Jolly Rogern.

Brit.

/ˌdʒɒlɪ ˈrɒdʒə/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɑli ˈrɑdʒər/

Forms: also with lower-case initial(s).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: jolly adj., an element of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < jolly adj. + a second element of uncertain origin (probably the male forename Roger : see Roger n.²), although the semantic motivation of either element is not sufficiently clear.Quot. 1724 suggests a French origin of the term. Perhaps on the strength of this quotation, some have suggested that the term is an adaptation (if so, evidently with folk-etymological alteration) of a French phrase *joli rouge, lit. ‘pretty red’ ( < joli jolly adj. + rouge rouge adj.), but this etymology is unconvincing, as no such (or similar) phrase appears to be attested in French with reference to a pirate's flag, and the flag in question is (and always was) black rather than red. As for the semantic motivation, the first element may refer to the appearance of the skull, the conventional emblem adorning the flag, with the skull's mouth humorously being taken as showing a broad grin; with the second element, compare Roger n.² 2 and especially Old Roger at Roger n.² 2b.

A pirate's flag, usually having a white skull and crossbones on a black background. Also in extended use. Cf. skull and crossbones at skull n.¹ 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant > pirate

Jolly Roger1724

Jolly Hodge1821

black jack1846

skull and crossbones1924

1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates 193 On the hoisting of Jolly Roger, (the Name they give their black Flag,) their French hearts failed.

?1759 R. Barker Unfortunate Shipwright 14 Cut one of the cables and slip the other, loose the top-sails, and hoist the Jolly Roger.

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Roger Jolly roger, a flag hoisted by pirates.

1840 Desultory Sketches & Tales Barbados iii. 67 It matters not one jot..whether we fight under the flag of the Low Countries, or the jolly Roger.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xix. 151 There was the Jolly Roger—the black flag of piracy—flying from her peak.

1892 Daily News 16 June 5/1 It was also pirated at once..by an American publishing company. The author was popular enough to be worth flying the Jolly Roger for.

1921 A. Johnson Jefferson & his Colleagues xiii. 270 Up and down the river was scattered a lawless population of freebooters, who were equally ready to raid a border plantation or to raise the jolly Roger on some piratical cruise.

1947 Huntingdon Libr. Q. 10 207 John Camden Hotten and other Britons flew no flag but the Jolly Roger.

2005 R. Rankin Brightonomicon 77 I must have always harboured a liking for pirates. Whether it was the cutlasses, or the flintlocks, or the Jolly Roger,..I am unable..to say.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

单词	jolly roger
释义	Jolly Rogern. Brit. /ˌdʒɒlɪ ˈrɒdʒə/, U.S. /ˈdʒɑli ˈrɑdʒər/ Forms: also with lower-case initial(s). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: jolly adj., an element of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < jolly adj. + a second element of uncertain origin (probably the male forename Roger : see Roger n.²), although the semantic motivation of either element is not sufficiently clear.Quot. 1724 suggests a French origin of the term. Perhaps on the strength of this quotation, some have suggested that the term is an adaptation (if so, evidently with folk-etymological alteration) of a French phrase *joli rouge, lit. ‘pretty red’ ( < joli jolly adj. + rouge rouge adj.), but this etymology is unconvincing, as no such (or similar) phrase appears to be attested in French with reference to a pirate's flag, and the flag in question is (and always was) black rather than red. As for the semantic motivation, the first element may refer to the appearance of the skull, the conventional emblem adorning the flag, with the skull's mouth humorously being taken as showing a broad grin; with the second element, compare Roger n.² 2 and especially Old Roger at Roger n.² 2b. A pirate's flag, usually having a white skull and crossbones on a black background. Also in extended use. Cf. skull and crossbones at skull n.¹ 1d. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant > pirate Jolly Roger1724 Jolly Hodge1821 black jack1846 skull and crossbones1924 1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates 193 On the hoisting of Jolly Roger, (the Name they give their black Flag,) their French hearts failed. ?1759 R. Barker Unfortunate Shipwright 14 Cut one of the cables and slip the other, loose the top-sails, and hoist the Jolly Roger. 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Roger Jolly roger, a flag hoisted by pirates. 1840 Desultory Sketches & Tales Barbados iii. 67 It matters not one jot..whether we fight under the flag of the Low Countries, or the jolly Roger. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xix. 151 There was the Jolly Roger—the black flag of piracy—flying from her peak. 1892 Daily News 16 June 5/1 It was also pirated at once..by an American publishing company. The author was popular enough to be worth flying the Jolly Roger for. 1921 A. Johnson Jefferson & his Colleagues xiii. 270 Up and down the river was scattered a lawless population of freebooters, who were equally ready to raid a border plantation or to raise the jolly Roger on some piratical cruise. 1947 Huntingdon Libr. Q. 10 207 John Camden Hotten and other Britons flew no flag but the Jolly Roger. 2005 R. Rankin Brightonomicon 77 I must have always harboured a liking for pirates. Whether it was the cutlasses, or the flintlocks, or the Jolly Roger,..I am unable..to say. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). < n.1724
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