judicialadj.n.
/dʒᵿˈdɪʃl/, U.S. /dʒuˈdɪʃəl/ A. adj.
I. Senses relating to the administration of justice, or to the exercise of judgement generally.
1.
a. Of or relating to proceedings in a court of law, to a judge's function in such proceedings, or to the administration of justice; resulting from or fixed by a judgment in court; that has been said or done in court, and thus regarded as valid or admissible. Also figurative, esp. with reference to God (cf. sense A. 5).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > [adjective]
judiciala1325
justicial1477
juridical1502
judicative1527
justiciary1581
judicious1608
jural1635
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 59 Of clerkes writende brefs origenales ant iudiciales is istablist, þat euere for a writ a peni.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 2 Esdras iii. 30 Vnto the hous of sodeknys, and of the men sellende sheldis aȝen the judicial ȝate [L. portam Iudicialem].
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 12 (MED) The tormente of othir that were dampnyd by Iudicialle auctoryte.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2683 He bad men fla hym quyk out of his skynne, And þer-with keuyr þe iudicial see.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 367 (MED) They to haue I-said and ferme or sure..Without Iudiciall noyse of Iuge.
1542 T. Becon Pleasaunt Newe Nosegaye sig. H.viii If thou takeste awaye the iudicial seates & the offices of the lawe, so hast thou vtterly destroyed all the order of oure lyfe.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong On se sied en iugement, they sit at the Iudiciall seat.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 6 Where all causes are adjudged, both criminall and judiciall.
1656 in J. A. Clyde Hope's Major Practicks (1937) I. 187 Wryttis for giveing of a reversion shall make no fayth except it be registratt be the judicciall compeirance of the partie befor some ordinarie judge.
1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. ii. xi. 239 Most Protestant Divines..say that Justification is a Judicial Sentence of God as Judge.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 27 Judicial Acts are said to be all those Writings, and matters which relate to Judicial Proceedings.
1760 T. Cunningham Law Bills of Exchange i. 88 The Defendant did not set forth the Custom of Merchants in particular,..of which Custom the Court cannot take judicial Notice, but it must be pleaded.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xxx. 461 A series of judicial decisions, which have now established the law in such a variety of cases.
1829 Friend 7 Jan. 118/1 Complaint was made before Jeremiah H. Hallock, president judge of the fifth judicial circuit court of Ohio.
1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vi. 290 The association of the legislative and judicial power was open to obvious objection.
1881 W. E. Gladstone Speech in Comm. 22 July A judicial rent was a rent fixed according to the judgment of a judicial body, a dispassionate and impartial body between man and man.
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 26 266 The movement of penal reform in China commenced at the same time as did judicial reform.
1973 Ottawa Jrnl. 16 Aug. 1/6 On close examination it portrays our whole judicial system as something less than perfect.
2009 J. Flavin Our Bodies, Our Crimes 258 In those jurisdictions, LGBT victims [of domestic violence] must turn to the criminal court system for judicial relief.
b. Of, relating to, or befitting a judge or judges.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective]
judiciary?a1425
justicely1434
judicial1548
judicatoriala1656
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John xix. f. cxiiiiv Pilate..by reason of his Iudiciall garment playnly seen and perceyued of the people.
a1668 W. D'Avenant Wks. (1673) 213 I might twirle a Chaine On a judicial Bench: learn to demurre, And sleep out trials in a Gown of Furre.
a1679 M. Poole Annot. Holy Bible (1683) I. sig. 8Bv/2 His Royal and Judicial Robe.
1715 L. Theobald tr. Aristophanes Plutus ii. i. 14 Why truly you have got your Judicial Staff there.
1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal II. ii. xiii. 245 Changing his judicial robes for a more convenient and splendid dress.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. E. India House 58/2 [These men] somewhat similar to aldermen in London..did lately send a memorial desiring judicial salaries.
a1832 J. Mackintosh Life T. More in Wks. (1846) I. 409 That concentration of authority in the hands of the superior courts at Westminster, which contributed indeed to the purity and dignity of the judicial character.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 135 A political difficulty..was laid before the pope in his judicial capacity, in the name of the nation.
1885 J. D. Lynch Bench & Bar of Texas v. 184 His career as a judge was elevating to the bench, and adorned the judicial ermine of the State.
1921 A. Train By Advice of Counsel 76 ‘Bang!’ went the judicial gavel.
1947 Yale Law Jrnl. 56 1281 The case marks the intersection of two conflicting lines of doctrine—judicial self-restraint in the field of state control of economic affairs and judicial activism in the field of state limitations of civil rights.
1973 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. Jan. 39/1 Judge Burger displayed some fine judicial wrath and revoked the station's license on the spot.
2011 Independent (Nexis) 30 July 22 The first Sikh to be made a judge in the High Court..will wear a turban rather than a traditional judicial wig.
c. Of a person, body of people, or institution: having the function of judging; invested with authority to judge cases.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > having function of judge
judicial1561
judiciary1606
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. xii. §1 We purpose not to speake of the righteousnesse of a worldly iudiciall courte [L. non de humani fori iustitia], but of the heauenlye iudgement seat.
1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. A3 Yet cannot these present their griefes to iudiciall men.
1682 W. Charleton Harmony Nat. & Positive Divine Laws i. ix. 68 This was done by War, not from any Sentence of a Judicial Court.
1769 N. Forster Answer to Pamphlet entitled ‘Question stated’ 23 The returning officer is not a judicial, but a purely ministerial officer.
1838 Mirror of Parl. (1st Sess., 13th Parl.) 2 1333/1 A free people seeks..to place their judicial functionaries in a position where they may evince a perfect freedom of action.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. iii. 15 Parliaments were originally judicial as well as legislative assemblies.
1923 Proc. Amer. Soc. Internat. Law 17 86 Refusing support to the existing Court and..establishing another judicial institution.
1967 H. Seton-Watson Russ. Empire i. i. 20 The ispravnik..presided over the local court which was an administrative rather than a judicial body.
2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Sept. 23 The Pope is at the same time the victim, the supreme judicial authority and the head of state.
d. Designating a duel or battle carried out to resolve a legal dispute or settle a case; esp. in judicial combat, judicial duel. Cf. trial by combat at combat n. 1a. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel
handplayeOE
deraignc1300
battlea1400
duellation1502
two-hand battlec1503
combat1567
push of pick1578
monomachy1582
combacy1586
hand fight1587
duel1589
rencounter1590
single fight1598
field meeting1603
camp-fight1605
duello1606
judicial combat1610
fight of stand?1611
stand-fight?1611
business1612
monomachia1624
single combat1625
single field1630
duelliona1637
rencontrea1722
affair of honour1737
meeting1813
holmgang1847
mensur1848
duomachy1885
1610 J. Selden Duello sig. A3 First authors of the Iudiciall Duell.
1610 J. Selden Duello xi. 40 Of Iudicial Combats Criminal, some are for triall of a particular obiected misdeed, against which the Common lawe by ordinary course proceedes.
1712 Acct. Damnable Prizes Old Nicks Lottery 34 Had they had the Civil Advantages we enjoy, judicial Duel had never, probably, been set up.
1779 Ann. Reg. 1778 162/1 In these proceedings, we perceive the source of the judicial combat, which spread so universally over Europe.
1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 56 The practice of private duels grew naturally out of judicial combats.
1882 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. III. §522 Judicial duels..continued in France down to the close of the 14th century.
1904 E. P. Cheyney Short Hist. Eng. vii. 110 The court might declare that the truth or falsity of the charge should be decided by a judicial battle.
1958 G. Clark War & Society 17th Cent. ii. 36 In France King Henry IV reintroduced the judicial duel in 1609.
2002 R. Cohen By Sword i. iii. 43 In 967 the Council of Ravenna declared judicial combat acceptable, citing David's triumph over Goliath as evidence of divine sanction.
2. Of the nature of, subject to, or regulated by secular justice. Frequently in judicial law.Chiefly applied to those parts of Mosaic law which express juridical rather than moral or ceremonial precepts and principles. Cf. moral adj. 5a, ceremonial adj. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > branch of the law > [noun] > secular
judicial lawa1425
society > law > branch of the law > [adjective] > secular
judiciala1425
judiciary1586
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 363 (MED) Ȝif þei wolden be juste, þei mosten kepe cerymonyes and many lawis judicialis þat us nediþ not now to kepe.
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 118 (MED) Alle þe dedis vocaly bi strengþe of þo wordis signified, bi wordis writen in þo x comaundementis, ben pure moral ech oon, and not cerymonial neiþir iudicial.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Eiij The morall law standeth for euer,..The Iudiciall law is next, the which..we be not bound to obserue as the Israelites ware.
1596 T. Morton Salomon sig. ¶2v The iudiciall lawes of the commonwealth or of the kingdome of Israel doe not belong to the Church.
1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 190 Thou shalt not steal, is simply a Law; but this, He that stealeth an Ox, shall restore four-fold, is a Penal, or as other call it, A Judicial Law.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 102 A meer Judiciall Law proper to the Jewish Common-Wealth.
1749 J. Story Ess. conc. Nature of Priesthood ii. 11 The judicial Law belonged to the Magistrates, and directed their Manner of Proceeding.
1796 J. Maxcy Disc. Atonem. i. 8 The laws given to the Israelites were of three kinds, moral, ceremonial and forensic.
1850 J. Eadie Marriage with Deceased Wife's Sister (1864) 4 I waive the preliminary inquiry,—how far the civil or judicial law of Israel is obligatory upon Christian nations.
1922 H. S. Miller Christian Workers' Man. lix. 191 The law given by Moses may be divided into three divisions: 1. The ceremonial law... 2. The judicial law... 3. The moral law.
1993 S. D. Benin Footpr. of God 184 Thomas compares the ceremonial and judicial precepts; in different ways both were figurative.
3. That has or shows sound judgement; discerning, sensible; prudent. Cf. judicious adj. 1, 2.The sense seems to have fallen out of use by late 17th cent.; its subsequent revival has been criticized by some commentators (e.g. H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage (1926) 310), and judicious continues to be more common in this sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [adjective] > showing sound judgement
stablec1290
ripec1405
judging1546
sound1577
judiciala1586
judicious1598
judgmatical1709
well-judged1717
judgmatic1787
veracious1851
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D3v The same man..should..grow..to a iudiciall comprehending of them.
1596 W. Perkins Disc. Conscience ii. 27 Augustine the most iudiciall Divine of all the auncient fathers vpon these words of Christ..saith [etc.].
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Iudiciall,..also wise; graue, of great iudgement.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia v. 200 He shewed himselfe so iudiciall and industrious as gaue great satisfaction.
1634 A. Stafford Guide of Honour 3 The wisest, and most judiciall observations [that] can bee given us of this Worlds affaires.
1833 J. Galt in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 95/2 Am not I Mrs Clatterpenny mysel', and is not this Mr Threeper, my man of business, a most judicial man?
1889 Life 25 July 49/1 Mr. Herndon does not write as a hero-worshiper, but as a judicial man who knew his friend's faults and thought the more of his virtues.
1905 H. W. C. Davis Eng. under Normans & Angevins xiv. 368 Some stigmatised the transaction as ignominious, but the most judicial chronicler of the time calls it a prudent move.
1962 B. DeMott Hells & Benefits 198 What lesson is there in all this for the judicial critic of American books?
1997 H. S. Rowland & B. L. Rowland Nursing Admin. Handbk. (ed. 4) vi. 97/1 A judicial mix of line and staff leaders who have earned the staff's respect and trust..can engineer change best.
4. That pronounces judgement or makes a decision about something; forming or expressing a judgement; disposed to pass judgement; relative to judgement; critical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [adjective]
judging1546
judicial1589
judicatory1603
judiciarya1631
dijudicative1660
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [adjective]
critical1584
critic1586
judicial1589
balancing1850
1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. **2v More iudiciall in matters of conceit, than our quadrant crepundios, that spit ergo in the mouth of euerie one they meete.
a1600 T. Deloney Thomas of Reading (1612) x. sig. Fivv It becommeth not mee to controule your iudicical thoughts.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. iii. 103 I never heard any thing of Pertness, or what is called Repartee out of her Mouth... No dictatorial Sentiments, no judicial Opinions, no profound Criticisms. View more context for this quotation
1765 S. Johnson Plays of Shakespeare I. Pref. p. lx Some plays have more, and some fewer judicial observations.
1841 R. W. Emerson Over-soul in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 287 The whole intercourse of society..is one wide judicial investigation of character.
1846 Law Reporter June 60 His mind was rather judicial than forensic in its cast.
1896 Notes & Queries 8th Ser. 9 160/2 The Quarterly Review has for many years been distinguished for its judicial fairness.
1949 G. Ryle Concept of Mind vi. 174 Those brands of self-knowledge and the knowledge of others which consist in the more or less judicial assessment of long-term propensities and capacities.
2007 J. M. Gaitis Stout Cord & Good Drop p. xi A critical, and somewhat judicial, analysis was..often required.
5. Of the nature of divine judgement; imposed by God by way of a reward or (more usually) punishment; providential. Chiefly Theology in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [adjective] > of the nature of divine punishment
judicial1613
judiciary1630
judgement-like1645
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [adjective] > of judgements of God
sententiala1603
judicial1613
judiciary1630
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 151 That first Anathema and iudiciall curse..denounced against the Samaritans for hindering the worke of the Temple.
1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iii. iii. 97 To give a distinct and Theologic Idea of Gods Judicial Excecation and Induration, [etc.].
1775 J. W. Fletcher in R. Hill & J. W. Fletcher Fictitious & Genuine Creed 45 Our Lord accounts for his judicial election of the obedient.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 277 An infatuation such as, in a more simple age, would have been called judicial.
1891 Homiletic Rev. Sept. 227/2 The result of the Creator's judicial fiat.
1967 J. A. Baker tr. W. Eichrodt Theol. Old Test. II. xvii. 158 God's judicial action is directed against Man alone.
1992 Harvard Theol. Rev. 85 230 Prior to Christ's mission of mediation, all people were under God's judicial condemnation.
II. Technical uses.
6. Relating to or dependent on the interpretation of human affairs by reference to the motions of the planets and stars.judicial astrology: see astrology n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [adjective]
judicialc1400
judiciary1555
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §4. 19 Theise ben obseruauncez of iudicial matiere & rytes of paiens, in which my spirit ne hath no feith, ne no knowyng of hir horoscopum.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 60 The noble science of suche judicielle mater in causis naturelle concernyng the influence of the bodies of hevyn.
1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 149 Neyther is it vnknowne to me what they are wont to laye for themselues, which do sette greate store by the art called magia naturalis, and whiche do greatly esteme and regarde the iudiciall astronomye.
1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xxi. 424 In these 20 daies..the septenaries be Criticall, the quaternaries, iudiciall: all the rest, intercident, and of least force.
1676 W. Lilly Anima Astrologiæ 15 The Judicial part of Astrology, which the Ancients did not regard.
1703 Athenian Oracle II. 438/2 'Tis evident, That 'tis not the Stars, but Judicial Stargazers, that influence such Contradictions.
1752 Biogr. Gallica II. 249 M. le Fevre had an acquaintance far gone in judicial astronomy.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. IV. viii. iii. 51 Among alchymists and judicial astrologers there have been those who have been dupes to the impostures by which they profited.
1878 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 127 Aquila was addicted to the follies of judicial astronomy; he cast his horoscope daily, and passed for a man of the highest learning.
1906 Broad Views Dec. 505 They do not belong to the practical work of astrology, either judicial or genethliacal.
2001 Early Sci. & Med. 6 251 The decline of astrology in the second half of the seventeenth century was due..to the widely perceived failure of the predictions of judicial astrologers of the consequences of the eclipse of 1652.
7. Rhetoric. Of speech or writing: intended to persuade the hearer or reader of the justice of a particular point.In Aristotelian rhetoric commonly contrasted with demonstrative and deliberative modes of speaking; cf. demonstrative adj. 3 and quot. 1553 at deliberative adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [adjective]
rhetorical1530
judicial1532
judiciary1776
demegoric1892
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [adjective] > other specific style
judicial1532
heroic1590
judiciary1603
wild1645
heroi-comic1708
mock-heroic1708
heroi-comical1712
flebilea1734
prosai-comi-epic1749
lusory1779
sulphureous1791
harlequinic1804
mock-heroical1825
newspaperish1825
marmoreal1892
kailyard1895
freestyle1906
paperback1921
nouny1926
Time-ese1947
nounal1952
kitchen sink1959
effectist1961
writerly1974
dirty realist1984
1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. D.viv, (heading) Of the thyrde kynde of oracions, called Iudiciall.
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. Epitome sig. A Of Epistles, some be demonstratiue, some suasorie, and other some iudiciall.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. D1v Those Epistles..wee will deuide vnder ye names & perticularities of Demonstratiue, Deliberatiue, and Iudiciall... Iudiciall comprehendeth Accusatorie, Excusatorie, Expostulatorie, [etc.].
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 3 Every proposite or matter conceived..is reduced to three heads, or kinds, Demonstrative, Deliberative, Judiciall.
1688 tr. Diogenes Lives, Opinions & Sayings Anc. Philosophers vii. 493 Now then for Rhetoric, they asserted it to be Threefold; Deliberative, Judicial, and Demonstrative.
1756 W. Guthrie tr. Quintilian Inst. Eloquence I. ii. xvi. 121 Apollodorus..tells us, that the first and capital Purpose of a judicial Speech ought to be, to persuade the Judge.
1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric II. xxvi. 43 Here was an ample field for what they termed Judicial Eloquence.
1848 Bibliotheca Sacra Nov. 733 The subject of the deliberative or judicial oration having been previously known to the hearers.
1976 B. P. Wallach Lucretius & Diatribe against Fear of Death ii. 25 Such an assumption does not represent an attempt to make book iii fit into the mold of a judicial speech.
2011 R. C. Raymond Readings in Writing Courses iv. 57 King's judicial discourse blends seamlessly with his deliberative discourse.
8. Medicine. Designating certain days or periods of time during the course of an illness when a judgement regarding its nature or the likely outcome is thought to be possible. Cf. critical adj. 1. Now historical.Originally synonymous with critical adj. 1; later often used spec. with reference to days or times which were determined by astrological means (cf. sense A. 6) and typically were thought to occur before or between critical days.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [adjective] > critical
critic?c1400
judicial?1543
critical1556
decretory1577
decretorial1588
decretorian1679
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Fviiiv If the iaundys..appere in the vj. daye, (that is a daye iudiciall or cretike of the ague [Fr. c'est le iour cretique de la fiebure])..it is a very good sygne.
1547 R. Record Vrinal of Physick f. 69 But one thing I must tel you, that the same daies [i.e. Criticall dayes] also be called Iudiciall, but not Indiciall.
1606 J. Fage Speculum Ægrotorum sig. A4v When the Moone commeth thereunto, that day they shall call critticall, iudiciall or mortall according to the space or distance it differeth from the degree of the Zodiake that the Moone possessed when the partie tooke his bed.
1651 N. Culpeper Semeiotica Uranica 37 The time or houres noted betwixt the Crisis, are called the Judiciall times; or such times wherein a man may judge what the disease is, or what it will be.
1732 T. Dale tr. J. Lommius Treat. Continual Fevers 203 For, as the judicial Days are the more efficacious, so likewise are their Indices.
1836 U.S. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. Aug. 10/2 The critical days were also called judicial, or indicating days, as affording a judgment concerning what might be expected at the next critical term.
1987 S. J. Tester Hist. Western Astrol. vi. 223 When the Moon moved into the same degree as the decumbiture, in the next following ‘house’, that was a judicial day.
B. n.† 2. † 3.
1. A law or ordinance, esp. one in Mosaic law relating to secular, as opposed to moral or ceremonial, matters. Usually in plural. Cf. sense A. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > [noun] > a law > other general types of law
judicialc1400
proper law1609
antinomy1644
cobweb law1649
post-law1663
overlaw1883
inn law1930
loi-cadre1953
c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 285 (MED) Sermonyalis of þe oolde lawe & summe iudycialis bynden nouȝt now.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 18 The positijf lawe of the cerymonyes iudicialis and sacramentalis.
1531 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student (new ed.) lv. f. cli By the law of god in the olde testamente callyd the Iudycyals.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. sig. Kk.vjv/2 The Judicialls teach the gouernement of an house or a common weale.
1652 E. Sparke Scintillula Altaris 242 In all the Judicials and Ceremonials..there was ever somewhat Moral wrapped up in them.
1796 Telegraph 14 Dec. They..bestow upon them whatever prerogative the Kings of Judah and Israel used or usurped, as if the judicials of Moses were appointed by God for all commonwealths.
1812 W. Findley Observ. ‘Two Sons of Oil’ v. 270 Neither..let any man be cumbered with this doubt, that judicials and ceremonials also pertain to the moral laws.
1990 S. B. Ferguson in W. S. Barker & W. R. Godfrey Theonomy xiv. 327 For theonomists the governing principle is that the Mosaic judicials have not expired but are still in force.
a. A judgement, decision, or determination. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun]
doomc950
redeOE
lookingc1300
assizec1314
judging1357
definitionc1384
man's dayc1384
termination1395
discretiona1400
discussiona1425
decidingc1443
judicial1447
decisionc1454
arbitry1489
determinationa1513
determining1530
decerninga1535
discuss1556
discussment1559
thought1579
decernment1586
arbitrage1601
dijudication1615
crisis1623
decidementa1640
determinatinga1640
discernment1646
syndication1650
judication1651
dijudicatinga1656
adjudicature1783
call1902
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 5480 Aftyr þe iudycyal of uery resoun, To louyn hys credytour most holdyn was he Wych of hys dette had most pardoun.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie Ep. Ded. sig. ⁋iiii Whose effectuall iudiciall of your vertues, made such deepe impression in my attentiue imagination.
1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 32 There is no true judiciall of the falling and rising of commodities.
b. Astrology. An act of determining a future event from the positions of celestial objects; an astrological prediction; the system for making such predictions. Also in extended use: a prognostication, a prophecy. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [noun]
judgementa1393
judicial1496
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. xxxiv. sig. diij/1 All that..take hede to the Iudycyall of astronomye or to dyuynacyons.
1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶¶.i.v The..phantasticall obseruations of the iudicials of Astrologie.
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iv. xxxvi. f. 232v A generall figure of the 12. houses of Heauen, according to the Iudicial of Astrology.
1610 J. Heath Two Cent. Epigr. 2 One by profession a Palmester, That in his rare iudicials could not erre.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 23 Where is obliquity, but in the judicials of Astrologie?
1756 Merlinus Liberatus sig. C6 The ingress of the Sun into Aries..is a natural and sure foundation to build annual Astrological judicials on.
1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous xi, in Tales of My Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 262 I cannot presume to understand what you call prophecies, with or under warranted authority of..invocations of damned spirits, judicials, astrologicals, [etc.].
c. Medicine. Evaluation of a sample of urine; a sign (in the urine) used in such evaluation; a diagnosis of the nature of a disease, esp. by means of the examination of urine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis
judicial?1527
knowledge?1541
diagnosis1681
diacrisis1854
?1527 (title) Iudycyall of Vryns.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke Pref. 10 The corporall physicians doo often tymes varie..in their iudicials of the diseases [L. in morborum iudicijs].
1606 J. Fage Speculum Ægrotorum sig. A2 Hee which compareth these documents with the iudicials of vrine, shall thereby not onely decerne and perceiue the true cause of the disease, but also the augmentation, relaxation, continuance and alteration thereof to good or euill.
1651 Record's Urinal of Physick (new ed.) ix. 66 Other things should I here speak of, as touching the Judiciall of the contents.
a. Legal judgment; a decision made, or sentence passed, in law. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court
judgement?a1300
rulinga1382
deliverance1385
sentencec1386
laudc1465
judiciala1500
arrest1509
interlocutor1533
finding1581
fatwa1625
decreea1642
arrêtc1650
a1500 in Notes & Queries (1977) Dec. 486/1 That tyme that Pilate gaue iudiciall And saide on the that þou shuldiste honge.
?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. xxvi Yt ys to youre condemnacion and to youre ignominy that you do exercyse iudycialles amonge you.
1660 R. Burney Κέρδιστον Δῶρον 99 Our Saviours own argument, concerning the Iudicials of an Infidel, He can but kill the body.
b. An instrument of legal punishment. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [noun] > implement or means
roda1393
judiciala1641
a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) I. 201 Stocks, cage, tumbrell, pillory, Cucking-stoole and other Juditialls and castigatories.
Compounds
judicial blindness n. inability to recognize religious truth, regarded as a punishment inflicted by God; cf. sense A. 5; also in extended use.
ΚΠ
1647 S. Rutherford Christ Dying 333 Sinning against the light of nature and the known will of God, as Idolatry and the principles of your own Religion, true and known to be so, brings delivering up to judiciall blindnesse.
1736 J. Gill Cause God & Truth II. 35 They are left to their natural infidelity, and given up to judicial blindness and hardness of heart.
1815 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 13 275 Almost it seems as if he [sc. Napoleon], and the flagitious army by which he is supported,..were stricken with judicial blindness.
1905 A. C. Gaebelein Hath God cast away his People? iv. 31 Every generation of Jews, in refusing the light which shines for all,..is put under this sentence of judicial blindness.
2006 T. LaHaye & E. Hindson Pop. Bible Prophecy Comm. 355/2 Those who did not believe did so because of the judicial blindness God had placed on the nation.
judicial comity n. Law informal and discretionary recognition by one court of the judicial decisions made by a court of a different authority or jurisdiction, esp. as an act of deference or respect.
ΚΠ
1816 Carolina Law Repository Sept. 528 The profound, uniform, and unaffected respect which this court has always exhibited for state decisions, give us strong pretensions to judicial comity.
1890 R. Foster Treat. Pleading & Pract. Equity xvii. 386 His authority in the other circuit is recognized merely by judicial comity.
1923 Times 8 June 13/5 The error was so elementary that, as a matter of judicial comity, I thought it kinder not to call public attention to it.
1978 Jrnl. Interamerican Stud. & World Affairs 20 42 Enforcement of a state's liability was limited to judicial comity.
2013 P. Gragl Accession European Union to European Convent. Human Rights iv. 39 The Arbitral Tribunal's decision can be considered a demonstration of judicial comity rather than a legal obligation.
Judicial Committee n. Law (usually more fully as Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) a tribunal in the United Kingdom, established in 1833, which considers appeals made to the Queen (or King) in Council.The Committee's main role now is to consider appeals from courts in Crown dependencies, British Overseas Territories, and several Commonwealth countries. It also hears certain ecclesiastical and professional cases originating within the United Kingdom. Other appeals formerly made to the sovereign in Council now come before the Court of Appeal as constituted by the Judicature Acts.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of appeal or review > types of
chequer-chamber1528
Court of (the) Delegates1554
exchequer-chamber1640
quarter sessions1661
Judicial Committee1833
1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 41 §1 A committee of His Majesty's said Privy Council..styled ‘The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council’.
1857 3rd Petition to Parl. Members Bombay Assoc. 5 At present the ultimate appeal is to English lawyers, who constitute the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, most of whom have never been in India.
1884 Law Times 11 Oct. 384/1 It has been the practice of English Queen's Counsel to lead colonial Queen's Counsel in appeals before the Judicial Committee.
1900 Guardian 7 Nov. 1576/1 Those who object to the competency of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to decide spiritual causes have for more historical ground for their objection that is commonly supposed.
1949 Dict. National Biogr. 1931–40 at Tomlin, Thomas James Chesshyre A few days earlier he had been sworn of the Privy Council and he became a member of the Judicial Committee.
1965 National Assembly Official Rep. (Republic of Kenya) 4 747 Continuing appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council would not be in keeping with the dignity of our Republic.
2006 Times (Nexis) 9 Mar. 28 The judicial committee of the Privy Council struck down the mandatory death sentence imposed.
judicial factor n. Scots Law an agent or trustee appointed by the Court of Session or the sheriff court to administer the estate of another; cf. factor n. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > administrator appointed by court
judicial factora1768
manager1793
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. ii. xii. 405 The rules by which a judicial factor on a sequestered estate ought to conduct himself.
1894 Daily News 6 June 8/6 Charged..with stealing 1,100l. from two estates on which he was judicial factor.
2012 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 May 2 Ian Mitchell..has been appointed judicial factor for the business by the Court of Session.
judicial factory n. Scots Law the employment, office, or position of a judicial factor.
ΚΠ
1829 Cases Court of Session 7 205 Intimation of a petition for recall of a judicial factory dispensed with, where the factor had applied for a sequestration of his estates under the Bankrupt Act.
1908 Scots Digest Scots Appeals 1 858 Recall of a judicial factory on the estate of a party who had disappeared.
1996 S. P.Walker in T. A. Lee Shaping Accountancy Profession i. 19 The most significant judicial factory awarded to Jamieson..was that which emanated from the Orr Ewing case of 1883.
judicial immunity n. Law legal immunity granted to judges and others involved in judicial activities for (civil) liabilities resulting from their official duties; an immunity of this kind.
ΚΠ
1847 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 25 Jan. 3/2 In consequence of this judicial immunity he would not be liable to an indictment.
1922 Harvard Law Rev. 35 752 A consul acting as judge has, of course, judicial immunities.
1982 G. T. Gates in F. R. J. Fields & R. J. Horwitz Psychol. & Professional Pract. ix. 166 Since court-appointed physicians are, in effect, judicial officers, they are entitled to the protection of judicial immunity.
2013 Daily News Egypt 29 Apr. Since he is a judge, however, the prosecution cannot summon him because of his judicial immunity.
judicial inquiry n. an inquiry carried out by a judicial body or in accordance with judicial process, or (esp. in later use) presided over by a judge.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > judicial inquiry
inquestc1290
assize1297
inquisition1387
questa1393
examinationc1410
judicial inquiry1702
tribunal1916
1702 Short Narr. Proc. against Bp. of St. A. 9 This Lamentable State of the Diocess..could not chuse but move his Grace to order a Judicial Inquiry into the Miscarriages complained of.
1745 Scots Mag. Apr. 165/2 A plain fact you may inquire into; but a personal qualification can never be, by itself alone, a proper subject for a judicial inquiry.
1855 Law Mag. 53 15 The process is hardly consistent with the calmness necessary for the right conduct of a judicial inquiry.
1916 19th Cent. & After June 1340 Once the heavy hand of the Board of Trade can be lifted from the control of the railways, and a genuine judicial inquiry initiated, the railway shareholder will realise [etc.].
2005 C. Walmsley Protecting Aboriginal Children i. 1 The changes, proposed by Judge Thomas Gove, emerged from his judicial inquiry into the death of five-year-old Matthew.
judicial killing n. death inflicted by process of law; capital punishment; an instance of this; cf. judicial murder n.
ΚΠ
1838 F. Lieber Man. Polit. Ethics I. ii. v. 190 The extra-judicial killing of a person may become absolutely necessary in a specific case of self-preservation.]
1843 Liberator (Boston) 9 June 98/4 The graphic effusion of Whittier on ‘Human Sacrifice’, alias Capital Punishment or Judicial Killing.
1849 W. S. Mayo Kaloolah xxi. 200 The rush and roar of Niagara,..the death-dealing charge of the battle-field, even the judicial killings called capital punishments, are nothing in comparison [to cold-blooded murder].
1922 G. B. Shaw in S. Webb & B. Webb Eng. Prisons under Local Govt. p. lvi About [the killing of] a chronically homicidal lunatic there should be no hesitation whatever as long as we practise judicial killing at all.
2012 T. E. Hill Virtue, Rules, & Justice xiii. 314 The value of humanity gives us a strong presumption against judicial killing and also against sentencing offenders to demeaning and debilitating conditions.
judicial murder n. death inflicted by process of law, capital punishment, esp. considered to be unjust or cruel; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > sentence > death-sentence > unjust
judicial murder1688
1688 J. Northleigh Nat. Allegiance vi. 37 He would willingly make this Proceeding against the Knight but a sort of Judicial Murder.
1797 J. Workman Let. to Duke of Portland 56 Judicial robbery, like judicial murder, can never long be an established system in a country where the voice of the people is heard.
1858 J. Paget Inq. Evid. relating to Charges brought by Ld. Macaulay ii. 26 The many judicial murders which disgraced that period of our history.
2007 Independent (Nexis) 1 Nov. 42 There is little difference in kind between Saudi's public execution and America's much-publicised methods of judicial murder.
judicial review n. Law the process whereby a judicial body re-examines and rules upon a matter previously decided in another court or assembly, or (more generally) upon the legal validity of any action, condition, etc., referred to it for assessment; an instance of this.In the United Kingdom, usually referring to the review by the High Court or Court of Session of an administrative action carried out by a public body, and in the United States, to the review by the Supreme Court of the validity of a legislative act or executive decision.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [noun] > review
reviewing1573
review1615
judicial review1771
1771 Middlesex Jrnl. 16 Apr. They formed the High Court of Parliament, and were a Court of Legislation, of judicial review, and of criminal jurisdiction.
1851 in Federal Cases (U.S.) (1895) IX. 793/1 The propriety of the reissue in the case before us can hardly claim a judicial review.
1923 Central Law Jrnl. 96 277/2 It is proposed by constitutional amendment to take from the Supreme Court the power of judicial review of legislative enactment.
1966 Texas Law Rev. 44 939 When one looks at the problems which judicial review of law enforcement activities presents to police departments, [etc.].
1981 Times 15 July 4/8 A ratepayer, leaving aside proceedings for prohibition, certiorari or mandamus, or now for judicial review..could not sue a local authority..without the Attorney General's consent.
2004 Crime & Justice 31 136 The practice of police cautioning is subject to judicial review, though within rather narrow limits.
judicial separation n. Law legally authorized separation whereby a couple, while officially remaining married, are allowed or ordered to live apart. Cf. a mensa et thoro adv.In England and Wales used esp. of separations as regulated by the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857.
ΚΠ
1678 J. Godolphin Repertorium Canonicum xxxvi. 497 In the acceptation of our Christian Courts, Divorce appears not to be any more than the solemn Judicial separation from Conjugal Society..than the utter rescinding and dissolving the Bands.
1751 Case George Montgomerie-Moir & Anne Montgomery 3 For lesser Causes or Injuries, a Judicial Separation â mensa & thoro is allowed.
1857 Act 20 & 21 Victoria c. 85 §16 A Sentence of Judicial Separation (which shall have the Effect of a Divorce à Mensâ et Thoro under the existing Law..) may be obtained, either by the Husband or the Wife, on the ground of Adultery [etc.].
1904 Westm. Gaz. 7 Dec. 7/2 The husband denied various acts described as cruelty by the wife, and cross-petitioned for judicial separation.
1995 Which? Tax Saving Guide 52/2 You are considered separated for tax purposes if there's a decree of judicial separation or a separation deed, or if the separation is likely to be permanent.
judicial trustee n. Law (originally Scots Law) a person appointed by a court of law to act on behalf of another, or (formerly) recognized by a court as so acting, esp. with regard to the management of property.
ΚΠ
1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iii. ix. 408 As executors are judicial trustees, they cannot make payment..without a sentence authorising them.
1821 Caledonian Mercury 11 Aug. (advt.) Offers..may be addressed to John Stuart, accountant,..the judicial trustee on Mr Gibson's estate.
1894 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 2 Feb. 2/6 Negotiations between the Panama canal liquidators and M. Bartissol, the judicial trustee of the bondholders, have ended.
1910 Washington Post 3 Mar. 6/5 He [sc. Prince Miguel of Braganza]..is entirely at the mercy of the curators, or judicial trustees appointed by the court.
2012 G. Virgo Princ. Equity & Trusts xii. 386 A more convenient solution is for the settlor, trustees, or beneficiaries to apply to the court to have a judicial trustee appointed.
Derivatives
judiciˈality n. the quality or character of being judicial (in various senses); esp. judiciousness; (formerly also) †the judicial profession or system (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > quality of
judicialness1547
judiciality1621
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > quality of
judicialness1547
judiciality1621
judiciousness1644
distinctness1654
1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 48 Clergie men..fell off from morality in the matter of Tithes, into iudiciality.
1683 J. S. Present State Eng.: Pts. III & IV 68 That the Idle and Industrious alike..be constrain'd to lie starving and stinking to death in a loathsom Gaol, is a piece of Judiciality.
1790 Whitehall Evening Post 24–27 July The Regulation of the Judiciality in the Districts.
1867 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Jan. 1 His mind..has something different, in its kind of judiciality, from what is usually meant by impartial intellectual judgment.
1924 Harvard Law Rev. 37 545 (title) The judiciality of minimum-wage legislation.
2002 D. Kunzle Criminal to Courtier xii. 368 The low, artificial podium often provided for the officer enhances his judiciality.
juˈdicialness n. now rare the quality or character of being judicial (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > quality of
judicialness1547
judiciality1621
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > quality of
judicialness1547
judiciality1621
judiciousness1644
distinctness1654
1547 A. Boorde Pryncyples Astronamye sig. C.vi The Iudiciallnes of the Aspectes of the Mone.
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Judicialness, judicial Quality, State or Condition.
1876 Dublin Rev. Apr. 368 We may mention it as a most honourable mark of Hergenröther's fairness and judicialness.
1927 C. F. Thwing Guides, Philosophers, & Friends xxii. 444 A certain intellectual balance, or judicialness, or fairness, which some might say is chiefly dominant and characteristic.
1995 Columbia Law Rev. 95 1772 Preclusive effect will not be given to a determination that does not meet federal standards of ‘judicialness’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.a1325