kamin.¹

Brit.

/ˈkami/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmi/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, kamis.

Forms: 1600s camies (plural), 1600s caymies (plural), 1600s chamis (plural), 1600s–1700s came, 1600s–1700s cami, 1700s– kami.

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kami.

Etymology: < Japanese kami spiritual being (8th cent.), spiritual force or being worshipped in the Shinto religion (10th cent.); apparently related to Ainu kamui deity, although the nature of the relationship is uncertain.In early use (compare quot. a1601) via Portuguese camis (plural), earliest in the pairing camis e fotoques ‘kami and hotoke’, a recurring phrase in Jesuit accounts of Japan (c1569); hotoke is a Buddhist term denoting people venerated for having achieved buddhahood. (The early texts often do not distinguish between Buddhist and Shinto concepts.) This pairing also appears in several other European languages in the late 16th cent. (identical except for the respective words for ‘and’).

In the Japanese Shinto religion: a spirit abiding invisibly in nature, revered or worshipped as a deity for its ability to influence the material world or human affairs; (sometimes) spec. the deified spirit of a deceased luminary.Shinto tradition holds that there are several million kami, many of them associated with particular places or natural phenomena.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Japanese

kamia1601

kami-sama1892

ujigami1897

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > name of > in Japan

kamia1601

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for foreign persons of rank

bashawa1535

altesse1559

monseigneur1561

sheikh1577

naik1588

bey1589

altezza1595

kamia1601

illustrissimo1623

donshipc1626

pasha1648

Rao1665

hospodar1684

beg1686

burra sahiba1827

inkosi1835

gospodar1847

Mgr1848

Rai Bahadur1871

Rai Sahib1905

a1601 Relations Mod. States (Harl. MS 6249) ii. xxiv. f. 109 Amida, Xaca, Camis, and Fatoques, to whom they attribute devine honour; were nothinge els but lordes of Japonia.

1616 in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) I. 544 These they call camies and were princes or greate men that by their power brought others under subjection & so got them an imortall name, and soe are honered and prayed unto as demy-gods.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. i. 206 Superstition at last was carried so far, that the Mikaddo's..are look'd upon..as true and living images of their Kami's [Ger. Kame] or Gods, as Kami's themselves.

1826 Oriental Herald 9 22 Christianity was extinct; and Budha and the Kami remained triumphant throughout the whole empire of Japan.

1870 Ladies' Repository Mar. 186 They lived on earth from generation to generation..and became in their turn immortal Kamis, happy spirits, worthy of divine honours.

1922 J. H. Gubbins Making of Mod. Japan xiii. 140 The cult of natural deities known by the general designation of kami—a word of many meanings—was thus extended so as to include deified heroes, deceased sovereigns, and, finally, abdicated and reigning Mikados.

1931 G. B. Sansom Japan i. iii. 46 At one end of the scale the Sun Goddess..is a kami, and at the other mud and sand and even vermin are kami.

1990 P. Harvey Introd. Buddhism viii. 190 In the remaining space are the names of various holy beings mentioned in the Sūtra..and of certain Shintō kamis.

2004 Spin Apr. 57/2 According to Japan's Shinto faith, when a person dies, his or her spirit passes into nature to reside in the air, water, and rocks. If the person has distinguished him- or herself in life, the spirit becomes a kami.

Compounds

General attributive, as kami-religion, kami theology, etc.

ΚΠ

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. ii. vi. 245 Before the doctrine of Siaka..the old Sintos or Cami Worship..was yet the only one flourishing in this Empire.

1854 Illustr. Mag. Art 3 146/1 The Kami religion lays down for the guidance of all believers who desire to attain earthly happiness and consolation hereafter a series of rules.

1886 T. H. Huxley in 19th Cent. Apr. 494 The state-theology of China and the Kami-theology of Japan.

1993 D. M. Brown in Cambr. Hist. Japan I. 19 As new needs arose in later times, kami beliefs and practices were altered accordingly.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

kamin.²

Brit.

/ˈkami/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmi/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, kamis.

Forms: 1700s cami, 1800s– kami.

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kami.

Etymology: < Japanese kami high-ranking government official, daimyo, person in authority (8th cent.; < kami top).Japanese kami in this sense is etymologically unrelated to its homonym denoting a spiritual force worshipped in the Shinto religion (see kami n.¹), but the two words have been associated within Japanese from an early date.

With capital initial. In Japan: (a title for) a governor, daimyo, or other person of authority or high rank. Cf. earlier kami-sama n.¹ Now chiefly historical.

ΚΠ

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 172 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Matsendairo Sunosano camy, Prince of the Province of Sunosa, who lives in the Castle of Tattebys.]

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan II. vi. ii. 93 The Emperor was pleased..to confer upon them [sc. the Governors of Nagasaki] the honour of knighthood, with the title of Cami.

1857 T. Harris 2 Dec. in Compl. Jrnl. (1930) 455 None of the original eighteen Princes are eligible to that office [sc. Council of State], nor any of the Kami or titular Princes. The Kami form the next rank [sc. after Daimyo] and from them are selected the Governors of Imperial cities, provinces and all the high offices about the Court.

1875 Japan Weekly Mail 11 Sept. 791/2 The title Kami was generally solicited by the relatives of the young nobles, Daimio and Hatamoto, who succeed to the chieftainship of the clan or family.

1886 T. H. Huxley in 19th Cent. Apr. 494 (note) ‘Kami’..is also, like our word ‘Lord’, employed as a title of respect among men.

1903 J. Murdoch & I. Yamagata Hist. Japan i. 8 Yoritomo memorialised the emperor, praying that five men of his own family name might be made Kami or governors of..provinces.

1958 G. B. Sansom Hist. Japan to 1334 viii. 172 Each department or ministry consisted of a number of bureaus, at the head of which were chiefs called Kami and vice-chiefs called Suke... The leading man in each province was the Governor (Kami).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kami
释义	kamin.¹ Brit. /ˈkami/, U.S. /ˈkɑmi/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, kamis. Forms: 1600s camies (plural), 1600s caymies (plural), 1600s chamis (plural), 1600s–1700s came, 1600s–1700s cami, 1700s– kami. Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kami. Etymology: < Japanese kami spiritual being (8th cent.), spiritual force or being worshipped in the Shinto religion (10th cent.); apparently related to Ainu kamui deity, although the nature of the relationship is uncertain.In early use (compare quot. a1601) via Portuguese camis (plural), earliest in the pairing camis e fotoques ‘kami and hotoke’, a recurring phrase in Jesuit accounts of Japan (c1569); hotoke is a Buddhist term denoting people venerated for having achieved buddhahood. (The early texts often do not distinguish between Buddhist and Shinto concepts.) This pairing also appears in several other European languages in the late 16th cent. (identical except for the respective words for ‘and’). In the Japanese Shinto religion: a spirit abiding invisibly in nature, revered or worshipped as a deity for its ability to influence the material world or human affairs; (sometimes) spec. the deified spirit of a deceased luminary.Shinto tradition holds that there are several million kami, many of them associated with particular places or natural phenomena. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Japanese kamia1601 kami-sama1892 ujigami1897 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > name of > in Japan kamia1601 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for foreign persons of rank bashawa1535 altesse1559 monseigneur1561 sheikh1577 naik1588 bey1589 altezza1595 kamia1601 illustrissimo1623 donshipc1626 pasha1648 Rao1665 hospodar1684 beg1686 burra sahiba1827 inkosi1835 gospodar1847 Mgr1848 Rai Bahadur1871 Rai Sahib1905 a1601 Relations Mod. States (Harl. MS 6249) ii. xxiv. f. 109 Amida, Xaca, Camis, and Fatoques, to whom they attribute devine honour; were nothinge els but lordes of Japonia. 1616 in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) I. 544 These they call camies and were princes or greate men that by their power brought others under subjection & so got them an imortall name, and soe are honered and prayed unto as demy-gods. 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. i. 206 Superstition at last was carried so far, that the Mikaddo's..are look'd upon..as true and living images of their Kami's [Ger. Kame] or Gods, as Kami's themselves. 1826 Oriental Herald 9 22 Christianity was extinct; and Budha and the Kami remained triumphant throughout the whole empire of Japan. 1870 Ladies' Repository Mar. 186 They lived on earth from generation to generation..and became in their turn immortal Kamis, happy spirits, worthy of divine honours. 1922 J. H. Gubbins Making of Mod. Japan xiii. 140 The cult of natural deities known by the general designation of kami—a word of many meanings—was thus extended so as to include deified heroes, deceased sovereigns, and, finally, abdicated and reigning Mikados. 1931 G. B. Sansom Japan i. iii. 46 At one end of the scale the Sun Goddess..is a kami, and at the other mud and sand and even vermin are kami. 1990 P. Harvey Introd. Buddhism viii. 190 In the remaining space are the names of various holy beings mentioned in the Sūtra..and of certain Shintō kamis. 2004 Spin Apr. 57/2 According to Japan's Shinto faith, when a person dies, his or her spirit passes into nature to reside in the air, water, and rocks. If the person has distinguished him- or herself in life, the spirit becomes a kami. Compounds General attributive, as kami-religion, kami theology, etc. ΚΠ 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. ii. vi. 245 Before the doctrine of Siaka..the old Sintos or Cami Worship..was yet the only one flourishing in this Empire. 1854 Illustr. Mag. Art 3 146/1 The Kami religion lays down for the guidance of all believers who desire to attain earthly happiness and consolation hereafter a series of rules. 1886 T. H. Huxley in 19th Cent. Apr. 494 The state-theology of China and the Kami-theology of Japan. 1993 D. M. Brown in Cambr. Hist. Japan I. 19 As new needs arose in later times, kami beliefs and practices were altered accordingly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). kamin.² Brit. /ˈkami/, U.S. /ˈkɑmi/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, kamis. Forms: 1700s cami, 1800s– kami. Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kami. Etymology: < Japanese kami high-ranking government official, daimyo, person in authority (8th cent.; < kami top).Japanese kami in this sense is etymologically unrelated to its homonym denoting a spiritual force worshipped in the Shinto religion (see kami n.¹), but the two words have been associated within Japanese from an early date. With capital initial. In Japan: (a title for) a governor, daimyo, or other person of authority or high rank. Cf. earlier kami-sama n.¹ Now chiefly historical. ΚΠ 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo ii. 172 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Matsendairo Sunosano camy, Prince of the Province of Sunosa, who lives in the Castle of Tattebys.] 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan II. vi. ii. 93 The Emperor was pleased..to confer upon them [sc. the Governors of Nagasaki] the honour of knighthood, with the title of Cami. 1857 T. Harris 2 Dec. in Compl. Jrnl. (1930) 455 None of the original eighteen Princes are eligible to that office [sc. Council of State], nor any of the Kami or titular Princes. The Kami form the next rank [sc. after Daimyo] and from them are selected the Governors of Imperial cities, provinces and all the high offices about the Court. 1875 Japan Weekly Mail 11 Sept. 791/2 The title Kami was generally solicited by the relatives of the young nobles, Daimio and Hatamoto, who succeed to the chieftainship of the clan or family. 1886 T. H. Huxley in 19th Cent. Apr. 494 (note) ‘Kami’..is also, like our word ‘Lord’, employed as a title of respect among men. 1903 J. Murdoch & I. Yamagata Hist. Japan i. 8 Yoritomo memorialised the emperor, praying that five men of his own family name might be made Kami or governors of..provinces. 1958 G. B. Sansom Hist. Japan to 1334 viii. 172 Each department or ministry consisted of a number of bureaus, at the head of which were chiefs called Kami and vice-chiefs called Suke... The leading man in each province was the Governor (Kami). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1601n.²1727
随便看	wellpublicized wellputon wellqualified wellqualitied wellquarried wellquartered wellqueem wellqueeming wellqueemness wellraised wellranged wellread wellreadied wellreared wellreasoned wellreceived wellrecorded wellreeve wellreeved wellrefined wellreformed wellrefreshing wellregulated wellrelished wellrelishing

kamin.1

Compounds

kamin.2

kamin.¹

kamin.²