kharajn.

Brit.

/kaˈrɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/kɑˈrɑdʒ/

Forms:

α. 1600s–1800s caratch, 1600s–1800s haratch, 1600s– harach, 1700s– haraj, 1700s– kharatch, 1800s harac, 1800s– kharach, 1800s– kharaj, 1900s– haraç.

β. 1700s carack, 1800s– kharag.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Turkish ḵarāç; Arabic ḵarāj, ḵarāg.

Etymology: < (i) Ottoman Turkish ḵarāç tribute, poll tax levied on non-Muslims by the Ottoman administration (14th cent. in Old Anatolian Turkish; Turkish (now historical) haraç), and its etymon (ii) Arabic ḵarāj (in Eɡyptian Arabic also with vernacular pronunciation ḵarāg), ultimately < Akkadian ilku service to the state, payment, perhaps via Aramaic halāḵ tax.Compare Serbian and Croatian harač ( < Ottoman Turkish).

Originally, in the Ottoman Empire: a tribute or poll tax levied on non-Muslims, or on those not belonging to a particular branch of Islam. Later also used of similar taxes levied in other (predominantly Muslim) countries.Used esp. with reference to Turkey under Ottoman rule.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax > specific

tribulary1467

tribulage1537

kharaj1663

1663 Capitulations & Articles of Peace betweene King of Eng. & Sultan of Ottoman Empire xiii. 4 All English men, & all other subiects of the crowne of England..may buy, sell, & trafficke, & of them shall no harach or head mony bee demanded.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece vi. 479 The Inhabitants were all run away, not being able to pay their Caratch.

1745 R. Pococke Trav. in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. (1811) X. 729 The galleys go out every summer round the islands to collect the harach or Christian poll tax.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea III. xiii. 83 The abolition of the carack, imposed on the sunnis.

1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos 70 (note) ‘Rayahs’, all who pay the capitation tax, called the ‘Haratch’.

1884 W. Carr Montenegro 27 (note) To escape the haratch and the tribute of children.

1997 J. Williams Money iv. 103 The collection of kharaj was usually carried out by tax ‘farmers’ who would obtain a percentage of the amount for their trouble.

1999 Malaysia Gen. News (Nexis) 8 Dec. The state government proposed to impose kharaj on non-Muslims at a rate of between five and 10 per cent.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	kharaj
释义	kharajn. Brit. /kaˈrɑːdʒ/, U.S. /kɑˈrɑdʒ/ Forms: α. 1600s–1800s caratch, 1600s–1800s haratch, 1600s– harach, 1700s– haraj, 1700s– kharatch, 1800s harac, 1800s– kharach, 1800s– kharaj, 1900s– haraç. β. 1700s carack, 1800s– kharag. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Turkish ḵarāç; Arabic ḵarāj, ḵarāg. Etymology: < (i) Ottoman Turkish ḵarāç tribute, poll tax levied on non-Muslims by the Ottoman administration (14th cent. in Old Anatolian Turkish; Turkish (now historical) haraç), and its etymon (ii) Arabic ḵarāj (in Eɡyptian Arabic also with vernacular pronunciation ḵarāg), ultimately < Akkadian ilku service to the state, payment, perhaps via Aramaic halāḵ tax.Compare Serbian and Croatian harač ( < Ottoman Turkish). Originally, in the Ottoman Empire: a tribute or poll tax levied on non-Muslims, or on those not belonging to a particular branch of Islam. Later also used of similar taxes levied in other (predominantly Muslim) countries.Used esp. with reference to Turkey under Ottoman rule. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax > specific tribulary1467 tribulage1537 kharaj1663 1663 Capitulations & Articles of Peace betweene King of Eng. & Sultan of Ottoman Empire xiii. 4 All English men, & all other subiects of the crowne of England..may buy, sell, & trafficke, & of them shall no harach or head mony bee demanded. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece vi. 479 The Inhabitants were all run away, not being able to pay their Caratch. 1745 R. Pococke Trav. in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. (1811) X. 729 The galleys go out every summer round the islands to collect the harach or Christian poll tax. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea III. xiii. 83 The abolition of the carack, imposed on the sunnis. 1813 Ld. Byron Bride Abydos 70 (note) ‘Rayahs’, all who pay the capitation tax, called the ‘Haratch’. 1884 W. Carr Montenegro 27 (note) To escape the haratch and the tribute of children. 1997 J. Williams Money iv. 103 The collection of kharaj was usually carried out by tax ‘farmers’ who would obtain a percentage of the amount for their trouble. 1999 Malaysia Gen. News (Nexis) 8 Dec. The state government proposed to impose kharaj on non-Muslims at a rate of between five and 10 per cent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1663
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