Rio1817

Blue Mountain coffee1879

Blue Mountain1882

Santos1888

Jamaica1899

Mysore1907

Kenya coffee1921

Chagga1957

Continental roast1958

arabica1959

1805 Commerc. Secretary 30 The quality of the sugar is pretty good, but we cannot say the same of the coffee. The Java is of a very ordinary sort indeed.

1850 L. H. Garrard Wah-to-Yah xiii. 169 Partaking of the nectar-like Java.

1889 F. L. Gillett White House Cook Bk. 409 Three-quarters of a pound of Java and a quarter of a pound of Mocha make the best mixture of coffee.

1926 J. Black You can't Win vi. 67 We went back to the fire and discussed breakfast. ‘Nothing but Java,’ said the bum that had the coffee.

1956 H. Gold Man who was not with It (1965) xxv. 235 Lots a guys come in for chatter and java.

2004 J. Evanovich & C. Hughes Full Blast vii. 137 Come into my office and I'll pour you a cup of java.

8. A breed of large domestic fowl developed in the United States, having a heavily built body and variable coloration, which is ancestral to many other American breeds but is itself now rare; a bird of this breed. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1848 R. L. Allen Domest. Animals ix. 221 There are many fanciful varieties, as..the Java and Cochin China, of great size.

1887 L. Wright Bk. Poultry 441 Javas. A breed has been known in the United States under this name for certainly over forty years... The Black Java, crossed on the Shanghai or Cochin, was the progenitor of the Langshan fowl.

2004 Backwoods Home Mag. Jan.–Feb. 47/1 Breeds that fall into this category are the Rocks (White, Barred, etc.), Orpingtons (Buff is common)..Wyandottes (Silver Spangled , Golden Laced ), Brahmas (Light is most common), Sussex , Australorps and Javas.

9. Computing A proprietary name for: a general-purpose object-oriented programming language used for producing cross-platform programs.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun] > high-level language > language

Fortran1956

Algol1959

Lisp1959

Cobol1960

BASIC1964

SNOBOL1964

PL/I1965

APL1966

Pascal1971

C1973

LOGO1976

Prolog1977

Ada1979

C++1984

Perl1987

Java1995

JavaScript1995

1995 San Jose Mercury News (Calif.) (Nexis) 23 Mar. 1 a Java is the result of six years of work, at least that many name changes and millions and millions of dollars.

1995 PC Week (Nexis) 1 May 6 Developers can use Sun's Java language to build applications that run on client machines and access files over widely distributed corporate networks and the Internet as if they were stored on a local hard disk.

2002 T. Cook Mastering JSP i. 4 Platform independence is an important feature of Java.

2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Dec. e8/4 Most phones use Java or Brew platforms to run applications of increasing richness.

2010 Download Squad (Nexis) 18 Jan. I assume I'm not the only one who hates Facebook's photo uploader. Sure it works, but it's not great—and it's in Java; it's slow.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	java
释义	Javan. Brit. /ˈdʒɑːvə/, U.S. /ˈdʒɑvə/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Java. Etymology: < Java (Javanese Jawa, Malay Jawa, Indonesian Jawa), the name of a large island in the Malay Archipelago, now part of Indonesia.Java is attested earlier as a place name in English contexts (see below). The origin of the island's name is uncertain and disputed. Compare French Java (1298 in Old French in Marco Polo), Portuguese Java (a1515 as Jaõa ), Dutch Java (1574 or earlier, formerly also Iava ). In early use, lesser Java (or a variation of this) is sometimes used to denote a different island (now usually identified as Sumatra), apparently ultimately following Marco Polo's account of 1298; subsequently, greater Java (or a variation of this) is used to denote Java, which is smaller in area, but was politically dominant at Marco Polo's time. Marco Polo himself only uses Java for this island; post-classical Latin Iaua maior also denotes Java on early 17th-cent. Dutch charts, without a corresponding ‘lesser Java’; compare Dutch groot Iava (J. van Linschoten 1596). In English, the identification of the ‘lesser Java’ appears to have been unclear even in early use (compare e.g. quot. 1582, listing Sumatra alongside both Javas). In the 14th-cent. account of the Italian traveller Odorigo da Porpedone, by contrast, the islands of Java and Sumatra are clearly distinguished (compare quot. 1599). Compare the following early examples:1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. E.vii There are two Ilandes of thys name, as Iaua the more & Iaua the lesse.1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xv. f. 252 There are also the worthy Ilands of Moluccus,..Sumatra,..Iaua Maior, and Minor, Bornio, Timor, and others.1599 R. Hakluyt tr. Odoric of Pordenone in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 56 Then I traueled further vnto another island called Iaua, the compasse whereof by sea is 3000. miles.a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Lang. & Relig. (1614) 84 The Sea coasts of Sumatra, the ports of Iaua, with the Isle of Sunda..are in the hands of Mahumetans.1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 31 We..steer'd right upon Great Java, whereof Batavia is the chief Town. In the use denoting the programming language (sense 9) apparently originally with allusion to sense 7; compare the following German translation of an interview with S. McNealy, one of the developers (original English apparently not recorded):1996 Spiegel 4 Nov. 243 Ich glaube, wir haben sie so genannt, weil bei der Entwicklung irrsinnig viel Kaffee getrunken wurde [‘I think we called it that, because insane quantities of coffee were drunk during its development’].The name of the programming language was trademarked in or after 1995; there was also an earlier trademark for the same name applied to programs for analysing video images (1988). I. Compounds. 1. Java sparrow n. a small waxbill of Java and Bali, Padda oryzivora (family Estrildidae), with a large red bill and black-and-white head, which has long been popular as a cage bird and has been widely introduced, but can be a pest of rice crops. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Estrildidae (wax-bill) > genus Padda (Java sparrow) rice sparrow1704 paddy bird1727 Java sparrow1743 ricebird1743 1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 42 Some People using the India Trade, who have seen these Birds, call them Java Sparrows, and others, Indian Sparrows, and affirm they are found in Java. 1769 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) The aviary..is a most beautiful collection of smaller birds—tumblers, waxbills,..Java sparrows. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 500/2 Rice Bird, one of the names of the Paddy Bird, Paddee Bird, or Java Sparrow (Loxia oryzivora of Linnæus). 1891 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 20 Feb. (Suppl.) S. 528/3 Cutthroats, silver bills, waxbills..spice birds, Java sparrows. 1922 E. V. Lucas Genevra's Money xix. 132 Little foreign birds for the most part, avadavats, Java sparrows, budgerigars. 1934 Science 20 Apr. 7/1 Not only parrots..are susceptible to psittacosis..but also the canary, bullfinch, nonpareil, Java sparrow, [etc.]. 2003 Bird Keeper June 29/3 Timor sparrows (Lonchura fuscata ), Java sparrows (L. oryzivora ) and Javan munias (L. leucogastroides ) all appeared to have constructed them [sc. cock-nests]. 2. Java coffee n. coffee beans produced on Java and nearby islands; a strong, dark, sweet coffee made from these. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee from specific place Arabian coffee1674 Java coffee1764 mocha1773 Java1805 Rio1817 Blue Mountain coffee1879 Blue Mountain1882 Santos1888 Jamaica1899 Mysore1907 Kenya coffee1921 Chagga1957 Continental roast1958 arabica1959 1764 A. Anderson Hist. Origin Commerce II. 420 Twelve thousand three hundred and sixty-eight pounds from Mocha: so greatly had they improved their Java coffee. 1820 J. Crawfurd Hist. Indian Archipel. III. ix. v. 374 Pale or new Java coffee bears the same prices as the coffees of St Domingo and Cuba. 1882 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Aug. 192/1 A picul of Java coffee weights one hundred and thirty-three and one-third pounds. 1922 W. H. Ukers All about Coffee xxii. 283/1 The total sales of Java coffee in Holland for the century were somewhat more than a quarter of a billion pounds. 2000 J. J. Connolly Layer Cake (2004) 203 Feet up, doing The Times crossword, eating a tuna Sicilian sandwich, drinking Java coffee. 3. In the names of plants occurring in or associated with Java, and products obtained from them. a. Java pepper n. the cubeb, Piper cubeba, a climbing plant native to the Malay Archipelago; (also) a pungent spice produced from the dried fruit of this plant, used as a flavouring and (esp. formerly) medicinally. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > fruit or seed > cubeb berry cubebc1300 cubeb pepper1693 Java pepper1794 1794 Monthly Rev. 1793 12 554 The Java pepper is deemed better than any other, except the Malabar. 1824 Lancet 15 May 201/1 Why, said he, it is a species of Java pepper. 1864 W. Frazer Elements Materia Med. (ed. 2) 337 Cubebs, or Java pepper, are gathered both from cultivated and wild plants; the unripe berries, after being collected are dried in the sun. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xx. 615 Cubebs or Java Pepper. Piper Cubeba. A climbing shrub, native of Java and the Moluccas... The berries are coarsely ground and distilled with steam, the yield of oil being from 10 to 18 per cent... Cubeb oil. 1995 Gourmet Mar. 78/3 Goat cheese dressed with a touch of that olive oil and freshly ground Java pepper. b. Java almond n. a large tree of the Malay Archipelago, Canarium luzonicum (formerly called C. commune; family Burseraceae), which has a distinctive buttressed trunk and is a source of the elemi resin; (also) the edible seeds of this tree, from which an oil is obtained. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > other Asian trees or shrubs China-pea1660 pea tree1766 koelreuteria1789 stink-tree1795 ume1822 Java almond1824 weenonga1838 St. Thomas' tree1866 golden shower1882 Jew's mallow1884 mokihana1888 1824 A. Moon Catal. Indigenous & Exotic Plants Ceylon 68 (table) Canarium..commune..Java-Almond. 1880 R. Bentley & H. Trimen Medicinal Plants I. §61 The seeds known as Java Almonds yield by expression a bland fixed oil, which resembles almond oil. 1916 E. V. Wilcox Trop. Agric. ix. 140 The Pili nut is native of Malay... It is also cultivated in Java, where it is called the Java almond. 2002 E. A. Weiss Spice Crops v. 93 In Indonesia, Canarium commune L., the kanari or Java almond, is often chosen as it bears an edible fruit, the pili nut. c. Java plum n. the South Asian tree Syzygium cumini (family Myrtaceae), cultivated for its fruit and as a shade tree; (also) the edible, dark crimson fruit produced by this tree; also called jambo, jambolan. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > other tropical or exotic fruit-trees or -plants tamarind1614 star apple1693 seven-year apple1731 wild mangosteen1753 peach1760 ackee1792 Java plum1829 abiu1834 jambu1834 jakkalsbessie1854 calabash-nutmeg1866 jambolan1866 Chinese gooseberry1925 1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 418 C[alyptranthes] Jambolana, frequently called the Java plum, bears a black esculent berry. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 483/1 S[yzygium] Jambolanum..planted near villages..chiefly on account of its fruit, which is sometimes called Java plum by Europeans, but Jamoon by the natives. 1914 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) No. 8. 270 Java Plum (Eugenia Jambolana)—This tree is met with here and there in the coast belt and grows to a large size. 1998 Independent 3 Aug. i. 13/4 He gathers..jamuns, the sticky black fruit from the ornamental java plum trees, which Sir Edward Lutyens insisted on planting along New Delhi's most imposing avenues more than 80 years ago. d. Java lemon n. now rare a small lime tree, Citrus aurantifolia (formerly C. javanica), originating in South-East Asia and now widely cultivated in other areas for its bitter fruit; (also) the small rounded yellow fruit of this tree; also called key lime. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > citrus fruit > lime pome-adam1600 lime1638 Java lemon1831 poor man1912 1831 G. Don Gen. Syst. Gardening & Bot. I. 590/1 C. Javanicum... Java Lemon. Tree 20 feet. 1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 439/1 The Java lemon is the fruit of Citrus javanica. 1992 J. Lawless Encycl. Essent. Oils ii. 119/1 There are about forty-seven varieties which are said to have been developed in cultivation, such as the Java lemon (C. javanica). e. Java bean n. (a) (originally) a coffee bean produced on Java and the nearby islands (cf. sense 2); (in later use more generally) a coffee bean; (b) a variety of lima bean, the seed of the plant Phaseolus lunatus, cultivated in Java and nearby islands. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-bean coffee1626 coffee-berry1662 coffee-bean1688 berry1712 Java bean1868 Negro coffee1887 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean white bean1542 penny bean?1550 black bean1569 garence1610 mung1611 calavance1620 red bean1658 lablab1670 Cajan1693 dal1698 bonavist1700 tick-bean1744 tick1765 toker1786 mash1801 Lima beana1818 stick bean1823 Canavalia1828 moth1840 cow-pea1846 Lima1856 asparagus pea1859 towcok1866 Java bean1868 wall1884 Rangoon bean1903 Madagascar bean1909 1868 Ann. Rep. Foreign Commerce 1867 (U.S. House of Representatives, 40th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 427 Coffee, the quality of the Java-bean, has undoubtedly deteriorated, and planters are paying serious attention to the causes. 1906 Times 19 Mar. 4/3 Illness in cattle was attributed to the poisonous properties of certain beans, known as ‘Java’ beans, which are the seeds of the plant Phaseolus lunatus. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxii. 452 A meal made from Java bean may contain a cyanogenic glucoside in sufficient quantity to kill as large an animal as a cow. 1972 N.Y. Mag. 16 Oct. 60/2 Milder and more gentle with the deep coffee flavor of Java beans. 2001 Star-Herald (Scottsbluff, Nebraska) 28 July 3 b/1 The story is told in the journey of the java bean from the Kenyan highlands to specialty coffee shops in the West. 4. attributive. Designating either of two junglefowl native to Java: (a) a red junglefowl of the subspecies Gallus gallus bankiva, sometimes regarded as a domestic breed; (b) the green junglefowl, G. varius. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of rumpkin1676 bantam1749 Jersey blue1758 Dorking1779 Plymouth Rock1806 Java1813 shack-bag1816 Negro fowl1835 creeper1847 Minorca1848 cuckoo fowl1850 Leghorn1850 Brahmapootra1851 Ancona1853 shanghai1853 Andalusian1854 Bolton bay1854 Corsican cock1854 jacinth1854 Minorca1854 spangle1854 yellow leg1854 Crèvecœur1855 sultan1855 Hamburg1857 Leghorn1857 Yokohama1865 Houdan1871 Langshan1871 Wyandot1881 sultan hen1882 silkie1885 Orpington1887 rock1889 silver-grey1889 Campine1892 Rhode Island Red1893 Faverolles1902 Rhode Island White1905 Malines1906 Rhode Island1914 Australorp1922 maranc1934 1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. at Pheasant—Common Mr. Anstice assures us, that a neighbour has a common Cock of the Java breed, which originally was black and red like some of the English game breed. 1832 Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 6 416 Our domestic poultry are in no way descended from the wild Java cock, called Ayam Bankiva. 1885 L. Wright Bk. Poultry 498 Of the Fork-tailed Java Cock, or Gallus furcatus, Mr. Darwin was remarked that it differs so very much from the Domestic Fowl, that ‘no one supposes’ it to have been the parent of any of our breeds. 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xx. 238 In addition to the birds mentioned there are a pair of Java jungle fowl, a flock of..nutmeg pigeons from Nicobar, [etc.] 5. Java canvas n. now rare a loosely woven linen cloth with an even mesh, used in embroidery. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > for specific purpose lockramc1300 housewife cloth1560 housewife's cloth1567 beaupers1592 household linen1642 French canvas1662 harrateen1711 glass-cloth1851 tableclothing1859 Java canvas1867 Italian1897 1867 Times 29 Mar. 3 (advt.) Drawn linen on Java canvas. 1878 Cassell's Family Mag. 494/2 The materials used for these curtains are many—velvet,.., Java canvass,..and serges. 1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 246 Two 4″ squares of Java canvas. 6. Palaeontology. Used attributively with reference to an extinct hominid whose fossil remains were first found in Java in 1891, now classified as Homo erectus and recently dated to between 1.8 and 1 million years ago; esp. in Java man, Java skull. Cf. Trinil n.Formerly known as Pithecanthropus erectus (cf. Pithecanthropus n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > people > protohuman > [noun] anthropolite1778 Neanderthal man1861 caveman1862 man1863 prehistoric man1863 Pithecanthropus1873 Java man1895 Homo erectus1904 Heidelberg1909 Eoanthropus1912 dawn man1913 Neanderthaler1913 Piltdown man1913 Aurignacian1915 Neanderthalian1920 Rhodesian man1921 Boskopoid1926 Peking man1926 Sinanthropus1927 Piltdown1931 Predmostian1931 Minnesota Man1932 Neanderthaloid1934 Steinheim1935 Gigantopithecus1936 Africanthropus1938 Paranthropus1938 Piltdowner1941 Meganthropus1942 Telanthropus1949 Saldanha Man1953 pithecanthropine1955 Nutcracker Man1959 Homo habilis1964 iceman1972 1895 Amer. Naturalist 29 193 In the Java man the capacity is 1000 c. c. m. 1896 Science 8 May 715/1 The Java skull is possibly a little flatter than the Neanderthal specimen. 1915 A. Keith Antiq. Man 264 In the fronto-malar region of the Java skull the anthropoid traits are retained. 1937 Life 12 Apr. 22/1 The Trinil Man is also known as the Java Ape Man or Pithecanthropus erectus which means ape man walking erect. 1965 M. H. Day Guide to Fossil Man 224 The features of this femur..suggest strongly that Java man was capable of standing and walking erectly. 2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus Introd. 46 Piltdown Man..was probably spawned by the finds of Java Man and Heidelberg Man, with the idea of creating an even more spectacular find on British soil. II. Simple uses. 7. Java coffee; (U.S. slang, usually with lower-case initial) coffee generally. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee > [noun] coffee1598 coffee-drink1659 syrup of soot1663 ninny-broth1696 Turkey gruel1705 Java1805 caffè1852 mud1855 Everton toffee1857 go-juice1923 joe1941 decaf1956 the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee from specific place Arabian coffee1674 Java coffee1764 mocha1773 Java1805 Rio1817 Blue Mountain coffee1879 Blue Mountain1882 Santos1888 Jamaica1899 Mysore1907 Kenya coffee1921 Chagga1957 Continental roast1958 arabica1959 1805 Commerc. Secretary 30 The quality of the sugar is pretty good, but we cannot say the same of the coffee. The Java is of a very ordinary sort indeed. 1850 L. H. Garrard Wah-to-Yah xiii. 169 Partaking of the nectar-like Java. 1889 F. L. Gillett White House Cook Bk. 409 Three-quarters of a pound of Java and a quarter of a pound of Mocha make the best mixture of coffee. 1926 J. Black You can't Win vi. 67 We went back to the fire and discussed breakfast. ‘Nothing but Java,’ said the bum that had the coffee. 1956 H. Gold Man who was not with It (1965) xxv. 235 Lots a guys come in for chatter and java. 2004 J. Evanovich & C. Hughes Full Blast vii. 137 Come into my office and I'll pour you a cup of java. 8. A breed of large domestic fowl developed in the United States, having a heavily built body and variable coloration, which is ancestral to many other American breeds but is itself now rare; a bird of this breed. Now rare. ΚΠ 1848 R. L. Allen Domest. Animals ix. 221 There are many fanciful varieties, as..the Java and Cochin China, of great size. 1887 L. Wright Bk. Poultry 441 Javas. A breed has been known in the United States under this name for certainly over forty years... The Black Java, crossed on the Shanghai or Cochin, was the progenitor of the Langshan fowl. 2004 Backwoods Home Mag. Jan.–Feb. 47/1 Breeds that fall into this category are the Rocks (White, Barred, etc.), Orpingtons (Buff is common)..Wyandottes (Silver Spangled , Golden Laced ), Brahmas (Light is most common), Sussex , Australorps and Javas. 9. Computing A proprietary name for: a general-purpose object-oriented programming language used for producing cross-platform programs. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun] > high-level language > language Fortran1956 Algol1959 Lisp1959 Cobol1960 BASIC1964 SNOBOL1964 PL/I1965 APL1966 Pascal1971 C1973 LOGO1976 Prolog1977 Ada1979 C++1984 Perl1987 Java1995 JavaScript1995 1995 San Jose Mercury News (Calif.) (Nexis) 23 Mar. 1 a Java is the result of six years of work, at least that many name changes and millions and millions of dollars. 1995 PC Week (Nexis) 1 May 6 Developers can use Sun's Java language to build applications that run on client machines and access files over widely distributed corporate networks and the Internet as if they were stored on a local hard disk. 2002 T. Cook Mastering JSP i. 4 Platform independence is an important feature of Java. 2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Dec. e8/4 Most phones use Java or Brew platforms to run applications of increasing richness. 2010 Download Squad (Nexis) 18 Jan. I assume I'm not the only one who hates Facebook's photo uploader. Sure it works, but it's not great—and it's in Java; it's slow. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1743
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