associationn.
/əˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃn/, /əˌsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/, /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ 1.
a. The action of combining together for a common purpose; the condition of such combination; confederation, league.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun]
onehead1340
alliance?a1400
union?a1425
union?1435
allya1445
alliage1450
allyc1450
association1535
sociation1579
combination1593
confederacy1594
adhesion1614
coalescency1645
togetherness1656
compendance1658
junction1783
affiliation1791
confederateship1837
allyship1849
solidification1891
togetherhood1896
we-ness1920
us-ness1927
1535 Bp. Winchester in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxv. 160 Me seemeth the word association soundeth not well.
1584 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 84 To the better corroboration of this our loyall bond and association.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 48 in Justice Vindicated A solemn oath of association for the restoring of it.
1746 T. Smollett Reproof 53 Engag'd in firm association, stood, Their lives devoted to the public good.
1856 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 474 Association will be the next form of industrial development.
b. deed of association n. the specific document setting forth the particulars of a proposed ‘limited liability company.’ articles of association: see article n. Phrases 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document setting up a company
deed of association1866
society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > records, reports, or documents
bookc1405
memoir1571
transfer-book1694
order book1771
job note1803
log1861
deed of association1866
logbook1869
job sheet1919
kanban1977
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking ii. 43 On its being proposed to start a banking company on the ‘limited liability’ principle..at least seven persons must sign a deed of association.
2. A body of persons who have combined to execute a common purpose or advance a common cause; the whole organization which they form to effect their purpose; a society; e.g. the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Football Association, the Church Association, the Civil Service Supply Association.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [noun]
fellowshipa1400
society1548
borrow1581
combination1597
guild1630
sodality1633
associationa1658
band-society1742
organization1793
Assn.1859
soc.1890
teleocracy1921
org1936
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > group associated for common purpose
covinc1330
lyancec1380
university?1473
army1540
band1557
union1603
coalescence1609
confederation1621
associationa1658
confederacy1681
federation1791
brigade1806
united front1807
class movement1839
company1839
paction1877
combine1889
protest movement1898
protest group1920
minority movement1923
we1926
power1966
a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 117 Many Sects twisted into an Association.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vi. 220 If land was owned and cultivated by associations of labourers.
1879 (title) Report of the Somersetshire Association of Congregational Churches.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document setting forth common purpose
association1586
1586 Lett. to E. Leycester 18 Your oth made in the association.
1682 London Gaz. No. 1714/6 That Seditious Paper, the Association, lately found in the Earl of Shaftsbury's Closet.
1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 185 Three men who had forged an association.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 251 Dropping the Association into a flowerpot.
4. Union in companionship on terms of social equality; fellowship, intimacy.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun]
ymonec888
i-mennessec1050
meanc1175
ferredc1200
fellowshipa1225
fellowredc1230
sameningc1230
companyc1275
monec1300
conversationc1340
meanness1340
affinity?c1400
companyingc1443
compernagea1500
frequentation?1520
society1529
convoying1543
companionship1548
companyship1548
combining1552
haunt1552
community1570
unition1584
consociation1593
companionry1595
sodality1602
conversinga1610
converse1610
consorting1611
consociety1624
consociating1625
togetherness1656
association1659
consortiona1682
sociality1758
mixture1764
junction1783
consortation1796
conversancy1798
mingling1819
companionage1838
boon companionship1844
mateship1849
1659 R. Boyle Some Motives & Incentives to Love of God iii. 34 Thus self-deniall is a kind of holy association with God.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas IV. xii. vi. 202 The nobility would be profaned by my association.
1872 J. L. Sanford Estimates Eng. Kings 330 He had become habituated to..grossness and immorality in his daily associations.
5.
a. The action of conjoining or uniting one person or thing with another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > joining together
conjoiningc1386
joining1398
knittinga1420
accession1570
joindera1616
assemblage1728
annexation1765
association1775
1775 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad., 1774 14 The spark, without the association of more, would have died away.
b. Chemistry. The aggregation of molecules to form a loosely-bound complex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > aggregate > [noun] > aggregation
association1895
1895 Bull. Philos. Soc. Washington 12 158 They behave as simple oxide molecules, capable of arranging themselves in different associations according to physical circumstances.
1904 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 167 427 (title) Molecular weights of liquids, with a few words about association.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 553/1 Molecular association, the relatively loose binding together of the molecules of a liquid or vapour in groups of two or more.
6. Law. The appointment of additional legal officials to act as colleagues on any occasion; the writ appointing them. (Cf. associate adj. 3.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > appointment of additional officials
associationa1625
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other types of writ
utrumc1290
quo warrantoa1325
writ of right closea1325
writ of oyer and terminer1414
writ of right1414
quare impedit?a1424
prohibition?1435
praecipec1440
supplicavita1450
replevy1451
ouster-le-main1485
praecipe in capitec1523
value1527
inhibition1532
rehabilitation1533
melius inquirendum1549
ne exeat regnum1559
quo minus1592
letters (or writ) of supplementc1600
inhibition1603
fair pleading1607
ingressu1607
ne exeat regno1607
account1622
associationa1625
ship-writ1640
cessavit1641
ne exeat1644
devastavit1651
right close1651
writ of second deliverance1652
fair pleader1655
beaupleader1700
proclamation writ1713
writ of inquiry1809
writ of intendence and respondence1881
a1625 H. Finch Law (1627) iv. xx. 319 Association is a writ for other to be associate into their company, as fellow Iustices together with them.
1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) The King may make an association unto the sheriff upon a writ of re disseisin.
7.
a. The mental connection between an object and ideas that have some relation to it (e.g. of similarity, contrariety, contiguity, causation). phr. association of ideas.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of ideas > association of ideas > [noun]
suggestion1605
association1700
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] > system of > connection
connection1651
association1700
combination1700
connectedness1886
1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxxiii. 222 That there are such Associations of them [sc. ideas] made by Custom in the Minds of most Men, I think no Body will question.
1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxxiii. 221 (heading) Of the Association of Ideas.
1759 J. Adams in Wks. (1850) II. 68 The principle in nature is imitation, association of ideas, and contracting habits.
1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 149 Words being arbitrary must owe their powers to association, and have the influence, and that only, which custom has given them.
1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) Introd. ii. 58 The simple act of seizing food implies..the mental association of the appearance of the food with the satisfying of the feeling [of hunger].
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiv. 555 Association occurs as amply between impressions of different senses as between homogeneous sensations.
1894 G. T. Ladd Psychol. xiii. 264 The very limited nature of the application of the so-called laws of the association of ideas to the entire mental life.
1905 E. B. Titchener Exper. Psychol. II. i. 192 We show him a word; he is to react when the word has suggested something, no matter what. The word sea may arouse the idea of land or water or ships or some particular sea or some particular incident at sea,—anything it likes. Associations of this sort are termed, technically, free associations.
1938 R. S. Woodworth Exper. Psychol. xv. 340 In free association the laws of association are supposed to have full sway.
1958 H. M. Hayward & M. Harari tr. B. Pasternak Dr. Zhivago ii. ix. 262 Through an unaccountable association of ideas started by the sight of the real town outside the window..Yury remembered the distant panorama of the town.
b. Psychology. laws of association, see quot. 18972; mediate association, association by unconscious or unnoticed intermediaries; simultaneous, successive association, forms of association of ideas in which the process of connection is simultaneous or falls into two stages. Also attributive, as association philosophy, association psychology, association test, association theory, association time.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of ideas > association of ideas > [noun] > types of association
laws of association1820
1820 T. Brown Lect. Philos. Human Mind II. xl. 346 The other supposition..ascribes our trains of ideas to associations previous to the suggestion itself,—to laws of association in short, in the sense in which that phrase is distinguishable from laws of suggestion.
1833 J. S. Mill in Monthly Repository 7 663 The association-philosophy as taught by Hartley.
a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. xxx. 122 Our Cognitions, Feelings, and Desires are connected together by what are called the Laws of Association.
1864 J. S. Mill Let. 3 Apr. in D. Duncan Life & Lett. H. Spencer (1908) 115 You and Bain..have succeeded in affiliating the conscious operations of mind to the primary unconscious organic actions of the nerves, thus filling up the most serious lacuna..in the association psychology.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiv. 558 The difference [between the apperception-time and the reaction-time], called by Wundt the association-time, amounted, in the same four persons, to 706, 723, 752, and 874 thousandths of a second respectively.
1897 C. H. Judd tr. W. M. Wundt Outl. Psychol. 13 Intellectualistic psychology has in the course of its development separated into two trends... The logical theory... The association-theory.
1897 C. H. Judd tr. W. M. Wundt Outl. Psychol. 225 The following forms were discriminated: association by similarity and contrast, and association by simultaneity and succession. These class-concepts gained by a logical dichotomic process were dignified with the name ‘laws of associations’.
1924 J. Riviere et al. tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers II. 13 Association test.
1938 [see sense 7a]. 1959 Listener 29 Oct. 722/2 He [sc. Jung] used what were called association tests... The subject of the experiment was given a number of stimulus words and asked to react with another word or phrase to each.
8. An idea or recollection linked in the mind or memory with some object of contemplation, and recalled to the mind in connection with it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of ideas > association of ideas > [noun] > connected idea
associate1700
association1809
1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 10 Aug. 45 Why should..the holiest words with all their venerable associations be profaned.
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. ii. 14 A man could have no pleasant associations with a place unless he had made money there.
1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. 62 One association of profound melancholy clings to that great debate.
9. Physiology. Used attributively, as association area, association centre, association field, association link, association path, association sphere, of those portions of the cortex of the brain which connect the sensory and motor areas, and are supposed to be concerned with ideation, etc.; association fibres (in Funk's Stand. Dict. 1900), nerve fibres connecting different areas of the brain cortex, as distinguished from the commissural fibres; so association organ, association system.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > [adjective] > specific
sympathetic1771
sympathic1836
association area1880
autonomic1898
parasympathetic1905
autonomous1908
thoracolumbar1918
sympathico-adrenal1928
neuroeffector1935
sympatho-adrenal1965
1880 H. C. Bastian Brain xxiii. 452 The connecting, or, as Meynert terms them, the ‘association system’ of fibres of the Brain.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xviii. 75 During waking hours every centre communicates with others by association-paths.
1901 W. H. Allchin Man. Med. III. Physiol., Introd. 31 A portion of the ‘association’ field of the cortex.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 742/1 The areas of intervening cortex, arriving at structural completion later than the..sense-spheres, are called by some association-spheres.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xvi. 427 Other alienists..have explained ‘paranoiac’ conditions by a laming of the association-organ.
1904 J. McCabe tr. E. Haeckel Wonders of Life i. 13 In 1894 Flechsig showed that there are four central sense-regions..in the gray cortex of the brain, and four thought-centres (‘association-centres’, or phroneta).
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Association area.
1932 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 23 22 These lesions [of brain tissue] represented interference with association links.
1952 Sci. News 23 63 Histologically, we recognize in the so-called association areas [of the brain] the structures responsible for linking sensory stimuli with motor response.
10. A personal connection or link; esp. attributive in association book, association copy, a volume showing some mark of personal connection with the author or a former owner (of note).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > between persons, communities, etc.
relationc1485
correspondency1588
intelligence1597
correspondence1599
necessitude1612
correlation1649
connection1768
belongingness1854
association1882
intercommunalism1971
society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > book having connection with someone
allusion book1874
association copy1882
1882 Gentleman's Mag. 252 92 Speaking of books with an association reminds us of that most destructive craze of the present day, the collection of book-plates.
1901 Munsey's Mag. Oct. 80/1 His remarkable collection of ‘Association Books’.
1912 Times (Weekly ed.) 7 June 444 The collection is chiefly remarkable for what are termed in America ‘association books’.
1914 W. M. Murphy's Catal. Bks. 19 Jan. 5 Association Copy.
1918 Times 21 Feb. 3/3 It is very rich..in what Americans call ‘association books’, such as the copy of ‘Vanity Fair’ which Thackeray sent to Charlotte Brontë.
1928 Notes & Queries 12 May 341/2 Presented by Sir Walter Scott to Lydia White in 1808—double association of good interest.
11. Applied to the game of football played according to the rules of the Football Association formed in 1863, as distinguished from the Rugby game. (Cf. soccer n.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun]
football1863
association1867
soccer1885
footy1900
the beautiful game1977
1867 Routledge's Handbk. Football 53 Football Association Rules.
1873 Football Annual 16 To play with the feet is the main object of Association Football. Hands should not, and must not be used.
1874 Elizabethan I. No. 4 25 Westminster and Charterhouse profess to play the strict Association game.
1880 Times 12 Nov. 4/4 The Association game [of football] is, perhaps..more scientific.
1885 M. Shearman & J. E. Vincent Football 30 In the Association game no collaring, and therefore no running with the ball, is allowed.
1885 M. Shearman & J. E. Vincent Football 45 Before the days of the Rugby Union and Association rules.
1885 M. Shearman & J. E. Vincent Football 53 The ball..is several ounces heavier than an Association ball.
1920 K. R. G. Hunt (title) Association football.
12. Ecology. A group of associated plants within a formation (see formation n. 5b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > community or association
society1896
formation1898
association1900
associes1916
socies1916
alliance1930
phytocoenosis1930
sociation1930
1807 A. von Humboldt Ess. sur la Géogr. des Plantes 13 La Géographie des plantes..c'est cette science qui considère les végétaux sous les rapports de leur association locale dans les différens climats.]
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 25/2 Plant Associations.
1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants xxxv. 145 An association is a community of definite floristic composition within a formation.
1911 A. G. Tansley Types Brit. Vegetation 10 Thus each of the types of vegetation, woodland, scrub and grassland, within a given formation, is a plant-association.
1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession vi. 128 The association as usually understood becomes what is here termed the consociation, in so far as it is a climax community. This is the association with a single dominant.
1918 G. E. Nichols in Trans. Connecticut Acad. XXII. 275 In any unit area where more than one association is represented, the associations, taken collectively, constitute an association complex.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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