junkn.¹adj.

Brit.

/dʒʌŋk/, U.S.

/dʒəŋk/

Forms: Middle English joncke, Middle English jonke, Middle English jounke, Middle English joynk, Middle English– junk, 1500s ionk (Scottish), 1500s iuncke, 1500s–1700s junck, 1600s iunke, 1600s junke.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: junk n.²

Etymology: Origin uncertain, perhaps the same word as junk n.² (although this is first attested slightly later), but the semantic connection is not entirely clear: perhaps originally with reference to rope made from rushes or similar coarse plant fibre. Perhaps compare post-classical Latin jonchus , (in a source from Genoa also) xunchus (both 13th cent.), Italian †gionco (1614), all apparently denoting lifts or similar ropes supporting the yard of a sail. In sense A. 2 perhaps influenced by chunk n.¹

A. n.¹

†1. Originally and chiefly Nautical.

a. An old or inferior cable or rope; (sometimes) spec. one used as a fender. Frequently modified by old. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope collective or as material > old or inferior

junk1410

1410–12 in N. H. Nicolas Hist. Royal Navy (1847) II. 475 La hulk..ove lapparaill..v. ankres dont un de eux est unstokked, un junk, [etc.].

1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 49 Hausers grete and small, iij. Jonkes, iiij.

1586 Edinb. Test. XV. f. 549^v in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Jonk The..ankeris, saillis, mastis, kabillis, bewaris & ionkis qubilk war recoverit of the flie boitt.

1600 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 108 The straines of one of our cables were broken, and we only roade by an old iunke.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xliiii. 104 Peeces of a Iunke or Rope, chopped very small.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 16 Cables, hawsers or streame cables..when that way vnseruiceable, they serue for Iunkes, fendors and braded plackets for brests of defence.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vii. 30 Fenders are peeces of old Hawsers called Iunkes.

1772 C. Newland in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 86 You may make your ship fast with any old junk.

b. A piece of old cable or rope, used esp. for making fenders. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > fender

junk1528

puddinga1625

fender1626

fend1658

fend-bolt1678

bongrace1685

skid1743

pudding fender1883

sausage1968

1528 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) (modernized text) IV. ii. 2227 Old junkys of cabils for cringils for cressets.

1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya iii. 14 They..strengthned the sides of their Ships with iunckes of cables, beds, Mastes, planckes, and such like.

1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services iv. 195 Adm. What is..a Boun-grace? Capt. It is a certain Frame or Composition of old Ropes or Juncks of Cables, which is used to be laid out at the Bows, Stems and Sides of Ships, to preserve them from great Flakes of Ice.

c. As a mass noun: old cable or rope material, cut up into short lengths and used for making fenders, reefpoints, gaskets, oakum, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope collective or as material > old or inferior > cut up into small pieces

junk?1660

?1660 Indenture between Kings Majesty & Master-gunner (single sheet) Tarr'd Rope for..Junck.

1666 S. Pepys Diary 14 July (1972) VII. 206 Four or five Tons of Corke to send..to the fleet; being a new device to make Barrecados with, instead of Junke.

1704 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1868) II. 440 Ordered, that Mr. Treasurer, provide..Junk for Wadding, Tar, Blacking &c. for the great Guns.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ii. 133 We had not enough junk to make spurn-yarn [= spun-yarn].

1803 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1941) III. 270 The Ships company employed working up Junk and restowing the Warranted Officers store rooms.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 2 The steerage..was filled with coils of rigging, spare sails, old junk, and ship stores.

1877 W. H. Thomson Five Years' Penal Servitude i. 46 Every morning the quantum of ‘junk’ was served out, and in the evening the taskmaster came round..to take each man's oakum.

1913 Waste Trade Jrnl. 4 Oct. 3/1 All of the following materials are free of duty:..cotton waste or flocks, hide cuttings, hair, scrap iron and steel, old junk, oakum, paper stock.

2. A piece or lump of something; a chunk, a hunk. Also figurative. In later use chiefly regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > large or thick piece

luncheon1580

lunch1591

chuck1674

chunk1691

junt1718

daud1721

junk1726

hunch1790

hunk1809

dunt1813

knoll1829

nugget1853

slug1867

1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 155 I..gave to each of them a short Junk of Pipe.

1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 41 (note) The stem [of Cassara] is knotty, and, being cut into small junks and planted, young sprouts shoot up from each knob.

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. i. 11 A large knot in his cheek from a junk of tobacco therein stowed.

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter II. xiv. 305 The huge junk of single Gloucester.

1952 Caribbean Q. 2 31 Its [sc. the plantain's] succulent stems, cut into junks and stowed in great bundles below the mizzen chains, served as fodder for the animals.

1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin iv. 39 Large junks of beef were boiled or roasted in very large pots.

2017 @shortsteph2 12 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) I just paid a big junk of my school debt, I can't wait to go back. It's time.

3. Originally and chiefly Nautical. More fully salt junk. Salt meat, esp. as used as food on long sea voyages. Formerly also in †old junk, †tough junk. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > salted meat

Martinmas meatc1450

Martinmas beefc1475

powder beef1479

Martinmas flesh1656

Irish horse1748

bully1753

junk1762

salt junk1792

salt horse1836

red horse1864

hunter's beef1879

bullamacow1887

Jack1890

macon1939

1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves II. xiii. 9 Your mistress Aurelia, whom I value no more than old junk, pork-slush, or stinking stockfish.

1792 M. Cutler Let. 5 Mar. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 486 I had infinitely rather sit down with you to a piece of salt junk at one o'clock than be tormented with the parade..of Philadelphia entertainments.

1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome 78 They dined on Junk and Cheese.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. x. v. 646 Stedfastly eating tough junk with a wetting of rum.

1896 Boys of Eng. 25 Sept. (Boys Prince Novelettes Suppl.) 3/1 The half-hour occupied in eating their junk and biscuit.

1902 H. Lawson Children of Bush 291 The men who made Australia live on damper junk and tea.

2016 Grimsby Tel. 14 Nov. 31/2 ‘I just went to get some salt meat out of the first cask on the boat deck and it's gone.’.. ‘There's plenty of fish in the sea to make up for it. After all it's only salt junk we've lost.’

4. Whaling. The lump or mass of thick fatty tissue lying below the main spermaceti organ in the snout of a sperm whale, broad at the front and tapering towards the rear.The junk is homologous to the melon (melon n.¹ 3) of other toothed whales, and contains oily wax (spermaceti) between partitions of connective tissue. It is involved in focusing and amplifying the animal's acoustic signals, and may also regulate buoyancy and protect the head against impact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Physeteridae > genus Physeter (sperm whale) > parts of > part producing spermaceti

junk1833

1833 W. Bowers Naval Adventures I. iv. 82 This [sc. the head] is divided into two pieces, the upper part or ‘junk’ a mass of soft blubber; the other is called the case, in the centre of which is found a complete well, filled with the clearest spermaceti.

1916 R. C. Andrews Whale Hunting with Gun & Camera xix. 229 (caption) The junk is a mass of cellular tissue which also contains spermaceti.

2016 PeerJ 4 1895 The function of the spermaceti organ and the junk in adding directionality and amplitude to sonar clicks is relatively well studied and accepted.

a. Old or discarded items or materials that may be reused or recycled, such as used clothing, bottles, scrap metal, worn-out machinery, etc.; (sometimes simply) waste, refuse, rubbish.Originally as an extended use of sense A. 1c.See also junk dealer n. at Compounds 2, junk shop n., junk store n., etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun]

wrakea1350

outcastingc1350

rammel1370

rubble1376

mullockc1390

refusec1390

filtha1398

outcasta1398

chaff?a1400

rubbishc1400

wastec1430

drossc1440

raff?1440

rascal1440

murgeonc1450

wrack1472

gear1489

garblec1503

scowl1538

raffle1543

baggage1549

garbage1549

peltry1550

gubbins?1553

lastage1553

scruff1559

retraict1575

ross1577

riddings1584

ket1586

scouring1588

pelf1589

offal1598

rummage1598

dog's meat1606

retriment1615

spitling1620

recrement1622

mundungus1637

sordes1640

muskings1649

rejectament1654

offscouring1655

brat1656

relicts1687

offage1727

litter1730

rejectamenta1795

outwale1825

detritus1834

junk1836

wastements1843

croke1847–78

sculch1847

debris1851

rumble1854

flotsam1861

jetsam1861

pelt1880

offcasting1893

rubbishry1894

littering1897

muckings1898

wastage1898

dreck1905

bruck1929

crap1934

garbo1953

clobber1965

dooky1965

grot1971

tippings-

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless

hawc1000

turdc1275

fille1297

dusta1300

lead1303

skitc1330

naught1340

vanityc1340

wrakea1350

rushc1350

dirt1357

fly's wing1377

goose-wing1377

fartc1390

chaff?a1400

nutshella1400

shalec1400

yardc1400

wrack1472

pelfrya1529

trasha1529

dreg1531

trish-trash1542

alchemy1547

beggary?1548

rubbish1548

pelfa1555

chip1556

stark naught1562

paltry?1566

rubbish1566

riff-raff1570

bran1574

baggage1579

nihil1579

trush-trash1582

stubblea1591

tartar1590

garbage1592

bag of winda1599

a cracked or slit groat1600

kitchen stuff1600

tilta1603

nothing?1608

bauble1609

countera1616

a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620

buttermilk1630

dross1632

paltrement1641

cattle1643

bagatelle1647

nothingness1652

brimborion1653

stuff1670

flap-dragon1700

mud1706

caput mortuuma1711

snuff1778

twaddle1786

powder-post1790

traffic1828

junk1836

duffer1852

shice1859

punk1869

hogwash1870

cagmag1875

shit1890

tosh1892

tripe1895

dreck1905

schlock1906

cannon fodder1917

shite1928

skunk1929

crut1937

chickenshit1938

crud1943

Mickey Mouse1958

gick1959

garbo1978

turd1978

pants1994

1836 Earl of Liverpool Acct. Operation Poor Law Amendm. Uckfield Union 17 We have expended but a very small sum in building..and about the same sum for additional furniture, clothing, stationery, junk, &c.

1845 By-laws & Ordinances N.Y. lxxiii. 526 No person shall draw or drive..any hand-cart..for the purpose of collecting junk, rags, old rope, old iron, [etc.].

1884 H. Frederic in Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 11/1 Many..[shops] devoted to the sale of rags, and the sweepings of a city, bones, junk—a collection of pestilence-breeding filth.

1952 R. Finlayson Schooner came to Atia 112 The boat was found battered to junk in a pool.

1974 Woman 4 May 5/1 Collecting junk for creative work is a way of life at school.

2010 L. Erdrich Shadow Tag 234 The house had suddenly gone feral. Junk was everywhere. Trash. Recycling. Bins of old bottles.

b. colloquial. Any objects, possessions, etc., which are considered to be of little or no use or value, or which make a place cluttered. Also in neutral sense: (with possessive) personal belongings.

ΚΠ

1907 Weekly Irish Times 20 July 6/2 You didn't buy all that junk that you didn't want, did you.

1925 W. Faulkner Let. 6 July in Thinking of Home (1992) 213 I am the best packer in the world: I have all my junk in a suit-case and a kit bag.

1935 A. Christie Death in Clouds xi. 118 I have my collection..that all connoisseurs know—and also I have—well, frankly, Messieurs, let us call it junk!

1997 G. H. Holthaus Wide Skies 73 After the meeting I throw all my junk together, pack the van, and check out.

2018 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 24 Nov. r6 He didn't believe in..basements, garages and closets: They only encouraged residents to accumulate useless junk.

a. Chiefly U.S. (originally Criminals' slang). Jewellery made from inexpensive materials or artificial gemstones. Cf. junk jewellery n. at Compounds 2.In later use perhaps simply a contextual use of sense A. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > imitation

doublet1449

St. Martin's beads1616

triplet1877

snide1885

junk1904

costume jewellery1907

slum1914

junk jewellery1920

1904 ‘No. 1500’ Life in Sing Sing 249/2 Junk, plated jewelry.

1938 Commentator Jan. 50/2 The jewelry trade agrees with the fashion forecasters that ‘junk’ is here to stay.

1995 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 Feb. Bey owns countless necklaces, most of them ‘junk’ inherited from her mother who used to ‘hunt for costume jewelry’.

b. U.S. Criminals' slang. Jewellery. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun]

jewelleryc1400

pierreriea1450

usker1536

lapidary1609

bijouterie1815

junk1911

tomfoolery1930

tom1955

1911 G. Bronson-Howard Enemy to Society iv. 77 Of course we can't get rid of the junk for six months.

1922 N.Y. Times 4 June vi. 7/3 For years jewelry was ‘junk’ to a burglar or a pickpocket.

1952 C. Hamilton Men of Underworld 323 Gloss. Junk, jewelry or imitation jewelry.

7. Originally and chiefly U.S. Worthless or absurd ideas, talk, writing, etc.; nonsense. Cf. rubbish n. 3a.In quot. 1906: meaningless ritual.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > [noun]

magged talea1387

moonshine1468

trumperyc1485

foolishness1531

trash1542

baggage1545

flim-flam1570

gear1570

rubbisha1576

fiddle-faddle1577

stuff1579

fible-fable1581

balductum1593

pill1608

nonsense1612

skimble-skamble1619

porridge1642

mataeology1656

fiddle-come-faddle1663

apple sauce1672

balderdash1674

flummery1749

slang1762

all my eye1763

diddle-daddle1778

(all) my eye (and) Betty Martin1781

twaddle1782

blancmange1790

fudge1791

twiddle-twaddle1798

bothering1803

fee-faw-fum1811

slip-slop1811

nash-gab1816

flitter-tripe1822

effutiation1823

bladderdash1826

ráiméis1828

fiddlededee1843

pickles1846

rot1846

kelter1847

bosh1850

flummadiddle1850

poppycock1852

Barnum1856

fribble-frabble1859

kibosh1860

skittle1864

cod1866

Collyweston1867

punk1869

slush1869

stupidness1873

bilge-water1878

flapdoodle1878

tommyrot1880

ruck1882

piffle1884

flamdoodle1888

razzmatazz1888

balls1889

pop1890

narrischkeit1892

tosh1892

footle1894

tripe1895

crap1898

bunk1900

junk1906

quatsch1907

bilge1908

B.S.1912

bellywash1913

jazz1913

wash1913

bullshit?1915

kid-stakes1916

hokum1917

bollock1919

bullsh1919

bushwa1920

noise1920

bish-bosh1922

malarkey1923

posh1923

hooey1924

shit1924

heifer dust1927

madam1927

baloney1928

horse feathers1928

phonus-bolonus1929

rhubarb1929

spinach1929

toffeea1930

tomtit1930

hockey1931

phoney baloney1933

moody1934

cockalorum1936

cock1937

mess1937

waffle1937

berley1941

bull dust1943

crud1943

globaloney1943

hubba-hubba1944

pish1944

phooey1946

asswipe1947

chickenshit1947

slag1948

batshit1950

goop1950

slop1952

cack1954

doo-doo1954

cobbler1955

horse shit1955

nyamps1955

pony1956

horse manure1957

waffling1958

bird shit1959

codswallop1959

how's your father1959

dog shit1963

cods1965

shmegegge1968

pucky1970

taradiddle1970

mouthwash1971

wank1974

gobshite1977

mince1985

toss1990

arse1993

1906 H. Green At Actors' Boarding House 48 We're just in time to see this heathen at some of his tricks... It's some junk his folks always done.

1933 W. R. Burnett Dark Hazard iii. (contin.) i. 268 That was the trouble with all the stories he had ever read; they weren't true... Why read a lot of junk that wasn't even true?

1989 T. Berger Changing Past iv. 244 You don't talk that headshrinker junk.

2010 J. Gabrick Step by Step Innovation 43 Most of the ideas were considered junk.

8. slang (originally U.S.). Any of various intoxicating or narcotic drugs, esp. heroin; such drugs collectively. Cf. junkie n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s)

opiate?a1425

dope1886

hop1887

Peter1899

quill1916

junk1921

narcotic1926

stuff1929

mojo1935

sugar1935

gear1954

narco1954

sauce1975

opie1992

Scooby Snack1996

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > morphine, cocaine, or heroin > heroin

heroin1898

junk1921

dynamite1924

schmeck1932

smack1942

horse1950

gear1954

boy1955

sugar1956

chiva1964

scag1967

hoss1968

scat1970

P-funk1982

black tar1983

1921 Variety 21 Oct. 7/3 We found out later that he was a pipe fiend... He would get a skin full of junk and tell everybody he met to drop him quick.

1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie xii. 119 Lupita got her start with one gram of junk and built up from there to a monopoly of the junk business in Mexico City.

1960 J. Gelber Connection i. 25 You cats ought to smoke pot instead of using junk. It would make you more agreeable.

2006 H. O'Neill Lullabies for Little Criminals 125 Selling quilts had apparently turned Lester's life around and was helping him stay off junk.

9. Baseball. Pitches that rely on unpredictable movement rather than speed, such as breaking balls and knuckleballs. Cf. junkball n.Also in softball.Recorded earliest in attributive use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching > types of pitch

change of pace1650

slow ball1838

passed ball1860

ball1863

rib roaster1864

called ball1865

low ball1866

wild pitch1867

curveball1875

short pitch1877

grass cutter1879

fastball1883

downshoot1886

lob ball1888

pitchout1903

bean ballc1905

spitball1905

screwball1908

spitter1908

sinker ball1910

fallaway1912

meatball1912

fireball1913

roundhouse1913

forkball1923

sinker1926

knuckle ball1927

knuckler1928

gofer1932

slider1936

sailer1937

junk1941

change up1942

eephus1943

junkball1944

split-finger(ed) fastball1980

change1982

1941 Washington Post 8 Mar. 14/7 Griffith was pitching his junk stuff to great hitters like Cobb and Crawford and Burkhardt. He'd give 'em everything but a fast ball and make 'em hit it where he wanted.

1942 Washington Post 23 Dec. 26/3 One day I hit him for a homer when he threw me a fast ball... He had me crazy, tossing up a lot of fluttering junk; soft stuff.

1987 S. Fiffer How to watch Baseball vii. 143 Why don't you stop throwing that junk and throw a fastball.

2014 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 17 Apr. I decided to change it up and throw a little junk at them, curveballs, and it threw them off a bit.

10. Originally U.S. Food that appeals to popular taste but has little nutritional value, typically having a high sugar and fat content, and often sold pre-prepared for convenience; = junk food n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > unwholesome or unpalatable food

strange flesha1616

gut-rot1916

junk1948

junk food1952

1948 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 22 Nov. 5 a/2 It is likely that the ‘junk’ she eats instead of food accounts for much or all of her trouble.

1973 Jrnl. Nutrition Educ. Apr. 117/2 Students eat what they..refer to as ‘junk’—French fries, pretzels, chips, ice cream, candy, hot dogs.

1986 P. Theroux O-zone viii. 96 He sat..eating junk, Guppy Cola and jelly sandwiches.

2003 Independent 5 May (Review section) 12/4 Our children are encouraged to eat junk by the skipload, but they're also required to look like Kate Moss.

11. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). The male genitals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun]

genitalsa1393

jewelc1475

tackle1533

virility1598

emblemsa1625

virilities1646

genitalia1651

button1691

wally1698

family jewelsc1920

basket1941

crown jewel1970

lunchbox1972

junk1983

trouser department1985

package1993

1983 E. Mordden in Christopher St. Apr. 17/1 That's when the top man lays you face down on your junk.

2010 Gaz. (Colorado Springs) 20 Nov. a19/1 He..was escorted from the area by police after telling a TSA agent, ‘If you touch my junk, I'm going to have you arrested.’

2015 G. Price On Edge ix. 79 A stubby finger lifted and he pointed at me, then tipped the finger toward his junk.

12. Computing.

a. Unsolicited or unwanted email, typically in the form of advertising or promotional material sent to a large number of recipients. Cf. junk email n. at Compounds 2, junk mail n. 2.

ΚΠ

1984 Boss letting Email pile Up? in fa.human-nets (Usenet newsgroup) 20 Oct. Earlier this year I was receiving about 200 messages a day, but they were mostly junk from the BandyKin mailing list. I tried to filter the junk out at high speed.

2003 Internet Advisor Nov. 7/2 My spam and junk has been cut in half now. I used to delete and bounce it back but still they came, so now I blacklist the entire domain and it stops them in their tracks.

2014 L. Rayven Bad Romeo 129 I open my laptop and spend a few minutes checking e-mails... I delete the junk and switch to my desktop.

b. A folder in an email system or online user group into which unsolicited or unwanted messages (or messages perceived as such) may be moved or automatically directed; = junk folder n. at Compounds 2. Cf. junk email n. at Compounds 2, junk mail n. 2.

ΚΠ

1986 Re: Starting talk.bizarre in talk.bizarre (Usenet newsgroup) 8 Sept. Oh, great, you sent this out so that we get it about 3 weeks after being flooded by a massive wave of bizarre stuff that all went into junk.

2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 8 Mar. 28 If you regularly receive emails from your energy or telecoms supplier, add its addresses to your ‘safe’ list, so they do not go into your junk mailbox, and check your junk regularly just in case.

2016 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 10 Oct. e1 Well, the e-mail went to junk, but I've added our door lock to my contacts, so from now on it'll be flagged and added to my calendar.

B. adj. (attributive).

Originally U.S. Inferior, worthless, of poor quality. Cf. junky adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]

evil971

lowc1175

poor?c1225

feeblec1275

vilea1300

petty1372

unthende1377

secondary1386

petitc1390

unmeeta1393

illa1400

commonc1400

coarse1424

indigent1426

unlikelyc1450

lesser1464

gross1474

naughty1526

inferior1531

reprobate?1545

slender1577

unlikely1578

puny1579

under1580

wooden1592

sordid1596

puisne1598

provant1601

subministrant1604

inferious1607

sublunary1624

indifferent1638

undermatched1642

unworthy1646

underly1648

turncoated1650

female1652

undergraduate1655

farandinical1675

baddishc1736

ungenerous1745

understrapping1762

tinnified1794

demi-semi1805

shabby1805

dicky1819

poor white1821

tin-pot1838

deterior1848

substandard1850

crumby1859

cheesy1863

po'1866

not-quite1867

rocky1873

mouldy1876

low-grade1878

sketchy1878

midget1879

junky1880

ullaged1892

abysmal1904

bodgie1905

junk1908

crap1936

ropy1941

bodger1945

two-star1951

tripey1955

manky1958

schlocky1960

cack1978

wank1991

bowf1994

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > worthless

naughteOE

unworthc960

nought worthOE

unworthya1240

vaina1300

lewd1362

base?1510

to be nothing toc1520

stark naught1528

nothing worth1535

worthilessa1542

draffish1543

baggage1548

dunghill?1555

valureless1563

toyish1572

worthless1573

out (forth) of door (also doors)1574

leaden1577

riff-raff1577

drafty1582

fecklessc1586

dudgeon?1589

nought-worth1589

tenpenny1592

wanwordy?a1595

shotten herring1598

nugatory1603

unvalued1604

priceless1614

unvaluable1615

valuelessa1616

waste1616

trashya1620

draffy1624

stramineous1624

invaluable1640

roly-poly?1645

nugatorious1646

perquisquilian1647

niffling1649

lazy1671

wanworth1724

little wortha1754

flimsy1756

waff1788

null1790

nothingy1801

nothingly1802

twopenny-halfpenny1809

not worth a flaw1810

garbage1817

peanut1836

duffing1839

trash1843

no-account1845

no-count1851

punky1859

rummagy1872

junky1880

skilligalee1883

footle1894

punk1896

wherry-go-nimble1901

junk1908

rinky-dink1913

schlock1916

tripe1927

duff1938

chickenshit1940

sheg-up1941

expendable1942

(strictly) for the birds1943

tripey1955

schlocky1960

naff1964

dipshit1968

cack1978

1908 Public Service (Chicago) Dec. 171/1 The old junk idea that any person can take in cash..has been tossed on the scrap heap.

1926 Life 2 Dec. A junk play from a junk novel.

1975 Harper's Mag. Feb. 112/1 Children have a better sense of style than adults because they have not yet skimmed over acres of junk writing.

1996 F. Aird Fiberglass & Composite Materials viii. 78/2 Too much heat, or ramping up the temperature too rapidly can produce a completely junk part.

2013 C. Sneed Little Known Facts 13 Will watches entertainment news shows and other junk TV that his sister doesn't have time for.

Phrases

P1. U.S. colloquial. and junk: and so on; and similar things. Cf, and stuff at stuff n.¹ 8d, and shit at shit n. and adj. Phrases 22.

ΚΠ

1940 M. Levin Citizens iii. 196 You just cover their lectures and rallies and junk.

1987 S. Brand Media Lab i. v. 71 When you look at a big projector-TV image, all you see is rainbows and creepy-crawlies and junk.

2019 @EvelBryc 27 Feb. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Look at me being all trans in public and junk.

P2. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). junk in the (also one's) trunk: curvaceousness of the buttocks, esp. regarded as an attractive feature of a woman.

ΚΠ

1992 ‘Duice’ Dazzey Duks (transcribed from song) in Dazzey Duks Baby got back, the junk in the trunk She got a six pack or a hell of a rump.

2001 Essence Nov. 116/2 In movies, rap songs and on television, we're told that the attractive, desirable and sexy ladies are the ones with ‘junk in their trunks’.

2016 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 29 Jan. 3 Curvy Barbie boasts some extra junk in the trunk and even a little paunch in the front, similar to real women.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

a. In sense A. 5, as junk collector, junk heap, junk pile, junk room, etc.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately at Compounds 2. See also junkman n.², junk shop n., junk store n., junkyard n.

ΚΠ

1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 1 May 3/4 The total amount received for granting and renewing licenses during the month was $578 75—junk shops, 5; junk carts, 33 [etc.].

1866 21st Ann. Rep. Prison Assoc. N.Y. 166 The law..has recognized the utility and even the necessity of pawnbroking and junk-dealing.

1880 Harper's Mag. June 67/1 The junk pile in the barn is invaded, and the rusty plough abstracted.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 3/2 Twenty tons of unsold copies of a well-known cheap magazine were sold for waste-paper to junk merchants.

1936 M. Allingham Flowers for Judge xiv. 207 They didn't keep anything valuable there. It's a sort of junk-room.

1959 Times 14 Mar. 8/5 How to evaluate the pieces found in sale rooms, antique shops, and junk stalls.

1973 Guardian 23 Mar. 12/4 In Plymouth once they raided the local junk-heap to supplement the props which they had brought with them.

2015 A. Flourney Turner House 110 He rode in the back of the truck and watched junk collectors traverse Black Bottom.

b. In sense A. 8, as junk addiction, junk habit, junk pusher, etc.

ΚΠ

1927 Washington Post 14 Apr. 16/3 We had a child and it died in twelve days. So died my junk habit. I haven't touched a bit going on one year.

1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie x. 108 You cannot escape from junk-sickness any more than you can escape from junk-kick after a shot.

1964 L. Olay in P. Maher & M. K. Dorr Miles on Miles (2009) 25 Disoriented junk dreams articulated about one-eighth as brilliantly as their authors conceived them.

1970 Times of India 18 Jan. (Mag.) p. v/3 The two seeming ‘baddies’, having been junk pushers to L.A. Hippies, set off on motor cycle.

2013 R. Jacobs Soul Destruction: Unforgivable xxxvii. 184 She couldn't recall divulging her junk addiction, let alone committing to abstain.

C2. Many of the formations below are compounds of the noun, but some (for example junk bond n., junk DNA n., junk science n.) probably show uses of the adjective; both types of formation are treated together here for ease of reference.

junk art n. art made using found and discarded objects and materials.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > constructivism or kineticism > [noun] > construction

stabile1943

construction1944

assemblage1961

junk art1961

junk sculpture1961

1961 Life 24 Nov. 63/2 The origins of junk art go back to some famous..20th Century pioneers, the cubists and dadaists.

1976 Jrnl. Aesthetic Educ. 10 80 We often find junk art aesthetically pleasing... Such is the case, I believe, with Bull's Head.

2001 J. C. Oates Middle Age (2002) 4 I threw my junk-art together with a disdain for how it might better be done.

junk artist n. (a) Baseball a pitcher who specializes in throwing off-speed pitches such as breaking balls and knuckleballs; = junkballer n. at junkball n. Derivatives; (b) a person who creates art using found and discarded objects and materials.

ΚΠ

1954 Washington Post 26 Apr. 19/1 The grandeur of his fast-balling had been lost. The fans don't pay to see the..junk artists.

1959 Grit (Williamsport, Pa.) 9 Aug. 12/3 The 26-year-old junk artist, who also paints and draws, works on scenery for..the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

2006 Irish Times 23 Sept. (Mag.) 21/2 The loose collaboration of maverick inventors, junk artists and amateur philosophers at the Lawrence Street Workshops is unique in Belfast.

2015 J. Klima Game must go On xxi. 299 He couldn't throw hard, but he was a masterful junk artist who could spin the ball, locate whatever he had left on his fastball, and change speeds.

junk bond n. Finance (originally U.S.) a high-yield, high-risk security, typically issued by a company seeking to raise capital quickly in order to finance a takeover.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms

bear1709

bull1714

bearskin1719

trust stock1733

preference stock1845

preferred stock1848

trustee stock1855

short1868

privileged stock1875

future1880

junior stock1914

curb-stocks1915

long1930

junk bond1974

1974 Forbes 1 Apr. 26/2 Typically, junk bonds carry high coupons and are sold at deep discounts when they are first listed.

1989 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks xiii. 335 Use of junk bonds to achieve highly leveraged corporate takeovers.

2014 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 81 501 Six life insurers failed after substantial investment losses, primarily in junk bonds.

junk car n. originally and chiefly U.S. a motor vehicle in very poor condition; a vehicle which has been scrapped or is fit only for scrap; (also) such a vehicle modified to give the appearance of one with high power and speed.In quot. 1897 at Compounds 1a: a disused tramcar.

ΚΠ

1912 San Antonio (Texas) Light 29 Sept. 28/7 A junk car is expensive at any price.

1954 Amer. Speech 29 99 Junk car or junker, a car in poor condition that has been made to look like a hot rod. Usually used sarcastically of any car ready for the junk yard.

2003 B. Wagner Still Holding i. 48 The sun-bleached De Ville was in the drive, and a junk car too. It was less than a beater—no wheels and up on blocks.

junk culture n. (a) an artistic movement or style characterized by the use of found and discarded everyday objects and materials; cf. junk art n. (now somewhat rare); (b) pop culture, regarded as superficial, worthless, or inferior (now the usual sense).

ΚΠ

1960 L. Alloway in New Forms, New Media 1 (heading) Junk Culture as Tradition.

1976 Times 10 Nov. 12/4 One finds the same thing in his compatriot Wolfgang Bauer's plays, with characters ripping up their national classics and opting for Americanized junk culture.

1987 Times 8 Aug. 19/3 Mission Impossible incorporates such musical touchstones of Sixties junk culture as ‘Goldfinger’ and ‘Blow Up’ and resurrects the Hammond organ sound with eerie precision.

1993 D. J. Sporre Creative Impulse (ed. 3) II. xv. 414/1 Perhaps developed out of cubist collages, the movement called ‘junk culture’ also took natural objects and assembled them to create single artworks.

2016 Canberra Times (Nexis) 5 Dec. (Guide section) 6 As for Brian De Palma's film, it isn't too bad as disposable junk culture goes.

junk dealer n. originally and chiefly North American a person who deals in old or discarded items or materials, such as old rope or textiles, bottles, scrap metal, worn-out machinery, etc.; cf. rag-and-bone man at rag-and-bone adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in marine stores

ship-chandler1642

junkman1838

junk dealer1839

1839 Atlas (Boston) 8 July Mr John Morse, a junk dealer, No. 60 Sea street, stated that the prisoner brought a quantity of old copper to his store on Friday afternoon, and offered it for sale at 14 cents per lb.

1882 G. A. Sala Amer. Revisited (1885) v. 70 The marine store or ‘junk’ dealer, as he is styled in New-York.

1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang ii. ix. 153 In the summertime they..work about the ragshops for the junk dealers.

1995 M. Lewis Singapore: Rough Guide 77/1 You'll find on your right a batch of junk dealers patiently tinkering with ancient cookers, air-con units and TVs.

junk debt n. Finance debt securities rated as at high risk of default by credit rating agencies.

ΚΠ

1985 Economist 2 Mar. 80/1 The seller also hands over the difference between the cash price and the face value of the loans in ‘junk’ debt which it is owed by some near-worthless company.

2001 Times 22 Oct. 23/1 Troubled US companies have defaulted on nearly $45 billion (£31 billion) of ‘junk debt’ so far this year.

2016 J. Rasmus Systematic Fragility Global Econ. 232 It involves using cash and near cash assets to purchase harder to sell assets, like corporate loans or corporate junk debt.

junk DNA n. Molecular Biology segments of DNA that have no clear function in the genome (such as coding for a protein, regulating transcription, etc.), often consisting of repetitive sequences of nucleotides.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > section of

operator1961

satellite1962

junk DNA1963

spacer1963

transposon1974

antisense1977

retroposon1983

retrotransposon1985

retroelement1988

microsatellite1989

1963 Jrnl. Ultrastruct. Res. 9 39 While current evidence makes plausible the idea that all genetic material is DNA (with the possible exception of RNA viruses), it does not follow that all DNA is competent genetic material (viz. ‘junk’ DNA), nor that all Feulgen-positive material is active DNA.

1989 A. J. Jeffreys in J. R. Durant Human Origins iii. 29 Clear examples of junk DNA are pseudogenes, DNA sequences which are related to functional genes but which carry various mutations which prevent their expression.

2000 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 27 June 1 Also preserved is the detritus from millions of years—failed genes, dead genes, viral genes—all the strange entities called pseudogenes..transposons and retrotransposons—collectively referred to as ‘junk DNA’.

2014 Proc. National Acad. Sci. 111 10630/1 Once relegated to junk DNA, today many repeat elements emerge as potent functional genetic units.

junk drawer n. a drawer in which miscellaneous, small, occasionally useful items are stored.

ΚΠ

1912 Jrnl. Allied Soc. 7 376 With a ⅝-inch sandpaper disk cutter, if you happen to have one in the junk drawer..four wheels suitable for the engine mandrel may be cut from each eraser.

1958 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 20 July m11/2 Janis hunted through her junk drawer until she found the phone number booklet.

1985 Times 7 Dec. 15/1 It is in black felt which can be trimmed as lavishly as the family junk drawer permits—beads from old necklaces, ribbons, shells, feathers, [etc.]

2015 S. Crossan One 169 Dad buys a bird feeder that he fills with seeds. He thrashes around in the junk drawer for some string to hang the long, green..cylinder.

junk email n. [after junk mail n.] unwanted or unsolicited email, typically in the form of advertising or promotional material sent to a large number of recipients; (also as a count noun) an email message of this type; cf. Spam n. Additions.

ΚΠ

1985 Recruiter responds (Long) in net.news (Usenet newsgroup) 21 Feb. When I start getting calls generated via the phone # in my signature, or when I start getting junk e-mail, I might reconsider.

1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 59/1 There's been a lot of hue and cry about the proliferation of spam or junk email sent to members of online services like CompuServe and AOL.

2016 Network Jrnl. Fall 27 When I open my inbox, I first delete all the obvious junk emails. I mark the really weird ones as spam so I never get them again.

junk-filled adj. originally U.S. filled with junk.

ΚΠ

1932 Chester (Pa.) Times 10 Feb. 10/4 All who saw Purnsley on the junk-filled wagon thought he had been compelled to launch in a new business to earn a livelihood.

1965 Jet 10 June 580 While playing in a junk-filled abandoned lot in Boston, Allen Boyer, 9..discovered a nearly naked unidentified dead man with a steel cable around his neck.

1988 R. Hillis in G. Ursell Sky High 345 He drove down the front street again and at the end of it he cut back into a junk-filled alley behind the stores.

2014 Variety 10 June 60/2 On the surface, previous nominee ‘Hoarders’ seems like exploitation but while crews clear out junk-filled houses, the show addresses serious issues of mental illness and family dynamics.

junk fish n. originally and chiefly U.S. fish considered to have little or no value as food or a commercial product.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > unsound or inferior fish

thoke1482

rough fish1816

garbage fish1841

offal1859

shack1904

junk fish1930

1930 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 29 June 29/3 Those who fish for profit and those who fish for pleasure are likely to hook many strange species of fish and these are classified as ‘junk fish’ at Point Isabel.

1999 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 12 Aug. 2/5 The declining economic situation in Jamaica had forced the population to resort to eating ‘junk fish’ in the form of the parrot and Sergeant Major varieties.

2016 Florida Today 22 Mar. a1/1 The death toll spans the spectrum from pint-sized junk fish to plump, prize-sized sport fish.

junk folder n. Computing an email folder into which unwanted or unsolicited messages may be moved or automatically directed.

ΚΠ

1990 FROM Utility for VMS in comp.os.vms (Usenet newsgroup) 14 Mar. So, for instance, to see all of the messages from user FOOBAR in your JUNK folder, you would: $ From FOOBAR JUNK.

1998 Financial Times 28 Dec. 10/5 This required the software company..to warn users that it could unintentionally relegate real messages to the junk folder.

2015 L. Jewell Third Wife 101 Instead she moved it into her junk folder, where she wouldn't have to look at it every time she checked her e-mail.

junk group n. Computing (now rare) a newsgroup into which irrelevant or inappropriate postings to other newsgroups are automatically directed.

ΚΠ

1983 B does not strip Non-local Newsgroups Anymore in net.news.b (Usenet newsgroup) 10 June The junk group is filling up with articles for ‘nj.general’ and ‘btl.foobar’ because there are postings to these groups and a net group.

2000 O. Kirch & T. Dawson Linux Network Administrator's Guide (2nd ed.) 379 Sometimes relaynews fails to store an incoming article because a group to which it has been posted is not listed in your active file. In this case, the article is moved to the junk group.

† junk-hook n. Whaling Obsolete a hook used in handling the junk of a whale (see sense A. 4).

ΚΠ

1876 Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 6. 23 (table) Whalemen's hooks:..Blubber-forks. Junk-hooks.

1883 J. T. Brown Whale Fishery & its Appliances 64 A kind of ‘roustabout’ hook..may be employed..in hauling the junk aft when it is to be lashed; hence the name ‘junk-hook,’ which is sometimes applied.

junk jewellery n. originally and chiefly U.S. jewellery made from inexpensive materials or artificial gemstones, and worn as a fashion accessory; = costume jewellery n. at costume n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > imitation

doublet1449

St. Martin's beads1616

triplet1877

snide1885

junk1904

costume jewellery1907

slum1914

junk jewellery1920

1920 Mentor (N.Y.) Oct. 33/1 I..found the old lady in one of the curio shops, poring over picture post cards, Indian novelties, and junk jewelry.

1963 V. Spolin Improvisation for Theater 391 Cutting through make-up, costume, rags, mannerisms, character, junk jewelry, etc., that make up the covering..of self.

2011 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 17 Dec. 71/2 A young girl wearing short pants and a T-shirt, lots of junk jewellery.

junk mailbox n. Computing an email folder into which unwanted or unsolicited messages may be moved or automatically directed; cf. junk folder n.

ΚΠ

1996 Re: How do you bounce Mail using Turnpike? in demon.ip.support.newuser (Usenet newsgroup) 10 Sept. You can route mail you don't want to see to a junk mailbox and delete it every now and then.

2017 Examiner Newspaper (Nexis) 2 Feb. 17 The first task our household has to do daily, once we turn on our computers, is to empty our junk mail box and move other spam for deletion.

† junk mat n. Obsolete a mat made from old cable or rope material (see sense A. 1c).

ΚΠ

1794 Lloyd's Polit. & Mil. Rhapsody (ed. 3) iii. vi. 200 Rush or junk mats.

a1795 in Crime & Punishm. Gloucestershire (1978) 15/1 The following Articles, manufactured by the Prisoners, are now on Sale... Foot or Shoe Mats thrumbed, made of Old Cables, commonly called Junk Mats.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1416 Junk mats.

1860 Morning Chron. 21 May 7/6 Erecting tents made of junk mats and canvas.

junk playground n. a playground containing discarded building materials, scrapped machinery, etc., on which children can play, or with which children can build their own structures under adult supervision; cf. adventure playground n. at adventure n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1947 Manch. Guardian 17 Mar. 4/7 Morden has made a junk-playground for the under-fourteens on a bombed site.

1977 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 19 July 8/1 The board's goal is to develop a ‘junk’ playground in the elementary area using recycled tires and telephone wire spools.

2017 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 7 Apr. 1 There's a really good junk playground in Wrexham called Plas Madoc—it's places like that which are invaluable and really important for teenagers.

junk-rated adj. designating debt securities rated as at high risk of default by credit rating agencies.

ΚΠ

1985 Investm. Dealers' Digest 30 Apr. 6 Essentially, Bookstaber's technique is an elaborate variation of the classic bankruptcy play of positioning long the bond and short the common equity of a junk-rated credit.

2001 Times 14 Apr. 49/6 Moody's Investors Service later changed its outlook on Amazon's junk-rated debt from ‘stable’ to ‘positive’.

2015 Irish Times 5 Feb. 1/1 (headline) Bank lifts waiver that allowed it to accept junk-rated Greek government bonds.

junk ring n. Engineering (a) (in various mechanisms) a metal ring which secures packing or stuffing that prevents leakage of fluid around a piston rod or other moving part; (b) a metal ring forming a tight seal against leakage in the cylinder of a steam engine or internal combustion engine, typically fitted either to the top of the piston or inside the head of the cylinder.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > piston > [noun] > parts of

piston valve1735

piston rod1753

piston ring1754

piston head1824

gland1839

junk ring1839

slipper block1881

tail-rod1894

scraper ring1918

1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 41 On the top of the packing rings comes the junk ring, which occupies the whole space from the boss of the piston to the sides.

1916 Sci. Amer. 1 Jan. 19/3 This junk ring plays an important part, for it seals the combustion chamber on the compression stroke.

1995 Proc. 3rd Internat. Conf. CANDU Maintenance (Canad. Nuclear Soc.) 351/2 The bottom of most stuffing boxes is an unknown quantity so a junk ring (generally called a guide bushing in control valves) is installed to provide a solid foundation for the packing set and to guide the valve stem.

junk science n. scientific assertions or conclusions which are presented as fact but based on flawed or biased research or analysis; research or analysis of this type; (more generally) theory or practice which is not properly supported by scientific evidence.

ΚΠ

1984 M. Gasch Toxic Tort Litigation v. v. 144 He puts on the stand an eminent research biochemist who characterizes the claimant's mouse study as ‘junk science’ of the worst sort.

1997 Financial Times 3 June 6/4 The tobacco industry is expected to argue studies linking second-hand smoking with disease are ‘junk’ science, and that there is no statistical correlation between second-hand smoking and lung cancer.

2013 N.Y. Times 27 Feb. a14/4 As Attorney General, Mr. Cuccinelli brought suit against the Environmental Protection Agency, claiming..that the impact of carbon dioxide on man-made global warming was ‘junk science’ from the United Nations.

junk sculptor n. a person who creates sculptures using found and discarded objects and materials; cf. junk artist n.

ΚΠ

1960 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 18 Mar. 1 (headline) Self-Destroying Creations By Junk Sculptor.

1985 T. Albright Art in San Francisco Bay Area 280/2 A junk sculptor in the late 1950s who specialized in assembling chunks of partially burned wood.

1999 Wired Jan. 126/1 They are..graphic artists, rave performers, videomakers, pirate-radio enthusiasts, Web users, junk sculptors, and interior designers.

junk sculpture n. (a piece of) sculpture made from found and discarded objects and materials; cf. junk art n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > constructivism or kineticism > [noun] > construction

stabile1943

construction1944

assemblage1961

junk art1961

junk sculpture1961

1961 Nevada State Jrnl. 26 Mar. 4/3 A gallery of junk sculpture composed of old gears, pipes, gratings, all gashed, melted, scored and pitted into proper condition.

1980 Eng. Jrnl. 69 42/2 Even junk sculptures or three dimensional still lifes may be interpreted very effectively by music.

2017 Central Tel. & Rural Weekly (Queensland) (Nexis) 8 Sept. 16 Locals are being invited to submit their junk sculpture.

† junk-strap n. Whaling Obsolete a chain used to hoist the head of a whale to the deck of a vessel; cf. sense A. 4.

ΚΠ

1874 C. M. Scammon Marine Mammals N. Amer. iii. iii. 238 The head, as it is termed, is then hauled to the gangway, and one of the tackles is hooked into the junk-strap at J, and by means of this cutting-tackle purchase, the head is taken in whole, if the whale is under forty barrels.

1883 J. T. Brown Whale Fishery in Bull. U.S. National Mus. (1884) No. 27. 288 The apparently conflicting terms which are indiscriminately applied to this chain, namely, the ‘head-strap’, the ‘case-strap’, and the ‘junk-strap’.

junk tree n. U.S. a tree that is not commercially valuable.

ΚΠ

1957 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 6 Nov. 9/3 One of the big problems in eastern Kansas woodlands is that the better species have been cut in the past, leving [sic] ‘junk’ trees.

1995 High Country News 21 Aug. 20/2 Merlo brought predation to a new pitch by using..non-commercial junk trees: small-in-diameter piss fir, alder, live oak, aspen and the like.

2017 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 19 Aug. a 9/2 But he opined not all the growth is good because of too many junk trees among the hardwoods.

† junk vat n. Tanning Obsolete a large vat for holding spent or waste liquor from the tanning process.

ΚΠ

1878 Rep. Secretary of War III. App. k. 83 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (45th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 1, Pt. 2) VI Junk Vat,..a large vat, into which is pumped the tan-liquor or ooze which has been deprived of a great part of its strength in the layers.

1892 Hornellsville (N.Y.) Weekly Tribune 5 Jan. J. E. Shaut of Canisteo, accidentally fell into a ‘junk’ vat at the tannery on Tuesday last and injured his shoulder quite badly.

1925 Chicago Defender 11 July i. 2/1 Overcome by heat and poisonous fumes which circulated in a large junk vat, while attempting to rescue their employer.

† junk wad n. Obsolete a plug made of junk (sense A. 1c) or oakum bound with spunyarn and used to keep the powder and shot in position when loading a gun or cartridge; cf. wad n.¹ 4a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > wad

tampion1481

wadding1627

wad1667

wisp1688

patch1799

junk wad1822

grummet1828

patching1835

oil patch1861

grummet-wad1867

1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 71 Put in one round shot and a high junk wad, and ram it home 7 times.

1844 Rep. Parl. Comm. Loyal National Repeal Assoc. Ireland I. 147 They are then fired twice.., with one shot and two high junk wads, and examined with a searcher after each round.

1899 Good Words Dec. 372/2 The charge was first inserted and a dry rope wad was put next to it; then came a thick junk wad which had been soaked in water.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	junk
释义	junkn.¹adj. Brit. /dʒʌŋk/, U.S. /dʒəŋk/ Forms: Middle English joncke, Middle English jonke, Middle English jounke, Middle English joynk, Middle English– junk, 1500s ionk (Scottish), 1500s iuncke, 1500s–1700s junck, 1600s iunke, 1600s junke. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: junk n.² Etymology: Origin uncertain, perhaps the same word as junk n.² (although this is first attested slightly later), but the semantic connection is not entirely clear: perhaps originally with reference to rope made from rushes or similar coarse plant fibre. Perhaps compare post-classical Latin jonchus , (in a source from Genoa also) xunchus (both 13th cent.), Italian †gionco (1614), all apparently denoting lifts or similar ropes supporting the yard of a sail. In sense A. 2 perhaps influenced by chunk n.¹ A. n.¹ †1. Originally and chiefly Nautical. a. An old or inferior cable or rope; (sometimes) spec. one used as a fender. Frequently modified by old. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope collective or as material > old or inferior junk1410 1410–12 in N. H. Nicolas Hist. Royal Navy (1847) II. 475 La hulk..ove lapparaill..v. ankres dont un de eux est unstokked, un junk, [etc.]. 1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 49 Hausers grete and small, iij. Jonkes, iiij. 1586 Edinb. Test. XV. f. 549^v in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Jonk The..ankeris, saillis, mastis, kabillis, bewaris & ionkis qubilk war recoverit of the flie boitt. 1600 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 108 The straines of one of our cables were broken, and we only roade by an old iunke. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xliiii. 104 Peeces of a Iunke or Rope, chopped very small. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 16 Cables, hawsers or streame cables..when that way vnseruiceable, they serue for Iunkes, fendors and braded plackets for brests of defence. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vii. 30 Fenders are peeces of old Hawsers called Iunkes. 1772 C. Newland in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 86 You may make your ship fast with any old junk. b. A piece of old cable or rope, used esp. for making fenders. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > fender junk1528 puddinga1625 fender1626 fend1658 fend-bolt1678 bongrace1685 skid1743 pudding fender1883 sausage1968 1528 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) (modernized text) IV. ii. 2227 Old junkys of cabils for cringils for cressets. 1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya iii. 14 They..strengthned the sides of their Ships with iunckes of cables, beds, Mastes, planckes, and such like. 1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services iv. 195 Adm. What is..a Boun-grace? Capt. It is a certain Frame or Composition of old Ropes or Juncks of Cables, which is used to be laid out at the Bows, Stems and Sides of Ships, to preserve them from great Flakes of Ice. c. As a mass noun: old cable or rope material, cut up into short lengths and used for making fenders, reefpoints, gaskets, oakum, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope collective or as material > old or inferior > cut up into small pieces junk?1660 ?1660 Indenture between Kings Majesty & Master-gunner (single sheet) Tarr'd Rope for..Junck. 1666 S. Pepys Diary 14 July (1972) VII. 206 Four or five Tons of Corke to send..to the fleet; being a new device to make Barrecados with, instead of Junke. 1704 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1868) II. 440 Ordered, that Mr. Treasurer, provide..Junk for Wadding, Tar, Blacking &c. for the great Guns. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ii. 133 We had not enough junk to make spurn-yarn [= spun-yarn]. 1803 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1941) III. 270 The Ships company employed working up Junk and restowing the Warranted Officers store rooms. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 2 The steerage..was filled with coils of rigging, spare sails, old junk, and ship stores. 1877 W. H. Thomson Five Years' Penal Servitude i. 46 Every morning the quantum of ‘junk’ was served out, and in the evening the taskmaster came round..to take each man's oakum. 1913 Waste Trade Jrnl. 4 Oct. 3/1 All of the following materials are free of duty:..cotton waste or flocks, hide cuttings, hair, scrap iron and steel, old junk, oakum, paper stock. 2. A piece or lump of something; a chunk, a hunk. Also figurative. In later use chiefly regional. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > large or thick piece luncheon1580 lunch1591 chuck1674 chunk1691 junt1718 daud1721 junk1726 hunch1790 hunk1809 dunt1813 knoll1829 nugget1853 slug1867 1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 155 I..gave to each of them a short Junk of Pipe. 1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 41 (note) The stem [of Cassara] is knotty, and, being cut into small junks and planted, young sprouts shoot up from each knob. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. i. 11 A large knot in his cheek from a junk of tobacco therein stowed. 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter II. xiv. 305 The huge junk of single Gloucester. 1952 Caribbean Q. 2 31 Its [sc. the plantain's] succulent stems, cut into junks and stowed in great bundles below the mizzen chains, served as fodder for the animals. 1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin iv. 39 Large junks of beef were boiled or roasted in very large pots. 2017 @shortsteph2 12 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) I just paid a big junk of my school debt, I can't wait to go back. It's time. 3. Originally and chiefly Nautical. More fully salt junk. Salt meat, esp. as used as food on long sea voyages. Formerly also in †old junk, †tough junk. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > salted meat Martinmas meatc1450 Martinmas beefc1475 powder beef1479 Martinmas flesh1656 Irish horse1748 bully1753 junk1762 salt junk1792 salt horse1836 red horse1864 hunter's beef1879 bullamacow1887 Jack1890 macon1939 1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves II. xiii. 9 Your mistress Aurelia, whom I value no more than old junk, pork-slush, or stinking stockfish. 1792 M. Cutler Let. 5 Mar. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 486 I had infinitely rather sit down with you to a piece of salt junk at one o'clock than be tormented with the parade..of Philadelphia entertainments. 1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome 78 They dined on Junk and Cheese. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. x. v. 646 Stedfastly eating tough junk with a wetting of rum. 1896 Boys of Eng. 25 Sept. (Boys Prince Novelettes Suppl.) 3/1 The half-hour occupied in eating their junk and biscuit. 1902 H. Lawson Children of Bush 291 The men who made Australia live on damper junk and tea. 2016 Grimsby Tel. 14 Nov. 31/2 ‘I just went to get some salt meat out of the first cask on the boat deck and it's gone.’.. ‘There's plenty of fish in the sea to make up for it. After all it's only salt junk we've lost.’ 4. Whaling. The lump or mass of thick fatty tissue lying below the main spermaceti organ in the snout of a sperm whale, broad at the front and tapering towards the rear.The junk is homologous to the melon (melon n.¹ 3) of other toothed whales, and contains oily wax (spermaceti) between partitions of connective tissue. It is involved in focusing and amplifying the animal's acoustic signals, and may also regulate buoyancy and protect the head against impact. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Physeteridae > genus Physeter (sperm whale) > parts of > part producing spermaceti junk1833 1833 W. Bowers Naval Adventures I. iv. 82 This [sc. the head] is divided into two pieces, the upper part or ‘junk’ a mass of soft blubber; the other is called the case, in the centre of which is found a complete well, filled with the clearest spermaceti. 1916 R. C. Andrews Whale Hunting with Gun & Camera xix. 229 (caption) The junk is a mass of cellular tissue which also contains spermaceti. 2016 PeerJ 4 1895 The function of the spermaceti organ and the junk in adding directionality and amplitude to sonar clicks is relatively well studied and accepted. 5. a. Old or discarded items or materials that may be reused or recycled, such as used clothing, bottles, scrap metal, worn-out machinery, etc.; (sometimes simply) waste, refuse, rubbish.Originally as an extended use of sense A. 1c.See also junk dealer n. at Compounds 2, junk shop n., junk store n., etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] wrakea1350 outcastingc1350 rammel1370 rubble1376 mullockc1390 refusec1390 filtha1398 outcasta1398 chaff?a1400 rubbishc1400 wastec1430 drossc1440 raff?1440 rascal1440 murgeonc1450 wrack1472 gear1489 garblec1503 scowl1538 raffle1543 baggage1549 garbage1549 peltry1550 gubbins?1553 lastage1553 scruff1559 retraict1575 ross1577 riddings1584 ket1586 scouring1588 pelf1589 offal1598 rummage1598 dog's meat1606 retriment1615 spitling1620 recrement1622 mundungus1637 sordes1640 muskings1649 rejectament1654 offscouring1655 brat1656 relicts1687 offage1727 litter1730 rejectamenta1795 outwale1825 detritus1834 junk1836 wastements1843 croke1847–78 sculch1847 debris1851 rumble1854 flotsam1861 jetsam1861 pelt1880 offcasting1893 rubbishry1894 littering1897 muckings1898 wastage1898 dreck1905 bruck1929 crap1934 garbo1953 clobber1965 dooky1965 grot1971 tippings- the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless hawc1000 turdc1275 fille1297 dusta1300 lead1303 skitc1330 naught1340 vanityc1340 wrakea1350 rushc1350 dirt1357 fly's wing1377 goose-wing1377 fartc1390 chaff?a1400 nutshella1400 shalec1400 yardc1400 wrack1472 pelfrya1529 trasha1529 dreg1531 trish-trash1542 alchemy1547 beggary?1548 rubbish1548 pelfa1555 chip1556 stark naught1562 paltry?1566 rubbish1566 riff-raff1570 bran1574 baggage1579 nihil1579 trush-trash1582 stubblea1591 tartar1590 garbage1592 bag of winda1599 a cracked or slit groat1600 kitchen stuff1600 tilta1603 nothing?1608 bauble1609 countera1616 a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620 buttermilk1630 dross1632 paltrement1641 cattle1643 bagatelle1647 nothingness1652 brimborion1653 stuff1670 flap-dragon1700 mud1706 caput mortuuma1711 snuff1778 twaddle1786 powder-post1790 traffic1828 junk1836 duffer1852 shice1859 punk1869 hogwash1870 cagmag1875 shit1890 tosh1892 tripe1895 dreck1905 schlock1906 cannon fodder1917 shite1928 skunk1929 crut1937 chickenshit1938 crud1943 Mickey Mouse1958 gick1959 garbo1978 turd1978 pants1994 1836 Earl of Liverpool Acct. Operation Poor Law Amendm. Uckfield Union 17 We have expended but a very small sum in building..and about the same sum for additional furniture, clothing, stationery, junk, &c. 1845 By-laws & Ordinances N.Y. lxxiii. 526 No person shall draw or drive..any hand-cart..for the purpose of collecting junk, rags, old rope, old iron, [etc.]. 1884 H. Frederic in Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 11/1 Many..[shops] devoted to the sale of rags, and the sweepings of a city, bones, junk—a collection of pestilence-breeding filth. 1952 R. Finlayson Schooner came to Atia 112 The boat was found battered to junk in a pool. 1974 Woman 4 May 5/1 Collecting junk for creative work is a way of life at school. 2010 L. Erdrich Shadow Tag 234 The house had suddenly gone feral. Junk was everywhere. Trash. Recycling. Bins of old bottles. b. colloquial. Any objects, possessions, etc., which are considered to be of little or no use or value, or which make a place cluttered. Also in neutral sense: (with possessive) personal belongings. ΚΠ 1907 Weekly Irish Times 20 July 6/2 You didn't buy all that junk that you didn't want, did you. 1925 W. Faulkner Let. 6 July in Thinking of Home (1992) 213 I am the best packer in the world: I have all my junk in a suit-case and a kit bag. 1935 A. Christie Death in Clouds xi. 118 I have my collection..that all connoisseurs know—and also I have—well, frankly, Messieurs, let us call it junk! 1997 G. H. Holthaus Wide Skies 73 After the meeting I throw all my junk together, pack the van, and check out. 2018 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 24 Nov. r6 He didn't believe in..basements, garages and closets: They only encouraged residents to accumulate useless junk. 6. a. Chiefly U.S. (originally Criminals' slang). Jewellery made from inexpensive materials or artificial gemstones. Cf. junk jewellery n. at Compounds 2.In later use perhaps simply a contextual use of sense A. 5a. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > imitation doublet1449 St. Martin's beads1616 triplet1877 snide1885 junk1904 costume jewellery1907 slum1914 junk jewellery1920 1904 ‘No. 1500’ Life in Sing Sing 249/2 Junk, plated jewelry. 1938 Commentator Jan. 50/2 The jewelry trade agrees with the fashion forecasters that ‘junk’ is here to stay. 1995 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 Feb. Bey owns countless necklaces, most of them ‘junk’ inherited from her mother who used to ‘hunt for costume jewelry’. b. U.S. Criminals' slang. Jewellery. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] jewelleryc1400 pierreriea1450 usker1536 lapidary1609 bijouterie1815 junk1911 tomfoolery1930 tom1955 1911 G. Bronson-Howard Enemy to Society iv. 77 Of course we can't get rid of the junk for six months. 1922 N.Y. Times 4 June vi. 7/3 For years jewelry was ‘junk’ to a burglar or a pickpocket. 1952 C. Hamilton Men of Underworld 323 Gloss. Junk, jewelry or imitation jewelry. 7. Originally and chiefly U.S. Worthless or absurd ideas, talk, writing, etc.; nonsense. Cf. rubbish n. 3a.In quot. 1906: meaningless ritual. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > [noun] magged talea1387 moonshine1468 trumperyc1485 foolishness1531 trash1542 baggage1545 flim-flam1570 gear1570 rubbisha1576 fiddle-faddle1577 stuff1579 fible-fable1581 balductum1593 pill1608 nonsense1612 skimble-skamble1619 porridge1642 mataeology1656 fiddle-come-faddle1663 apple sauce1672 balderdash1674 flummery1749 slang1762 all my eye1763 diddle-daddle1778 (all) my eye (and) Betty Martin1781 twaddle1782 blancmange1790 fudge1791 twiddle-twaddle1798 bothering1803 fee-faw-fum1811 slip-slop1811 nash-gab1816 flitter-tripe1822 effutiation1823 bladderdash1826 ráiméis1828 fiddlededee1843 pickles1846 rot1846 kelter1847 bosh1850 flummadiddle1850 poppycock1852 Barnum1856 fribble-frabble1859 kibosh1860 skittle1864 cod1866 Collyweston1867 punk1869 slush1869 stupidness1873 bilge-water1878 flapdoodle1878 tommyrot1880 ruck1882 piffle1884 flamdoodle1888 razzmatazz1888 balls1889 pop1890 narrischkeit1892 tosh1892 footle1894 tripe1895 crap1898 bunk1900 junk1906 quatsch1907 bilge1908 B.S.1912 bellywash1913 jazz1913 wash1913 bullshit?1915 kid-stakes1916 hokum1917 bollock1919 bullsh1919 bushwa1920 noise1920 bish-bosh1922 malarkey1923 posh1923 hooey1924 shit1924 heifer dust1927 madam1927 baloney1928 horse feathers1928 phonus-bolonus1929 rhubarb1929 spinach1929 toffeea1930 tomtit1930 hockey1931 phoney baloney1933 moody1934 cockalorum1936 cock1937 mess1937 waffle1937 berley1941 bull dust1943 crud1943 globaloney1943 hubba-hubba1944 pish1944 phooey1946 asswipe1947 chickenshit1947 slag1948 batshit1950 goop1950 slop1952 cack1954 doo-doo1954 cobbler1955 horse shit1955 nyamps1955 pony1956 horse manure1957 waffling1958 bird shit1959 codswallop1959 how's your father1959 dog shit1963 cods1965 shmegegge1968 pucky1970 taradiddle1970 mouthwash1971 wank1974 gobshite1977 mince1985 toss1990 arse1993 1906 H. Green At Actors' Boarding House 48 We're just in time to see this heathen at some of his tricks... It's some junk his folks always done. 1933 W. R. Burnett Dark Hazard iii. (contin.) i. 268 That was the trouble with all the stories he had ever read; they weren't true... Why read a lot of junk that wasn't even true? 1989 T. Berger Changing Past iv. 244 You don't talk that headshrinker junk. 2010 J. Gabrick Step by Step Innovation 43 Most of the ideas were considered junk. 8. slang (originally U.S.). Any of various intoxicating or narcotic drugs, esp. heroin; such drugs collectively. Cf. junkie n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) opiate?a1425 dope1886 hop1887 Peter1899 quill1916 junk1921 narcotic1926 stuff1929 mojo1935 sugar1935 gear1954 narco1954 sauce1975 opie1992 Scooby Snack1996 the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > morphine, cocaine, or heroin > heroin heroin1898 junk1921 dynamite1924 schmeck1932 smack1942 horse1950 gear1954 boy1955 sugar1956 chiva1964 scag1967 hoss1968 scat1970 P-funk1982 black tar1983 1921 Variety 21 Oct. 7/3 We found out later that he was a pipe fiend... He would get a skin full of junk and tell everybody he met to drop him quick. 1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie xii. 119 Lupita got her start with one gram of junk and built up from there to a monopoly of the junk business in Mexico City. 1960 J. Gelber Connection i. 25 You cats ought to smoke pot instead of using junk. It would make you more agreeable. 2006 H. O'Neill Lullabies for Little Criminals 125 Selling quilts had apparently turned Lester's life around and was helping him stay off junk. 9. Baseball. Pitches that rely on unpredictable movement rather than speed, such as breaking balls and knuckleballs. Cf. junkball n.Also in softball.Recorded earliest in attributive use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching > types of pitch change of pace1650 slow ball1838 passed ball1860 ball1863 rib roaster1864 called ball1865 low ball1866 wild pitch1867 curveball1875 short pitch1877 grass cutter1879 fastball1883 downshoot1886 lob ball1888 pitchout1903 bean ballc1905 spitball1905 screwball1908 spitter1908 sinker ball1910 fallaway1912 meatball1912 fireball1913 roundhouse1913 forkball1923 sinker1926 knuckle ball1927 knuckler1928 gofer1932 slider1936 sailer1937 junk1941 change up1942 eephus1943 junkball1944 split-finger(ed) fastball1980 change1982 1941 Washington Post 8 Mar. 14/7 Griffith was pitching his junk stuff to great hitters like Cobb and Crawford and Burkhardt. He'd give 'em everything but a fast ball and make 'em hit it where he wanted. 1942 Washington Post 23 Dec. 26/3 One day I hit him for a homer when he threw me a fast ball... He had me crazy, tossing up a lot of fluttering junk; soft stuff. 1987 S. Fiffer How to watch Baseball vii. 143 Why don't you stop throwing that junk and throw a fastball. 2014 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 17 Apr. I decided to change it up and throw a little junk at them, curveballs, and it threw them off a bit. 10. Originally U.S. Food that appeals to popular taste but has little nutritional value, typically having a high sugar and fat content, and often sold pre-prepared for convenience; = junk food n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [noun] > unwholesome or unpalatable food strange flesha1616 gut-rot1916 junk1948 junk food1952 1948 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 22 Nov. 5 a/2 It is likely that the ‘junk’ she eats instead of food accounts for much or all of her trouble. 1973 Jrnl. Nutrition Educ. Apr. 117/2 Students eat what they..refer to as ‘junk’—French fries, pretzels, chips, ice cream, candy, hot dogs. 1986 P. Theroux O-zone viii. 96 He sat..eating junk, Guppy Cola and jelly sandwiches. 2003 Independent 5 May (Review section) 12/4 Our children are encouraged to eat junk by the skipload, but they're also required to look like Kate Moss. 11. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). The male genitals. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] genitalsa1393 jewelc1475 tackle1533 virility1598 emblemsa1625 virilities1646 genitalia1651 button1691 wally1698 family jewelsc1920 basket1941 crown jewel1970 lunchbox1972 junk1983 trouser department1985 package1993 1983 E. Mordden in Christopher St. Apr. 17/1 That's when the top man lays you face down on your junk. 2010 Gaz. (Colorado Springs) 20 Nov. a19/1 He..was escorted from the area by police after telling a TSA agent, ‘If you touch my junk, I'm going to have you arrested.’ 2015 G. Price On Edge ix. 79 A stubby finger lifted and he pointed at me, then tipped the finger toward his junk. 12. Computing. a. Unsolicited or unwanted email, typically in the form of advertising or promotional material sent to a large number of recipients. Cf. junk email n. at Compounds 2, junk mail n. 2. ΚΠ 1984 Boss letting Email pile Up? in fa.human-nets (Usenet newsgroup) 20 Oct. Earlier this year I was receiving about 200 messages a day, but they were mostly junk from the BandyKin mailing list. I tried to filter the junk out at high speed. 2003 Internet Advisor Nov. 7/2 My spam and junk has been cut in half now. I used to delete and bounce it back but still they came, so now I blacklist the entire domain and it stops them in their tracks. 2014 L. Rayven Bad Romeo 129 I open my laptop and spend a few minutes checking e-mails... I delete the junk and switch to my desktop. b. A folder in an email system or online user group into which unsolicited or unwanted messages (or messages perceived as such) may be moved or automatically directed; = junk folder n. at Compounds 2. Cf. junk email n. at Compounds 2, junk mail n. 2. ΚΠ 1986 Re: Starting talk.bizarre in talk.bizarre (Usenet newsgroup) 8 Sept. Oh, great, you sent this out so that we get it about 3 weeks after being flooded by a massive wave of bizarre stuff that all went into junk. 2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 8 Mar. 28 If you regularly receive emails from your energy or telecoms supplier, add its addresses to your ‘safe’ list, so they do not go into your junk mailbox, and check your junk regularly just in case. 2016 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 10 Oct. e1 Well, the e-mail went to junk, but I've added our door lock to my contacts, so from now on it'll be flagged and added to my calendar. B. adj. (attributive). Originally U.S. Inferior, worthless, of poor quality. Cf. junky adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] evil971 lowc1175 poor?c1225 feeblec1275 vilea1300 petty1372 unthende1377 secondary1386 petitc1390 unmeeta1393 illa1400 commonc1400 coarse1424 indigent1426 unlikelyc1450 lesser1464 gross1474 naughty1526 inferior1531 reprobate?1545 slender1577 unlikely1578 puny1579 under1580 wooden1592 sordid1596 puisne1598 provant1601 subministrant1604 inferious1607 sublunary1624 indifferent1638 undermatched1642 unworthy1646 underly1648 turncoated1650 female1652 undergraduate1655 farandinical1675 baddishc1736 ungenerous1745 understrapping1762 tinnified1794 demi-semi1805 shabby1805 dicky1819 poor white1821 tin-pot1838 deterior1848 substandard1850 crumby1859 cheesy1863 po'1866 not-quite1867 rocky1873 mouldy1876 low-grade1878 sketchy1878 midget1879 junky1880 ullaged1892 abysmal1904 bodgie1905 junk1908 crap1936 ropy1941 bodger1945 two-star1951 tripey1955 manky1958 schlocky1960 cack1978 wank1991 bowf1994 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > worthless naughteOE unworthc960 nought worthOE unworthya1240 vaina1300 lewd1362 base?1510 to be nothing toc1520 stark naught1528 nothing worth1535 worthilessa1542 draffish1543 baggage1548 dunghill?1555 valureless1563 toyish1572 worthless1573 out (forth) of door (also doors)1574 leaden1577 riff-raff1577 drafty1582 fecklessc1586 dudgeon?1589 nought-worth1589 tenpenny1592 wanwordy?a1595 shotten herring1598 nugatory1603 unvalued1604 priceless1614 unvaluable1615 valuelessa1616 waste1616 trashya1620 draffy1624 stramineous1624 invaluable1640 roly-poly?1645 nugatorious1646 perquisquilian1647 niffling1649 lazy1671 wanworth1724 little wortha1754 flimsy1756 waff1788 null1790 nothingy1801 nothingly1802 twopenny-halfpenny1809 not worth a flaw1810 garbage1817 peanut1836 duffing1839 trash1843 no-account1845 no-count1851 punky1859 rummagy1872 junky1880 skilligalee1883 footle1894 punk1896 wherry-go-nimble1901 junk1908 rinky-dink1913 schlock1916 tripe1927 duff1938 chickenshit1940 sheg-up1941 expendable1942 (strictly) for the birds1943 tripey1955 schlocky1960 naff1964 dipshit1968 cack1978 1908 Public Service (Chicago) Dec. 171/1 The old junk idea that any person can take in cash..has been tossed on the scrap heap. 1926 Life 2 Dec. A junk play from a junk novel. 1975 Harper's Mag. Feb. 112/1 Children have a better sense of style than adults because they have not yet skimmed over acres of junk writing. 1996 F. Aird Fiberglass & Composite Materials viii. 78/2 Too much heat, or ramping up the temperature too rapidly can produce a completely junk part. 2013 C. Sneed Little Known Facts 13 Will watches entertainment news shows and other junk TV that his sister doesn't have time for. Phrases P1. U.S. colloquial. and junk: and so on; and similar things. Cf, and stuff at stuff n.¹ 8d, and shit at shit n. and adj. Phrases 22. ΚΠ 1940 M. Levin Citizens iii. 196 You just cover their lectures and rallies and junk. 1987 S. Brand Media Lab i. v. 71 When you look at a big projector-TV image, all you see is rainbows and creepy-crawlies and junk. 2019 @EvelBryc 27 Feb. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Look at me being all trans in public and junk. P2. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). junk in the (also one's) trunk: curvaceousness of the buttocks, esp. regarded as an attractive feature of a woman. ΚΠ 1992 ‘Duice’ Dazzey Duks (transcribed from song) in Dazzey Duks Baby got back, the junk in the trunk She got a six pack or a hell of a rump. 2001 Essence Nov. 116/2 In movies, rap songs and on television, we're told that the attractive, desirable and sexy ladies are the ones with ‘junk in their trunks’. 2016 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 29 Jan. 3 Curvy Barbie boasts some extra junk in the trunk and even a little paunch in the front, similar to real women. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. a. In sense A. 5, as junk collector, junk heap, junk pile, junk room, etc.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately at Compounds 2. See also junkman n.², junk shop n., junk store n., junkyard n. ΚΠ 1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 1 May 3/4 The total amount received for granting and renewing licenses during the month was $578 75—junk shops, 5; junk carts, 33 [etc.]. 1866 21st Ann. Rep. Prison Assoc. N.Y. 166 The law..has recognized the utility and even the necessity of pawnbroking and junk-dealing. 1880 Harper's Mag. June 67/1 The junk pile in the barn is invaded, and the rusty plough abstracted. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 3/2 Twenty tons of unsold copies of a well-known cheap magazine were sold for waste-paper to junk merchants. 1936 M. Allingham Flowers for Judge xiv. 207 They didn't keep anything valuable there. It's a sort of junk-room. 1959 Times 14 Mar. 8/5 How to evaluate the pieces found in sale rooms, antique shops, and junk stalls. 1973 Guardian 23 Mar. 12/4 In Plymouth once they raided the local junk-heap to supplement the props which they had brought with them. 2015 A. Flourney Turner House 110 He rode in the back of the truck and watched junk collectors traverse Black Bottom. b. In sense A. 8, as junk addiction, junk habit, junk pusher, etc. ΚΠ 1927 Washington Post 14 Apr. 16/3 We had a child and it died in twelve days. So died my junk habit. I haven't touched a bit going on one year. 1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie x. 108 You cannot escape from junk-sickness any more than you can escape from junk-kick after a shot. 1964 L. Olay in P. Maher & M. K. Dorr Miles on Miles (2009) 25 Disoriented junk dreams articulated about one-eighth as brilliantly as their authors conceived them. 1970 Times of India 18 Jan. (Mag.) p. v/3 The two seeming ‘baddies’, having been junk pushers to L.A. Hippies, set off on motor cycle. 2013 R. Jacobs Soul Destruction: Unforgivable xxxvii. 184 She couldn't recall divulging her junk addiction, let alone committing to abstain. C2. Many of the formations below are compounds of the noun, but some (for example junk bond n., junk DNA n., junk science n.) probably show uses of the adjective; both types of formation are treated together here for ease of reference. junk art n. art made using found and discarded objects and materials. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > constructivism or kineticism > [noun] > construction stabile1943 construction1944 assemblage1961 junk art1961 junk sculpture1961 1961 Life 24 Nov. 63/2 The origins of junk art go back to some famous..20th Century pioneers, the cubists and dadaists. 1976 Jrnl. Aesthetic Educ. 10 80 We often find junk art aesthetically pleasing... Such is the case, I believe, with Bull's Head. 2001 J. C. Oates Middle Age (2002) 4 I threw my junk-art together with a disdain for how it might better be done. junk artist n. (a) Baseball a pitcher who specializes in throwing off-speed pitches such as breaking balls and knuckleballs; = junkballer n. at junkball n. Derivatives; (b) a person who creates art using found and discarded objects and materials. ΚΠ 1954 Washington Post 26 Apr. 19/1 The grandeur of his fast-balling had been lost. The fans don't pay to see the..junk artists. 1959 Grit (Williamsport, Pa.) 9 Aug. 12/3 The 26-year-old junk artist, who also paints and draws, works on scenery for..the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006 Irish Times 23 Sept. (Mag.) 21/2 The loose collaboration of maverick inventors, junk artists and amateur philosophers at the Lawrence Street Workshops is unique in Belfast. 2015 J. Klima Game must go On xxi. 299 He couldn't throw hard, but he was a masterful junk artist who could spin the ball, locate whatever he had left on his fastball, and change speeds. junk bond n. Finance (originally U.S.) a high-yield, high-risk security, typically issued by a company seeking to raise capital quickly in order to finance a takeover. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms bear1709 bull1714 bearskin1719 trust stock1733 preference stock1845 preferred stock1848 trustee stock1855 short1868 privileged stock1875 future1880 junior stock1914 curb-stocks1915 long1930 junk bond1974 1974 Forbes 1 Apr. 26/2 Typically, junk bonds carry high coupons and are sold at deep discounts when they are first listed. 1989 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks xiii. 335 Use of junk bonds to achieve highly leveraged corporate takeovers. 2014 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 81 501 Six life insurers failed after substantial investment losses, primarily in junk bonds. junk car n. originally and chiefly U.S. a motor vehicle in very poor condition; a vehicle which has been scrapped or is fit only for scrap; (also) such a vehicle modified to give the appearance of one with high power and speed.In quot. 1897 at Compounds 1a: a disused tramcar. ΚΠ 1912 San Antonio (Texas) Light 29 Sept. 28/7 A junk car is expensive at any price. 1954 Amer. Speech 29 99 Junk car or junker, a car in poor condition that has been made to look like a hot rod. Usually used sarcastically of any car ready for the junk yard. 2003 B. Wagner Still Holding i. 48 The sun-bleached De Ville was in the drive, and a junk car too. It was less than a beater—no wheels and up on blocks. junk culture n. (a) an artistic movement or style characterized by the use of found and discarded everyday objects and materials; cf. junk art n. (now somewhat rare); (b) pop culture, regarded as superficial, worthless, or inferior (now the usual sense). ΚΠ 1960 L. Alloway in New Forms, New Media 1 (heading) Junk Culture as Tradition. 1976 Times 10 Nov. 12/4 One finds the same thing in his compatriot Wolfgang Bauer's plays, with characters ripping up their national classics and opting for Americanized junk culture. 1987 Times 8 Aug. 19/3 Mission Impossible incorporates such musical touchstones of Sixties junk culture as ‘Goldfinger’ and ‘Blow Up’ and resurrects the Hammond organ sound with eerie precision. 1993 D. J. Sporre Creative Impulse (ed. 3) II. xv. 414/1 Perhaps developed out of cubist collages, the movement called ‘junk culture’ also took natural objects and assembled them to create single artworks. 2016 Canberra Times (Nexis) 5 Dec. (Guide section) 6 As for Brian De Palma's film, it isn't too bad as disposable junk culture goes. junk dealer n. originally and chiefly North American a person who deals in old or discarded items or materials, such as old rope or textiles, bottles, scrap metal, worn-out machinery, etc.; cf. rag-and-bone man at rag-and-bone adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in marine stores ship-chandler1642 junkman1838 junk dealer1839 1839 Atlas (Boston) 8 July Mr John Morse, a junk dealer, No. 60 Sea street, stated that the prisoner brought a quantity of old copper to his store on Friday afternoon, and offered it for sale at 14 cents per lb. 1882 G. A. Sala Amer. Revisited (1885) v. 70 The marine store or ‘junk’ dealer, as he is styled in New-York. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang ii. ix. 153 In the summertime they..work about the ragshops for the junk dealers. 1995 M. Lewis Singapore: Rough Guide 77/1 You'll find on your right a batch of junk dealers patiently tinkering with ancient cookers, air-con units and TVs. junk debt n. Finance debt securities rated as at high risk of default by credit rating agencies. ΚΠ 1985 Economist 2 Mar. 80/1 The seller also hands over the difference between the cash price and the face value of the loans in ‘junk’ debt which it is owed by some near-worthless company. 2001 Times 22 Oct. 23/1 Troubled US companies have defaulted on nearly $45 billion (£31 billion) of ‘junk debt’ so far this year. 2016 J. Rasmus Systematic Fragility Global Econ. 232 It involves using cash and near cash assets to purchase harder to sell assets, like corporate loans or corporate junk debt. junk DNA n. Molecular Biology segments of DNA that have no clear function in the genome (such as coding for a protein, regulating transcription, etc.), often consisting of repetitive sequences of nucleotides. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > section of operator1961 satellite1962 junk DNA1963 spacer1963 transposon1974 antisense1977 retroposon1983 retrotransposon1985 retroelement1988 microsatellite1989 1963 Jrnl. Ultrastruct. Res. 9 39 While current evidence makes plausible the idea that all genetic material is DNA (with the possible exception of RNA viruses), it does not follow that all DNA is competent genetic material (viz. ‘junk’ DNA), nor that all Feulgen-positive material is active DNA. 1989 A. J. Jeffreys in J. R. Durant Human Origins iii. 29 Clear examples of junk DNA are pseudogenes, DNA sequences which are related to functional genes but which carry various mutations which prevent their expression. 2000 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 27 June 1 Also preserved is the detritus from millions of years—failed genes, dead genes, viral genes—all the strange entities called pseudogenes..transposons and retrotransposons—collectively referred to as ‘junk DNA’. 2014 Proc. National Acad. Sci. 111 10630/1 Once relegated to junk DNA, today many repeat elements emerge as potent functional genetic units. junk drawer n. a drawer in which miscellaneous, small, occasionally useful items are stored. ΚΠ 1912 Jrnl. Allied Soc. 7 376 With a ⅝-inch sandpaper disk cutter, if you happen to have one in the junk drawer..four wheels suitable for the engine mandrel may be cut from each eraser. 1958 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 20 July m11/2 Janis hunted through her junk drawer until she found the phone number booklet. 1985 Times 7 Dec. 15/1 It is in black felt which can be trimmed as lavishly as the family junk drawer permits—beads from old necklaces, ribbons, shells, feathers, [etc.] 2015 S. Crossan One 169 Dad buys a bird feeder that he fills with seeds. He thrashes around in the junk drawer for some string to hang the long, green..cylinder. junk email n. [after junk mail n.] unwanted or unsolicited email, typically in the form of advertising or promotional material sent to a large number of recipients; (also as a count noun) an email message of this type; cf. Spam n. Additions. ΚΠ 1985 Recruiter responds (Long) in net.news (Usenet newsgroup) 21 Feb. When I start getting calls generated via the phone # in my signature, or when I start getting junk e-mail, I might reconsider. 1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 59/1 There's been a lot of hue and cry about the proliferation of spam or junk email sent to members of online services like CompuServe and AOL. 2016 Network Jrnl. Fall 27 When I open my inbox, I first delete all the obvious junk emails. I mark the really weird ones as spam so I never get them again. junk-filled adj. originally U.S. filled with junk. ΚΠ 1932 Chester (Pa.) Times 10 Feb. 10/4 All who saw Purnsley on the junk-filled wagon thought he had been compelled to launch in a new business to earn a livelihood. 1965 Jet 10 June 580 While playing in a junk-filled abandoned lot in Boston, Allen Boyer, 9..discovered a nearly naked unidentified dead man with a steel cable around his neck. 1988 R. Hillis in G. Ursell Sky High 345 He drove down the front street again and at the end of it he cut back into a junk-filled alley behind the stores. 2014 Variety 10 June 60/2 On the surface, previous nominee ‘Hoarders’ seems like exploitation but while crews clear out junk-filled houses, the show addresses serious issues of mental illness and family dynamics. junk fish n. originally and chiefly U.S. fish considered to have little or no value as food or a commercial product. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > unsound or inferior fish thoke1482 rough fish1816 garbage fish1841 offal1859 shack1904 junk fish1930 1930 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 29 June 29/3 Those who fish for profit and those who fish for pleasure are likely to hook many strange species of fish and these are classified as ‘junk fish’ at Point Isabel. 1999 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 12 Aug. 2/5 The declining economic situation in Jamaica had forced the population to resort to eating ‘junk fish’ in the form of the parrot and Sergeant Major varieties. 2016 Florida Today 22 Mar. a1/1 The death toll spans the spectrum from pint-sized junk fish to plump, prize-sized sport fish. junk folder n. Computing an email folder into which unwanted or unsolicited messages may be moved or automatically directed. ΚΠ 1990 FROM Utility for VMS in comp.os.vms (Usenet newsgroup) 14 Mar. So, for instance, to see all of the messages from user FOOBAR in your JUNK folder, you would: $ From FOOBAR JUNK. 1998 Financial Times 28 Dec. 10/5 This required the software company..to warn users that it could unintentionally relegate real messages to the junk folder. 2015 L. Jewell Third Wife 101 Instead she moved it into her junk folder, where she wouldn't have to look at it every time she checked her e-mail. junk group n. Computing (now rare) a newsgroup into which irrelevant or inappropriate postings to other newsgroups are automatically directed. ΚΠ 1983 B does not strip Non-local Newsgroups Anymore in net.news.b (Usenet newsgroup) 10 June The junk group is filling up with articles for ‘nj.general’ and ‘btl.foobar’ because there are postings to these groups and a net group. 2000 O. Kirch & T. Dawson Linux Network Administrator's Guide (2nd ed.) 379 Sometimes relaynews fails to store an incoming article because a group to which it has been posted is not listed in your active file. In this case, the article is moved to the junk group. † junk-hook n. Whaling Obsolete a hook used in handling the junk of a whale (see sense A. 4). ΚΠ 1876 Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 6. 23 (table) Whalemen's hooks:..Blubber-forks. Junk-hooks. 1883 J. T. Brown Whale Fishery & its Appliances 64 A kind of ‘roustabout’ hook..may be employed..in hauling the junk aft when it is to be lashed; hence the name ‘junk-hook,’ which is sometimes applied. junk jewellery n. originally and chiefly U.S. jewellery made from inexpensive materials or artificial gemstones, and worn as a fashion accessory; = costume jewellery n. at costume n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > imitation doublet1449 St. Martin's beads1616 triplet1877 snide1885 junk1904 costume jewellery1907 slum1914 junk jewellery1920 1920 Mentor (N.Y.) Oct. 33/1 I..found the old lady in one of the curio shops, poring over picture post cards, Indian novelties, and junk jewelry. 1963 V. Spolin Improvisation for Theater 391 Cutting through make-up, costume, rags, mannerisms, character, junk jewelry, etc., that make up the covering..of self. 2011 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 17 Dec. 71/2 A young girl wearing short pants and a T-shirt, lots of junk jewellery. junk mailbox n. Computing an email folder into which unwanted or unsolicited messages may be moved or automatically directed; cf. junk folder n. ΚΠ 1996 Re: How do you bounce Mail using Turnpike? in demon.ip.support.newuser (Usenet newsgroup) 10 Sept. You can route mail you don't want to see to a junk mailbox and delete it every now and then. 2017 Examiner Newspaper (Nexis) 2 Feb. 17 The first task our household has to do daily, once we turn on our computers, is to empty our junk mail box and move other spam for deletion. † junk mat n. Obsolete a mat made from old cable or rope material (see sense A. 1c). ΚΠ 1794 Lloyd's Polit. & Mil. Rhapsody (ed. 3) iii. vi. 200 Rush or junk mats. a1795 in Crime & Punishm. Gloucestershire (1978) 15/1 The following Articles, manufactured by the Prisoners, are now on Sale... Foot or Shoe Mats thrumbed, made of Old Cables, commonly called Junk Mats. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1416 Junk mats. 1860 Morning Chron. 21 May 7/6 Erecting tents made of junk mats and canvas. junk playground n. a playground containing discarded building materials, scrapped machinery, etc., on which children can play, or with which children can build their own structures under adult supervision; cf. adventure playground n. at adventure n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1947 Manch. Guardian 17 Mar. 4/7 Morden has made a junk-playground for the under-fourteens on a bombed site. 1977 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 19 July 8/1 The board's goal is to develop a ‘junk’ playground in the elementary area using recycled tires and telephone wire spools. 2017 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 7 Apr. 1 There's a really good junk playground in Wrexham called Plas Madoc—it's places like that which are invaluable and really important for teenagers. junk-rated adj. designating debt securities rated as at high risk of default by credit rating agencies. ΚΠ 1985 Investm. Dealers' Digest 30 Apr. 6 Essentially, Bookstaber's technique is an elaborate variation of the classic bankruptcy play of positioning long the bond and short the common equity of a junk-rated credit. 2001 Times 14 Apr. 49/6 Moody's Investors Service later changed its outlook on Amazon's junk-rated debt from ‘stable’ to ‘positive’. 2015 Irish Times 5 Feb. 1/1 (headline) Bank lifts waiver that allowed it to accept junk-rated Greek government bonds. junk ring n. Engineering (a) (in various mechanisms) a metal ring which secures packing or stuffing that prevents leakage of fluid around a piston rod or other moving part; (b) a metal ring forming a tight seal against leakage in the cylinder of a steam engine or internal combustion engine, typically fitted either to the top of the piston or inside the head of the cylinder. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > piston > [noun] > parts of piston valve1735 piston rod1753 piston ring1754 piston head1824 gland1839 junk ring1839 slipper block1881 tail-rod1894 scraper ring1918 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 41 On the top of the packing rings comes the junk ring, which occupies the whole space from the boss of the piston to the sides. 1916 Sci. Amer. 1 Jan. 19/3 This junk ring plays an important part, for it seals the combustion chamber on the compression stroke. 1995 Proc. 3rd Internat. Conf. CANDU Maintenance (Canad. Nuclear Soc.) 351/2 The bottom of most stuffing boxes is an unknown quantity so a junk ring (generally called a guide bushing in control valves) is installed to provide a solid foundation for the packing set and to guide the valve stem. junk science n. scientific assertions or conclusions which are presented as fact but based on flawed or biased research or analysis; research or analysis of this type; (more generally) theory or practice which is not properly supported by scientific evidence. ΚΠ 1984 M. Gasch Toxic Tort Litigation v. v. 144 He puts on the stand an eminent research biochemist who characterizes the claimant's mouse study as ‘junk science’ of the worst sort. 1997 Financial Times 3 June 6/4 The tobacco industry is expected to argue studies linking second-hand smoking with disease are ‘junk’ science, and that there is no statistical correlation between second-hand smoking and lung cancer. 2013 N.Y. Times 27 Feb. a14/4 As Attorney General, Mr. Cuccinelli brought suit against the Environmental Protection Agency, claiming..that the impact of carbon dioxide on man-made global warming was ‘junk science’ from the United Nations. junk sculptor n. a person who creates sculptures using found and discarded objects and materials; cf. junk artist n. ΚΠ 1960 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 18 Mar. 1 (headline) Self-Destroying Creations By Junk Sculptor. 1985 T. Albright Art in San Francisco Bay Area 280/2 A junk sculptor in the late 1950s who specialized in assembling chunks of partially burned wood. 1999 Wired Jan. 126/1 They are..graphic artists, rave performers, videomakers, pirate-radio enthusiasts, Web users, junk sculptors, and interior designers. junk sculpture n. (a piece of) sculpture made from found and discarded objects and materials; cf. junk art n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > constructivism or kineticism > [noun] > construction stabile1943 construction1944 assemblage1961 junk art1961 junk sculpture1961 1961 Nevada State Jrnl. 26 Mar. 4/3 A gallery of junk sculpture composed of old gears, pipes, gratings, all gashed, melted, scored and pitted into proper condition. 1980 Eng. Jrnl. 69 42/2 Even junk sculptures or three dimensional still lifes may be interpreted very effectively by music. 2017 Central Tel. & Rural Weekly (Queensland) (Nexis) 8 Sept. 16 Locals are being invited to submit their junk sculpture. † junk-strap n. Whaling Obsolete a chain used to hoist the head of a whale to the deck of a vessel; cf. sense A. 4. ΚΠ 1874 C. M. Scammon Marine Mammals N. Amer. iii. iii. 238 The head, as it is termed, is then hauled to the gangway, and one of the tackles is hooked into the junk-strap at J, and by means of this cutting-tackle purchase, the head is taken in whole, if the whale is under forty barrels. 1883 J. T. Brown Whale Fishery in Bull. U.S. National Mus. (1884) No. 27. 288 The apparently conflicting terms which are indiscriminately applied to this chain, namely, the ‘head-strap’, the ‘case-strap’, and the ‘junk-strap’. junk tree n. U.S. a tree that is not commercially valuable. ΚΠ 1957 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 6 Nov. 9/3 One of the big problems in eastern Kansas woodlands is that the better species have been cut in the past, leving [sic] ‘junk’ trees. 1995 High Country News 21 Aug. 20/2 Merlo brought predation to a new pitch by using..non-commercial junk trees: small-in-diameter piss fir, alder, live oak, aspen and the like. 2017 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 19 Aug. a 9/2 But he opined not all the growth is good because of too many junk trees among the hardwoods. † junk vat n. Tanning Obsolete a large vat for holding spent or waste liquor from the tanning process. ΚΠ 1878 Rep. Secretary of War III. App. k. 83 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (45th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 1, Pt. 2) VI Junk Vat,..a large vat, into which is pumped the tan-liquor or ooze which has been deprived of a great part of its strength in the layers. 1892 Hornellsville (N.Y.) Weekly Tribune 5 Jan. J. E. Shaut of Canisteo, accidentally fell into a ‘junk’ vat at the tannery on Tuesday last and injured his shoulder quite badly. 1925 Chicago Defender 11 July i. 2/1 Overcome by heat and poisonous fumes which circulated in a large junk vat, while attempting to rescue their employer. † junk wad n. Obsolete a plug made of junk (sense A. 1c) or oakum bound with spunyarn and used to keep the powder and shot in position when loading a gun or cartridge; cf. wad n.¹ 4a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > wad tampion1481 wadding1627 wad1667 wisp1688 patch1799 junk wad1822 grummet1828 patching1835 oil patch1861 grummet-wad1867 1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 71 Put in one round shot and a high junk wad, and ram it home 7 times. 1844 Rep. Parl. Comm. Loyal National Repeal Assoc. Ireland I. 147 They are then fired twice.., with one shot and two high junk wads, and examined with a searcher after each round. 1899 Good Words Dec. 372/2 The charge was first inserted and a dry rope wad was put next to it; then came a thick junk wad which had been soaked in water. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † junkn.² Forms: late Middle English–1500s ioncke, late Middle English–1500s ionke, late Middle English–1600s iunke, late Middle English 1600s iuncke, late Middle English 1600s jonk, 1600s junck, late Middle English 1600s–1800s junk. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French junc. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman junc, Anglo-Norman and Middle French jonc rush, reed (12th cent. in Old French; French jonc) < classical Latin iuncus, apparently < the same Indo-European base as Old Icelandic einir juniper, Early Irish aín (collective) rushes, reeds.Compare Old Occitan jonc (14th cent.), Catalan jonc (13th cent.) Spanish junco (10th cent. in Mozarabic as yunko ), Portuguese junco (13th cent.), Italian giunco (14th cent.). In junks of the sea n. after Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French jonc marin (mid 14th cent.; now usually denoting gorse). Obsolete. 1. A rush or reed. junks of the sea n. a plant with sharp or spiny leaves (not identified), from which a reputed relic of Christ's crown of thorns was reported to be made. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > rush and related plants rusheOE sharp rushc1050 seave14.. junk?a1425 candle-rushc1440 rush1562 sea-rush1562 camel's-straw1578 mat-rush1578 sprot1595 frog grass1597 matweed1597 rush grass1597 sprata1600 spart1614 bumble1633 toad-grass1640 moss-rush1670 thresha1689 spreta1700 bog rush1760 black grassa1763 goose-corn1762 toad-rush1776 wood-rush1776 stool-bent1777 scrub-grass1811 beak-rush1830 salt-weed1836 wiwi1840 thread rush1861 three-leaved rush1861 kill-cow1898 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 8 Ȝif..men seyn þat this croune is of thornes, ȝee schull vnderstonde þat it was of jonkes of the see [?a1425 Egerton iunkes of þe see; Fr. iouncs marinz] þat is to sey russhes of the see þat prykken als scharpely as thornes. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxvii. f. xliii^v/1 Made fyscellis woven wyth Rede and Ionkes. 1526 W. Bonde Rosary sig. Bvi Tough sharpe thornes, called the iunkes of the see. 1580 T. Newton Approoued Med. f. 55^v This is a certaine Junke or Rushe which groweth in waterish places. 1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru i. xiii. 19 To the Nations Muyna, Huaruc and Chillqui, he appointed Ear-rings of the common Junk or Reed. 1779 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 326 The vallie abound with variety of canes, junks, and bamboos of exquisite beauty. 2. Surgery. A cushioned splint, or a pad or cushion for a splint, made from cloth and stuffed with packing material (originally the leaves of rushes or similar plants). Also junk bag. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > splint spelkc1000 splintc1400 shindle1598 splinter1598 junk1617 fish1666 starch bandage1838 starch splint1843 pistol-splint1860 Balkan splint1916 gutter-splint1919 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 161 I appoynt him iunckes, as some tearme them, namely, bents rowled up in canuasse. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. 559 Junkes are made of stickes the bignesse of a man's finger, wrapped about with rushes, and then with linnen cloth. 1742 Full View Dis. Incident to Children 226 Bandages, Jonks, and clasped Boots every Body knows to be very useful in the Rickets. 1845 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 13 Aug. 33 Junk bags filled with straw, after De Chauliac's suggestion..were used, and the whole apparatus then enveloped in cloths similar to the splint cloths now in use. 1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Junk,..in Surgery, a thin cushion stuffed with horse-hair and strengthened or not by strips of wood or cane, used to support a broken or sprained limb... The original junk, which is still employed, consisted of reeds or stiff straw quilted between two pieces of stout calico. 1891 H. R. Wharton Minor Surg. & Bandaging iii. 300 It is usual to place bran-bags or junk-bags between the limb and the splint. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). junkn.³ Brit. /dʒʌŋk/, U.S. /dʒəŋk/ Forms: α. 1500s giunche (plural), 1500s guncho (apparently transmission error), 1500s–1600s iunco, 1600s giunchi (plural), 1600s junco, 1600s jonco. β. 1600s ionck, 1600s ionk, 1600s iunck, 1600s iuncke, 1600s iunk, 1600s iunke, 1600s jounck, 1600s junc, 1600s junck, 1600s juncke, 1600s junke, 1600s yonk, 1600s–1800s jonk, 1600s– junk, 1700s joncke, 1700s jonque. Origin: A borrowing from Javanese. Etymon: Javanese jong. Etymology: Ultimately < Javanese jong ship, large vessel, especially one of Chinese origin (12th cent. or earlier; compare Malay jong , jung ) < Chinese (Wu: Ningpo) jüng ship. In early use (especially in α. forms) via Spanish junco (1521), Portuguese junco (1510 as junquo, 1516 as jungo), Italian giunca (a1525; also 1510 as giunco), Dutch jonk (1595 as iunco). Compare also post-classical Latin junkus (second half of the 14th cent.), iunca (1523), iuncus (1549), Middle French, French jonque (1525 as ionct in a translation from Italian), and early modern German junke (a1516 as giuncho in a translation from Italian; now Dschunke).Quot. 1555 translates a letter sent within Germany by an Italian-educated writer reporting on the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese explorer F. Magellan; it is unclear in which language it was written, a closely related Latin text by the same author uses the form iunca . Variant forms. Occasional early plural forms with final -en reflect the Dutch plural jonken . The form guncho appears in the English translation of the earliest Italian text; in other passages of this work, Italian giunco is left untranslated. A sailing vessel of a kind used in East and South-East Asia, typically having fully-battened lugsails.Now chiefly applied to Chinese and Japanese vessels of this type; in early use applied more widely to include also vessels of Java, the Malay Archipelago, and South India. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > with specific rig > junk junk1555 α. 1555 R. Eden tr. Maximilianus Transylvanus in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 215^v From the whiche Ilandes [sc. the Moluccas] they are brought [to India] in shyps or barkes made withowt any iren tooles... These barkes they caule Giunche. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China i. iii. xxi. 115 Such ships as they haue to saile long voiages be called Iuncos [Sp. juncos]. 1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 44 He went in a Iunco of the countrey in sight of the Cape Rachado. 1682 A. G. tr. M. Baudier Hist. Court King of China 64 These Vessels are of divers sorts. Some are very great, which they call Joncos [Fr. Ioncos]. β. 1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 50 One Raphael Perestrello had beene there in a Iunke [Port. junco] or barke of certaine marchants of Malaca.1629 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1624–9 (1909) 315 They keepe allways some 5 or 6 sloopes and junks trading..from porte to porte.1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 396 The Chinese..have always hideous Idols on board their Jonks or Ships.1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 233 A Dutch Jonque, or Vessel going to Amboyna.1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 332 The Chinese junks and boats..were most of them sunk.1813 J. Burney Discov. S. Sea iii. x. 255 The unwieldiness of the Chinese jonks.1853 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 1 Sept. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. i. 32 All manner of odd-looking craft; but none so odd as the Chinese Junk.1932 W. S. Maugham Narrow Corner xv. 114 The harbour was far from crowded: there were only two junks, three or four large prahus, a motor-boat and a derelict schooner.1977 S. J. Perelman Eastward Ha! vii. 100 The busy harbor traffic of sampans, junks, and water taxis, the billion candlepower of Victoria's skyscrapers.2001 R. Sterling et al. World Food: Hong Kong 94 On the last day of the year people make inscriptions of red ‘lucky paper’ and post them on doors and lintels, on the masts of junks, in elevator cars. Compounds C1. General attributive, as junk crew, junk man-of-war, junk trade, junk-type, etc. See also junkman n.¹ ΚΠ 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 27 A Iunck-man of Warre full of desperate Malabars. 1775 J. Jesse Let. 20 July in A. Dalrymple Oriental Repertory (1794) II. 2 It might divert the channel of the Junk Trade..to Balambangan. 1849 Dublin Univ. Mag. July 91/1 Look at the junk-sails, with ever so many ribs and braces. 1862 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Feb. 122/1 Any resort to force was rendered unnecessary by the junk-crew refusing to take the boat to any other port but that of Amoy. 1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan II. 320 The total junk navy is 468,750 tons. 1922 E. A. Powell Asia at Crossroads iii. v. 262 It does not control the trade in native craft, the so-called junk trade. 1988 Boating Jan. 86/3 There are still a lot of junk-type craft in the extended natural harbor encompassing Hong Kong and nearby islands. 2008 Times 5 Apr. (Travel section) 19/2 Options include booking a whole luxury lodge in South Africa or a Vietnamese traditional junk boat. C2. junk rig n. a type of sailing rig typically used on a junk, in which battens spanning the full width of the sail extend it forward of the mast. ΚΠ 1858 United Service Mag. Aug. 546 They had had the good sense to retain the customary junk-rig, so that, with her three large mat sails, she was a very manageable vessel. 2012 S. Sleight Compl. Sailing Man. (rev. ed.) 196/3 The junk rig makes it simple to hoist, trim, reef, or lower the sails. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † junkn.⁴ Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: joint n.¹; juncture n. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps reflecting a regional variant of joint n.¹ (compare sense 5 and forms at that entry), or perhaps a shortening of juncture n., although no corresponding sense is attested for this. English regional (south-western). Obsolete. A fissure or joint in the bedding of slate or other rock; = joint n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > joint joint1601 junka1705 bed-joint1747 a1705 J. Ray Itineraries in Select Remains (1760) 269 At Denbyboul, about two Miles from Tintagel, is the best Quarry of Slate in the Country... It is divided..both longways and broadways, by Cracks or Rifts, which they call Junks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). junkv. Brit. /dʒʌŋk/, U.S. /dʒəŋk/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: junk n.¹ Etymology: < junk n.¹ 1. a. transitive. Chiefly North American regional (New England and Canadian). To cut or divide into pieces or chunks; esp. to cut (a felled tree) into lengths that can be moved or stacked. Also with up. Cf. junk n.¹ 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > divide by cutting [verb (transitive)] > cut into pieces snithec725 chop?a1400 culpec1430 gobbonc1440 gobbeta1450 culpon1508 to cut up1574 share1577 junk1776 1776 G. Cartwright Jrnl. Resid. Coast Labrador 16 May (1792) II. iii. 170 The rest of the people were employed in cutting the ice round the shalloway, and in junking up the fire-wood. 1825 R. Hibbert Hints to Young Jamaica Sugar Planter 79 The old tree is junked up, and heaped round the stool where it grew. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. ii. 58 To produce a two-inch rope, and junk it into three lengths..was the work of an instant. 1872 Ipswich Jrnl. 21 June 3/5 In a pail [he] discovered the skins of two fowls answering to those lost; and in the boiler on the fire, fowls junked up with beef and onions. 1931 Sci. Amer. Jan. 12/1 In the first manufacturing operation they [sc. the tusks] are ‘junked,’ or cut across the tusk, to make blocks corresponding to the length of the pieces required for the piano keys. 1969 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 21 Sept. 5/3 Mr. Curtis took a contract to junk, or cut logs into short lengths so they could be piled and burned, on about three acres of timber. 1979 G. E. Lewis How to talk Yankee 39 Well, I was junking up that old sugar maple that got blowed down last weekend. †b. transitive. To cut off in a chunk or lump. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > in a lump junk1803 1803 R. C. Dallas Hist. Maroons II. x. 61 Six feet junked off the smaller part of the root..will yield several gallons of water. 2. transitive. To treat as junk or rubbish; to scrap, to throw away; (also more generally) to discard, abandon, get rid of. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > treat as refuse [verb (transitive)] waste-basket1889 junk1911 garbage1915 the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 1911 [implied in: Factory Apr. 269/3 With this flaming red tag attached to each defective part, there can be no excuse for any junking of material before the causes for its junking have been found out. (at junking n. 3)]. 1916 Sci. Amer. 20 May 539/3 Are you throwing away a large part of your earnings and decreasing your profits by allowing defective metal parts to be junked? 1930 Time & Tide 20 Sept. 1164 Jugo-Slavia will not disband a soldier, scrap a gunboat, or junk a gun while Italy menaces her. 1945 Reader's Digest Sept. 109/1 With nearly all its cattle behind wire, the ranch junked the oldest and most revered custom of the cow country. 1973 Times 21 Mar. 9/4 The story of a man who junked his education and went after the short-term riches of sport. 2014 Staffs. Newsletter (Nexis) 4 Sept. 55 People who junked their old games consoles are probably kicking themselves now. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.1410n.²?a1425n.³1555n.⁴a1705v.1776
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junkn.1adj.

Phrases

Compounds

† junkn.2

junkn.3

Compounds

† junkn.4

junkv.

junkn.¹adj.

† junkn.²

junkn.³

† junkn.⁴