Kelvinn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkɛlvɪn/, U.S.

/ˈkɛlv(ə)n/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Kelvin.

Etymology: < the title of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), Scottish physicist, engineer, and inventor.Used in senses and compounds reflecting various aspects of Thomson's work; compare Thomson n. 1. Thomson worked widely, among other things, on thermodynamics, electrics, and telegraphy. He was knighted in 1866 and elevated to the peerage in 1892 (the first scientist thus honoured), taking the title of Baron Kelvin of Largs. Thomson discussed the temperature scale (compare senses A. 2 and A. 4) in 1848, in Philos. Mag. 33 313–7. He first developed a form of the current balance (compare sense A. 3b) in 1882; an improved version was patented in 1893.

A. n.

I. Simple uses.

1. With lower-case initial. A name proposed (but little used) for: the kilowatt-hour, the ordinary commercial unit of electric energy. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > one thousand watts > commercial unit

unit1886

Kelvin1892

kilowatt-hour1892

Board of Trade unit1913

1892 Electrician 6 May 1/1 The President of the Board of Trade having cordially approved and Lord Kelvin having acquiesced; after the word ‘unit’ in the Provisional Orders of this year, the words ‘hereinafter called a kelvin’ will be introduced.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 740/1 The corresponding energy unit being the kilowatt-second, and 3600 kilowatt-seconds or 1 kilowatt-hour called a ‘Board of Trade unit’ or a ‘kelvin’.

1985 Educ. in Chem. 22 145/2 Named in his honour are the Kelvin, a commercial unit of electricity (formerly given to the kilowatt-hour); Kelvin's Law for measuring the most economical diameter of an electric wire; [etc.].

2. Usually with lower-case initial. A unit of thermodynamic temperature, equivalent in magnitude to one degree Celsius, originally introduced by Lord Kelvin for use in the Kelvin scale and later adopted as one of the base units in the International System of Units. Symbol K.The increments used in the Kelvin scale were originally called ‘degrees kelvin’ (see sense B.) and defined with reference to absolute zero and the ice and steam points of water. In 1968 they were renamed ‘kelvins’ and redefined by specifying the size of one kelvin as being equal to one divided by the value of the triple point of water.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that from May the following year, the kelvin would be redefined as the amount of temperature for which the value of Boltzmann's constant is exactly 1.380648 × 10⁻²³.Noise temperature and colour temperature are also measured in kelvins.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific

Fahrenheit degree1841

Celsius degree1847

Kelvin degree1941

millidegree1951

microdegree1957

Rankine degree1963

Kelvin1968

1968 Nature 16 Nov. 651/2 Resolution No. 3 [of the thirteenth General Conference of Weights and Measures] changes the name of the ‘degree Kelvin’ (symbol °K) simply to ‘kelvin’, with symbol K.

1972 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 19 161/2 (caption) T_N is the noise temperature in kelvins.

1990 R. Morris Edges of Sci. i. iii. 38 A body with a temperature of 2.7 Kelvins will emit short radio waves known as microwaves.

2002 Sound & Vision May 85/2 The most telling result is the colorimetry calibration, which is a graph of the color temperature in kelvins.

2019 Appl. Thermal Engin. 150 988/1 The plasma in the nozzle is at several thousands of kelvins.

II. Compounds.

a. Kelvin's law n. (also Lord Kelvin's law) any of several laws enunciated by Lord Kelvin; spec. the law that the most economical cross-sectional area of a conductor used as a transmission line is that for which the cost of the energy dissipated in any period is equal to the charges during the same period on the capital cost of the line.

ΚΠ

1892 Science 10 June 325/2 Applying Lord Kelvin's law as to the relation between the electro-motive force of a cell, and the thermal value of the chemical actions contributing to it, they find [etc.].

1899 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 38 66 10,000 electric horse power of induced current of 11,000 volts can be carried to Buffalo by six cables, each ⁵/ ₈″ in diameter, and capable of transmitting 10,000 electric horse power,..based on Lord Kelvin's law of economy as to size of conductors.

1941 New Eng. Q. 14 542 Maxwell's theory of gases, Lord Kelvin's law of entropy, and Gibbs's law of phase presented to the philosopher an impressive array of natural forces.

1949 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 93 455/1 By Kelvin's Law, speed [of a telegraph signal] is directly proportional to conductivity and inversely proportional to resistance.

1957 W. J. John Mod. Electr. Engin. III. x. 301/2 Kelvin's law is usually expressed in terms of annual costs, though it is equally true of capitalized costs.

1988 Science 23 Dec. 1672/2 For small liquid droplets in equilibrium with their vapor, Kelvin's law gives an increase of vapor pressure..whereas Raoult's law would predict a decrease.

2004 Nature 19 Aug. 850/2 Circulation shows that mean vortex-centre (1) circulation..is not significantly different from the sum of negative circulation in vortex centres (2) and (3).., as required by Kelvin's law.

b. Kelvin balance n. an instrument for measuring an electric current consisting of a set of horizontal coils arranged in the form of a balance with a sliding weight, which is used to balance the electromagnetic forces produced by the current when it is passed through the coils.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > measurement of force > instrument for

rheometer1839

thermo-electrometer1842

ammeter1882

Kelvin balance1892

milliammeter1902

bell-rheometer-

1890 Science 17 Jan. 43/1 A current of known value, as measured by the Thomson balance, was allowed to pass through it.]

1892 Electr. Engineer 25 Nov. 543/2 Any other instruments..were standardised and referred to the above mentioned Kelvin balance, which was one specially constructed for alternating-current measurement.

1933 E. W. Golding Electr. Measurem. ii. 14 Kelvin balances are manufactured with ten different ranges up to 2,500 amp.

2004 World Patent Information 26 316/2 A standard 1 A Kelvin balance was made for the Board of Trade Electrical Standards Laboratory.

c. Kelvin double bridge n. (also Kelvin bridge) a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used for measuring low resistances, having in addition to the unknown resistor two pairs of variable ratio resistors and an adjustable standard resistor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > instrument used in measuring > in form of bridge

bridge1865

Wheatstone bridge1865

wire bridge1880

post-office bridge1890

post office box1894

Kelvin double bridge1896

Maxwell bridge1907

1885 Science 20 Nov. 447/2 We notice, among others..Siemens's modification of Thomson's bridge for measurements of low resistance.]

1896 Proc. Physical Soc. 14 166 A convenient method for determining low resistances, such as..a Kelvin bridge.

1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 119 The current leads of standard resistances intended for measurement on the Kelvin double bridge should have a resistance not greater than the standard itself.

1967 H. Cotton Adv. Electr. Technol. iii. 92 Calculate the current flowing in the galvanometer of the Kelvin double-bridge circuit.

2004 M. M. S. Anand Electronic Instruments v. 180 Wheatstone bridge and Kelvin bridge are the basic dc bridges.

a. Kelvin scale n. (also Kelvin temperature scale, Kelvin thermodynamic scale) an absolute scale of temperature in which zero is identified with absolute zero and kelvins are the units of measurement; cf. sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales

Fahrenheit thermometer1732

Fahrenheit scale1740

Fahrenheit1754

Réaumur scale1764

Celsius thermometer1781

Réaumur1785

Celsius1790

Celsius scale1790

R1806

Wedgwood1807

centigrade1812

absolute temperature scale1886

Kelvin scale1908

Rankine scale1931

Rankine temperature1938

1871 J. C. Maxwell Theory of Heat viii. 155 (heading) Thomson's absolute scale of temperature.]

1908 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 176 421 The derivation of the Kelvin thermodynamic scale from the expansion of nitrogen.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics ix. 140 Two temperatures on the Kelvin scale are to each other as the heats absorbed and rejected respectively by a Carnot engine operating between reservoirs at these temperatures.

1962 Units & Standards of Measurement National Physical Lab.: Temperature 3 The thermodynamic Kelvin scale..is recognized as the fundamental scale to which all temperature measurements should ultimately be referred.

2005 W. C. Whitman et al. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Technol. (ed. 5) i. 4 The Fahrenheit absolute scale is called the Rankine scale..and the Celsius absolute scale is known as the Kelvin scale.

b. Kelvin temperature n. a temperature on the Kelvin scale.Quot. 1920 shows the graphic abbreviation Kelvin temp (cf. temp n.¹).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > based on absolute zero

absolute temperature1849

Kelvin temperature1920

1920 Chem. Abstr. 14 3350 The heat transfer..is given by the formula log log T₁/t − log log T₂/t = Mx, where T₁ and T₂ are Kelvin temps.

1930 U.S. Patent 1,771,343 4/2 Another method consists in bringing the material..to a Kelvin temperature which will assure the presence of adequate radiation wave-lengths.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiii. 232 The isothermal compressibility of copper is plotted against the Kelvin temperature in Fig. 72.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. ix. 355 The best superalloys now operate successfully at a Kelvin temperature which is as much as 85% of the melting temperature.

c. Kelvin degree n. = sense A. 2. Symbol °K.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific

Fahrenheit degree1841

Celsius degree1847

Kelvin degree1941

millidegree1951

microdegree1957

Rankine degree1963

Kelvin1968

1941 Temperature (Amer. Inst. Physics) 11 When using the Thermodynamic Centigrade Scale one is simply expressing the number of Kelvin degrees that a particular thermal state is above or below the ice point.

1963 T. D. Eastop & A. McConkey Appl. Thermodynamics i. 8 1 Kelvin degree is equivalent to 1·8 Rankine degree.

2001 N. Brown Hist. & Climate Change vi. 149 One might presume that, within conditions as severe as those bound to obtain around the Greenland settlements, variation of a kelvin degree or two in mean temperature would affect human prospects little.

5. Meteorology and Oceanography. Kelvin wave n. a type of long, non-dispersive gravity wave in the ocean or atmosphere which is trapped against a physical boundary such as a coastline or mountain range; spec. such a wave forced to travel along the equator by forces resulting from the rotation of the earth.As a result of the earth's Coriolis force, Kelvin waves travel anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Equatorial Kelvin waves only flow eastwards and are associated with the onset of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > other

way1578

wake1753

clean, clear breach1867

feather-spray1867

south-western1872

bow-wave1877

gravity wave1877

blind roller1888

gravitational wave1899

Kelvin wave1922

rooster tail1934

slide1935

bow shock1938

beacher1956

1922 Proc. London Math. Soc. 20 149 In the case of..the Irish Sea observations point to the existence of two Kelvin waves, one inward and the other outward bound.

1963 C. A. M. King Introd. Oceanogr. v. 168 A Kelvin Wave..is found in the English Channel..in situations in which much of the energy of a progressive wave is lost.

1975 Jrnl. Physical Oceanogr. 5 578/2 I wish to propose a new theory and explanation for the development of El Niño... This may happen in the form of an internal equatorial Kelvin wave.

2002 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 15 Mar. 8 At the equator a combination of winds and the earth's rotation combine to produce Kelvin waves.

B. adj.

As a postmodifier. Of a thermometric degree or specified number of degrees: measured on the Kelvin scale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [adjective] > specific scales

centesimal1635

centigrade1799

Réaumur1799

Fahrenheit1807

cent.1809

Celsius1878

Kelvin1911

Rankine1933

1911 Physical Rev. 33 220 The writer has assumed that the degree Kelvin and the degree centigrade were equal.

1930 Engineering 9 May 595/3 A perfect gas of one free electron per atom would necessarily contribute three calories per gram-atom per degree Kelvin to the specific heat of the metal.

1953 R. A. Heinlein Starman Jones xv. 202 Bolometric readings showed the star to have a surface temperature slightly over 6000° Kelvin.

1973 Sci. Amer. Aug. 84/3 Liquid hydrogen..must be stored at an extremely low temperature (22 degrees Kelvin, or 22 degrees Celsius above absolute zero).

1998 Nature 15 Oct. 626/3 On applying magnetic fields of up to 30 tesla to a sample cooled to about a tenth of a degree kelvin, they observed jumps in conductance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kelvin
释义	Kelvinn.adj. Brit. /ˈkɛlvɪn/, U.S. /ˈkɛlv(ə)n/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Kelvin. Etymology: < the title of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), Scottish physicist, engineer, and inventor.Used in senses and compounds reflecting various aspects of Thomson's work; compare Thomson n. 1. Thomson worked widely, among other things, on thermodynamics, electrics, and telegraphy. He was knighted in 1866 and elevated to the peerage in 1892 (the first scientist thus honoured), taking the title of Baron Kelvin of Largs. Thomson discussed the temperature scale (compare senses A. 2 and A. 4) in 1848, in Philos. Mag. 33 313–7. He first developed a form of the current balance (compare sense A. 3b) in 1882; an improved version was patented in 1893. A. n. I. Simple uses. 1. With lower-case initial. A name proposed (but little used) for: the kilowatt-hour, the ordinary commercial unit of electric energy. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > one thousand watts > commercial unit unit1886 Kelvin1892 kilowatt-hour1892 Board of Trade unit1913 1892 Electrician 6 May 1/1 The President of the Board of Trade having cordially approved and Lord Kelvin having acquiesced; after the word ‘unit’ in the Provisional Orders of this year, the words ‘hereinafter called a kelvin’ will be introduced. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 740/1 The corresponding energy unit being the kilowatt-second, and 3600 kilowatt-seconds or 1 kilowatt-hour called a ‘Board of Trade unit’ or a ‘kelvin’. 1985 Educ. in Chem. 22 145/2 Named in his honour are the Kelvin, a commercial unit of electricity (formerly given to the kilowatt-hour); Kelvin's Law for measuring the most economical diameter of an electric wire; [etc.]. 2. Usually with lower-case initial. A unit of thermodynamic temperature, equivalent in magnitude to one degree Celsius, originally introduced by Lord Kelvin for use in the Kelvin scale and later adopted as one of the base units in the International System of Units. Symbol K.The increments used in the Kelvin scale were originally called ‘degrees kelvin’ (see sense B.) and defined with reference to absolute zero and the ice and steam points of water. In 1968 they were renamed ‘kelvins’ and redefined by specifying the size of one kelvin as being equal to one divided by the value of the triple point of water.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that from May the following year, the kelvin would be redefined as the amount of temperature for which the value of Boltzmann's constant is exactly 1.380648 × 10⁻²³.Noise temperature and colour temperature are also measured in kelvins. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific Fahrenheit degree1841 Celsius degree1847 Kelvin degree1941 millidegree1951 microdegree1957 Rankine degree1963 Kelvin1968 1968 Nature 16 Nov. 651/2 Resolution No. 3 [of the thirteenth General Conference of Weights and Measures] changes the name of the ‘degree Kelvin’ (symbol °K) simply to ‘kelvin’, with symbol K. 1972 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 19 161/2 (caption) T_N is the noise temperature in kelvins. 1990 R. Morris Edges of Sci. i. iii. 38 A body with a temperature of 2.7 Kelvins will emit short radio waves known as microwaves. 2002 Sound & Vision May 85/2 The most telling result is the colorimetry calibration, which is a graph of the color temperature in kelvins. 2019 Appl. Thermal Engin. 150 988/1 The plasma in the nozzle is at several thousands of kelvins. II. Compounds. 3. a. Kelvin's law n. (also Lord Kelvin's law) any of several laws enunciated by Lord Kelvin; spec. the law that the most economical cross-sectional area of a conductor used as a transmission line is that for which the cost of the energy dissipated in any period is equal to the charges during the same period on the capital cost of the line. ΚΠ 1892 Science 10 June 325/2 Applying Lord Kelvin's law as to the relation between the electro-motive force of a cell, and the thermal value of the chemical actions contributing to it, they find [etc.]. 1899 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 38 66 10,000 electric horse power of induced current of 11,000 volts can be carried to Buffalo by six cables, each ⁵/ ₈″ in diameter, and capable of transmitting 10,000 electric horse power,..based on Lord Kelvin's law of economy as to size of conductors. 1941 New Eng. Q. 14 542 Maxwell's theory of gases, Lord Kelvin's law of entropy, and Gibbs's law of phase presented to the philosopher an impressive array of natural forces. 1949 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 93 455/1 By Kelvin's Law, speed [of a telegraph signal] is directly proportional to conductivity and inversely proportional to resistance. 1957 W. J. John Mod. Electr. Engin. III. x. 301/2 Kelvin's law is usually expressed in terms of annual costs, though it is equally true of capitalized costs. 1988 Science 23 Dec. 1672/2 For small liquid droplets in equilibrium with their vapor, Kelvin's law gives an increase of vapor pressure..whereas Raoult's law would predict a decrease. 2004 Nature 19 Aug. 850/2 Circulation shows that mean vortex-centre (1) circulation..is not significantly different from the sum of negative circulation in vortex centres (2) and (3).., as required by Kelvin's law. b. Kelvin balance n. an instrument for measuring an electric current consisting of a set of horizontal coils arranged in the form of a balance with a sliding weight, which is used to balance the electromagnetic forces produced by the current when it is passed through the coils. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > measurement of force > instrument for rheometer1839 thermo-electrometer1842 ammeter1882 Kelvin balance1892 milliammeter1902 bell-rheometer- 1890 Science 17 Jan. 43/1 A current of known value, as measured by the Thomson balance, was allowed to pass through it.] 1892 Electr. Engineer 25 Nov. 543/2 Any other instruments..were standardised and referred to the above mentioned Kelvin balance, which was one specially constructed for alternating-current measurement. 1933 E. W. Golding Electr. Measurem. ii. 14 Kelvin balances are manufactured with ten different ranges up to 2,500 amp. 2004 World Patent Information 26 316/2 A standard 1 A Kelvin balance was made for the Board of Trade Electrical Standards Laboratory. c. Kelvin double bridge n. (also Kelvin bridge) a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used for measuring low resistances, having in addition to the unknown resistor two pairs of variable ratio resistors and an adjustable standard resistor. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > instrument used in measuring > in form of bridge bridge1865 Wheatstone bridge1865 wire bridge1880 post-office bridge1890 post office box1894 Kelvin double bridge1896 Maxwell bridge1907 1885 Science 20 Nov. 447/2 We notice, among others..Siemens's modification of Thomson's bridge for measurements of low resistance.] 1896 Proc. Physical Soc. 14 166 A convenient method for determining low resistances, such as..a Kelvin bridge. 1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 119 The current leads of standard resistances intended for measurement on the Kelvin double bridge should have a resistance not greater than the standard itself. 1967 H. Cotton Adv. Electr. Technol. iii. 92 Calculate the current flowing in the galvanometer of the Kelvin double-bridge circuit. 2004 M. M. S. Anand Electronic Instruments v. 180 Wheatstone bridge and Kelvin bridge are the basic dc bridges. 4. a. Kelvin scale n. (also Kelvin temperature scale, Kelvin thermodynamic scale) an absolute scale of temperature in which zero is identified with absolute zero and kelvins are the units of measurement; cf. sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales Fahrenheit thermometer1732 Fahrenheit scale1740 Fahrenheit1754 Réaumur scale1764 Celsius thermometer1781 Réaumur1785 Celsius1790 Celsius scale1790 R1806 Wedgwood1807 centigrade1812 absolute temperature scale1886 Kelvin scale1908 Rankine scale1931 Rankine temperature1938 1871 J. C. Maxwell Theory of Heat viii. 155 (heading) Thomson's absolute scale of temperature.] 1908 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 176 421 The derivation of the Kelvin thermodynamic scale from the expansion of nitrogen. 1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics ix. 140 Two temperatures on the Kelvin scale are to each other as the heats absorbed and rejected respectively by a Carnot engine operating between reservoirs at these temperatures. 1962 Units & Standards of Measurement National Physical Lab.: Temperature 3 The thermodynamic Kelvin scale..is recognized as the fundamental scale to which all temperature measurements should ultimately be referred. 2005 W. C. Whitman et al. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Technol. (ed. 5) i. 4 The Fahrenheit absolute scale is called the Rankine scale..and the Celsius absolute scale is known as the Kelvin scale. b. Kelvin temperature n. a temperature on the Kelvin scale.Quot. 1920 shows the graphic abbreviation Kelvin temp (cf. temp n.¹). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > based on absolute zero absolute temperature1849 Kelvin temperature1920 1920 Chem. Abstr. 14 3350 The heat transfer..is given by the formula log log T₁/t − log log T₂/t = Mx, where T₁ and T₂ are Kelvin temps. 1930 U.S. Patent 1,771,343 4/2 Another method consists in bringing the material..to a Kelvin temperature which will assure the presence of adequate radiation wave-lengths. 1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiii. 232 The isothermal compressibility of copper is plotted against the Kelvin temperature in Fig. 72. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. ix. 355 The best superalloys now operate successfully at a Kelvin temperature which is as much as 85% of the melting temperature. c. Kelvin degree n. = sense A. 2. Symbol °K. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific Fahrenheit degree1841 Celsius degree1847 Kelvin degree1941 millidegree1951 microdegree1957 Rankine degree1963 Kelvin1968 1941 Temperature (Amer. Inst. Physics) 11 When using the Thermodynamic Centigrade Scale one is simply expressing the number of Kelvin degrees that a particular thermal state is above or below the ice point. 1963 T. D. Eastop & A. McConkey Appl. Thermodynamics i. 8 1 Kelvin degree is equivalent to 1·8 Rankine degree. 2001 N. Brown Hist. & Climate Change vi. 149 One might presume that, within conditions as severe as those bound to obtain around the Greenland settlements, variation of a kelvin degree or two in mean temperature would affect human prospects little. 5. Meteorology and Oceanography. Kelvin wave n. a type of long, non-dispersive gravity wave in the ocean or atmosphere which is trapped against a physical boundary such as a coastline or mountain range; spec. such a wave forced to travel along the equator by forces resulting from the rotation of the earth.As a result of the earth's Coriolis force, Kelvin waves travel anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Equatorial Kelvin waves only flow eastwards and are associated with the onset of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > other way1578 wake1753 clean, clear breach1867 feather-spray1867 south-western1872 bow-wave1877 gravity wave1877 blind roller1888 gravitational wave1899 Kelvin wave1922 rooster tail1934 slide1935 bow shock1938 beacher1956 1922 Proc. London Math. Soc. 20 149 In the case of..the Irish Sea observations point to the existence of two Kelvin waves, one inward and the other outward bound. 1963 C. A. M. King Introd. Oceanogr. v. 168 A Kelvin Wave..is found in the English Channel..in situations in which much of the energy of a progressive wave is lost. 1975 Jrnl. Physical Oceanogr. 5 578/2 I wish to propose a new theory and explanation for the development of El Niño... This may happen in the form of an internal equatorial Kelvin wave. 2002 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 15 Mar. 8 At the equator a combination of winds and the earth's rotation combine to produce Kelvin waves. B. adj. As a postmodifier. Of a thermometric degree or specified number of degrees: measured on the Kelvin scale. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [adjective] > specific scales centesimal1635 centigrade1799 Réaumur1799 Fahrenheit1807 cent.1809 Celsius1878 Kelvin1911 Rankine1933 1911 Physical Rev. 33 220 The writer has assumed that the degree Kelvin and the degree centigrade were equal. 1930 Engineering 9 May 595/3 A perfect gas of one free electron per atom would necessarily contribute three calories per gram-atom per degree Kelvin to the specific heat of the metal. 1953 R. A. Heinlein Starman Jones xv. 202 Bolometric readings showed the star to have a surface temperature slightly over 6000° Kelvin. 1973 Sci. Amer. Aug. 84/3 Liquid hydrogen..must be stored at an extremely low temperature (22 degrees Kelvin, or 22 degrees Celsius above absolute zero). 1998 Nature 15 Oct. 626/3 On applying magnetic fields of up to 30 tesla to a sample cooled to about a tenth of a degree kelvin, they observed jumps in conductance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1892
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