Knoevenageln.
/ˈknʊvənɑːɡəl/ Chemistry.
Used attributively and occasionally in the possessive to designate various reactions in organic chemistry, esp. the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone and malonic acid or a related compound containing active hydrogen, catalysed by ammonia or an amine, to yield an acid with the group CH·CH·COOH.
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Knoevenagel1907
1907 J. B. Cohen Org. Chem. Adv. Students I. vii. 285 (heading) Knoevenagel's reaction.
1931 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 745 Catalytic action..effected by the salts of bases with mineral acids in the malonic acid condensation and the Knoevenagel reaction generally.
1938 G. H. Richter Textbk. Org. Chem. xvi. 289 The Knoevenagel reaction is the condensation of the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones with active methylene hydrogens; the reaction takes place in the presence of primary and secondary amines, especially diethylamine or piperidine. Knoevenagel was the first to point out the great catalytic power of ammonia and amines for this type of condensation.
1967 Org. Reactions XV. 204 (heading) The Knoevenagel condensation.
1969 R. C. Denney Named Org. Reactions 52 An interesting development has been the use of the Knoevenagel condensation to increase the chain length of sugars.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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