junkanoon.

Brit.

/ˌdʒʌnkəˈnuː/, U.S.

/ˌdʒənkəˈnu/, Caribbean English

/ˈdʒɑŋkaˌnuː/,

/ˌdʒɑŋkaˈnuː/,

/ˌdʒɑŋkʊˈnuː/

Forms:

α. 1700s 1900s– John Connu, 1800s John Cunner, 1800s John-Canoe, 1800s Johnkannau, 1800s– John Canoe, 1900s– John Kanoo.

β. 1800s–1900s joncanoe, 1800s– jonkanoo, 1900s– Jan Cunnoo, 1900s– jan-kunnah, 1900s– jancunoo, 1900s– jankanu, 1900s– jankoono, 1900s– joncunnu, 1900s– jonkonnu, 1900s– jonkonoo, 1900s– juncoonu, 1900s– junkanoo, 1900s– junkonoo, 2000s– jangkunu, 2000s– jankanuu, 2000s– jonkoonoo, 2000s– jonkunu.

γ. 1800s Johnny Canoe.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from a West African language.

Etymology: Probably < a West African language.There are several suggestions for a possible origin, but none can be substantiated. The word may be < a word related to Yoruba dʒonkoliko someone set up as figure of fun or disgrace (compare Krio dʒaŋkono fool), or it may reflect an unattested Kongo phrase denoting a religious festival (containing the elements nza and kunu origin, ancestor, although the latter is only attested in regional use, not near the coast); perhaps compare nza-nkulu formerly, in the old days (nza world + nkulu old, ancient, ancestors; related to kunu ). The word has also been taken to be < an Ewe compound, either < dzɔnɔ sorcerer + kunu cause of death, or < dzoŋ´kɔ sorcerer’s name for himself + -nu man, but these both pose semantic problems in the cultural context. Variant forms. A number of the English forms show folk-etymological alteration: e.g. in the α. forms after the male forename John (see John n.; in these forms usually as two words with capital initials); in the forms John Canoe and joncanoe after canoe n. (perhaps with reference to a boat sometimes carried by the character, although this is not a canoe; compare quot. a1818). In the γ. forms with further remodelling of the first element after the male forename Johnny (see Johnny n.). With the recent form jangkunu at β. forms compare Jamaican Creole jangkunu (1968 or earlier).

Originally and chiefly Caribbean (now chiefly Bahamian).

1. A masked man dressed in costume, who forms part of a traditional Christmas celebration on various Caribbean islands (esp. Jamaica), typically as one of a group of such men parading from house to house; (sometimes) spec. the leader of such a group. Later also: a dancer at a junkanoo (sense 2). Cf. set girl n. at set n.² Additions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > persons and characters > [noun] > participant in Christmas or Tweltfh Night

wassailer1706

junkanoo1774

fool?1835

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > dances of other countries > [noun] > West Indies > dancer

junkanoo1774

1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. iii. 424 The masquerader..dances at every door, bellowing out John Connú!

1801 M. Nugent Jrnl. 25 Dec. (1907) i. 65 After Church, amuse myself very much with the strange processions, and figures called Johnny Canoes. All dance, leap and play a thousand anticks.

1861 H. A. Jacobs Incidents Life Slave Girl xxii. 179 Every child rises early on Christmas morning to see the Johnkannaus.

1972 E. Hargreaves Fair Green Weed xii. 172 John Kanoos... They're rather like old-fashioned mummers, they go round at Christmas time.

2014 Florida Keys Keynoter (Nexis) 13 Oct. Following each night's march, the Junkanoos are to perform on the main stage.

2. A traditional Caribbean festival, characterized by a parade of masked and costumed dancers accompanied by music (often including goombay drums and cow bells); spec. such a festival held annually in the Bahamas from 26th December to 31st January. Also: the style of dance or genre of music associated with such a festival.Junkanoo festivals are now also held in some parts of the United States, esp. Florida, and often include dance competitions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with Christmas

yulea900

wassailing1742

réveillon1766

junkanoo1825

quaaltagh1835

1825 R. Bickell W. Indies as they Are iii. 214 The crowds of Slaves..making John Canoe, as they term it, according to the customs of Africa.

1893 Jrnl. Inst. Jamaica 1 322/1 When Monk Lewis landed at Black River on New Year's Day, 1816, he found ‘John Canoe’ and all the rest of the negro Christmastide festivities in full swing.

1956 Caribbean Q. 4 198 Moko Jumby, the stilt dancer, is known throughout the West Indies as a feature of John Canoe and other..fetes.

1995 K. Bilby in P. Manuel et al. Caribbean Currents vii. 154 The fife-and-drum music, of mixed African and European parentage, associated with the masked dance known as jonkonnu (or ‘john canoe’) in most parts of the island [sc. Jamaica].

2016 Econ. Times (Nexis) 16 Dec. The rhythmic goombay drums, the melodic horns and the kaleidoscope of colours moving to beat: this is Bahamian national pride, this is Junkanoo.

†3. An elaborate structure, typically in the shape of a house or boat, carried or worn as a headpiece by the masked man described in sense 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with Christmas > mask, etc.

junkanoo1826

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > dress, garb > [noun] > for face or head > worn at carnivals, etc.

junkanoo1826

mask1837

1826 C. R. Williams Tour Island Jamaica 25 This [model of a] house is called the Jonkanoo.

1863 H. M. Waddell Twenty-nine Years in W. Indies & Central Afr. i. 17 Companies of young men paraded the estates, carrying a fanciful and gaily painted structure, called a ‘Johnny Canoe’, and followed by a crowd singing and beating the gomby.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive.

ΚΠ

1826 A. Barclay Pract. View Slavery W. Indies 11 One or two Joncanoe-men, smart youths, fantastically dressed.

1845 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 11 Jan. 22/1 The John Canoe parties, composed exclusively of men, are marked by frequent tumults.

1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways ix. 155 The instruments which I saw used in the John Canoe performance [were] identical with those accompanying the myal dance.

1962 S. Wynter Hills of Hebron ii. 36 The mask on the face of a ‘junkonoo’ dancer, striped black and white with slits for eyes and huge white teeth.

1966 Punch 5 Jan. 27/2 The wild revelry of the Junkanoo Parade.

2015 Guardian (Nexis) 29 Sept. My family comes from the Bahamas, where they have the Junkanoo festival. On Boxing Day at 4am there are people out in fabulous costumes and bands.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	junkanoo
释义	junkanoon. Brit. /ˌdʒʌnkəˈnuː/, U.S. /ˌdʒənkəˈnu/, Caribbean English /ˈdʒɑŋkaˌnuː/, /ˌdʒɑŋkaˈnuː/, /ˌdʒɑŋkʊˈnuː/ Forms: α. 1700s 1900s– John Connu, 1800s John Cunner, 1800s John-Canoe, 1800s Johnkannau, 1800s– John Canoe, 1900s– John Kanoo. β. 1800s–1900s joncanoe, 1800s– jonkanoo, 1900s– Jan Cunnoo, 1900s– jan-kunnah, 1900s– jancunoo, 1900s– jankanu, 1900s– jankoono, 1900s– joncunnu, 1900s– jonkonnu, 1900s– jonkonoo, 1900s– juncoonu, 1900s– junkanoo, 1900s– junkonoo, 2000s– jangkunu, 2000s– jankanuu, 2000s– jonkoonoo, 2000s– jonkunu. γ. 1800s Johnny Canoe. Origin: Probably a borrowing from a West African language. Etymology: Probably < a West African language.There are several suggestions for a possible origin, but none can be substantiated. The word may be < a word related to Yoruba dʒonkoliko someone set up as figure of fun or disgrace (compare Krio dʒaŋkono fool), or it may reflect an unattested Kongo phrase denoting a religious festival (containing the elements nza and kunu origin, ancestor, although the latter is only attested in regional use, not near the coast); perhaps compare nza-nkulu formerly, in the old days (nza world + nkulu old, ancient, ancestors; related to kunu ). The word has also been taken to be < an Ewe compound, either < dzɔnɔ sorcerer + kunu cause of death, or < dzoŋ´kɔ sorcerer’s name for himself + -nu man, but these both pose semantic problems in the cultural context. Variant forms. A number of the English forms show folk-etymological alteration: e.g. in the α. forms after the male forename John (see John n.; in these forms usually as two words with capital initials); in the forms John Canoe and joncanoe after canoe n. (perhaps with reference to a boat sometimes carried by the character, although this is not a canoe; compare quot. a1818). In the γ. forms with further remodelling of the first element after the male forename Johnny (see Johnny n.). With the recent form jangkunu at β. forms compare Jamaican Creole jangkunu (1968 or earlier). Originally and chiefly Caribbean (now chiefly Bahamian). 1. A masked man dressed in costume, who forms part of a traditional Christmas celebration on various Caribbean islands (esp. Jamaica), typically as one of a group of such men parading from house to house; (sometimes) spec. the leader of such a group. Later also: a dancer at a junkanoo (sense 2). Cf. set girl n. at set n.² Additions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > persons and characters > [noun] > participant in Christmas or Tweltfh Night wassailer1706 junkanoo1774 fool?1835 society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > dances of other countries > [noun] > West Indies > dancer junkanoo1774 1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. iii. 424 The masquerader..dances at every door, bellowing out John Connú! 1801 M. Nugent Jrnl. 25 Dec. (1907) i. 65 After Church, amuse myself very much with the strange processions, and figures called Johnny Canoes. All dance, leap and play a thousand anticks. 1861 H. A. Jacobs Incidents Life Slave Girl xxii. 179 Every child rises early on Christmas morning to see the Johnkannaus. 1972 E. Hargreaves Fair Green Weed xii. 172 John Kanoos... They're rather like old-fashioned mummers, they go round at Christmas time. 2014 Florida Keys Keynoter (Nexis) 13 Oct. Following each night's march, the Junkanoos are to perform on the main stage. 2. A traditional Caribbean festival, characterized by a parade of masked and costumed dancers accompanied by music (often including goombay drums and cow bells); spec. such a festival held annually in the Bahamas from 26th December to 31st January. Also: the style of dance or genre of music associated with such a festival.Junkanoo festivals are now also held in some parts of the United States, esp. Florida, and often include dance competitions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with Christmas yulea900 wassailing1742 réveillon1766 junkanoo1825 quaaltagh1835 1825 R. Bickell W. Indies as they Are iii. 214 The crowds of Slaves..making John Canoe, as they term it, according to the customs of Africa. 1893 Jrnl. Inst. Jamaica 1 322/1 When Monk Lewis landed at Black River on New Year's Day, 1816, he found ‘John Canoe’ and all the rest of the negro Christmastide festivities in full swing. 1956 Caribbean Q. 4 198 Moko Jumby, the stilt dancer, is known throughout the West Indies as a feature of John Canoe and other..fetes. 1995 K. Bilby in P. Manuel et al. Caribbean Currents vii. 154 The fife-and-drum music, of mixed African and European parentage, associated with the masked dance known as jonkonnu (or ‘john canoe’) in most parts of the island [sc. Jamaica]. 2016 Econ. Times (Nexis) 16 Dec. The rhythmic goombay drums, the melodic horns and the kaleidoscope of colours moving to beat: this is Bahamian national pride, this is Junkanoo. †3. An elaborate structure, typically in the shape of a house or boat, carried or worn as a headpiece by the masked man described in sense 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with Christmas > mask, etc. junkanoo1826 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > dress, garb > [noun] > for face or head > worn at carnivals, etc. junkanoo1826 mask1837 1826 C. R. Williams Tour Island Jamaica 25 This [model of a] house is called the Jonkanoo. 1863 H. M. Waddell Twenty-nine Years in W. Indies & Central Afr. i. 17 Companies of young men paraded the estates, carrying a fanciful and gaily painted structure, called a ‘Johnny Canoe’, and followed by a crowd singing and beating the gomby. Compounds General attributive and appositive. ΚΠ 1826 A. Barclay Pract. View Slavery W. Indies 11 One or two Joncanoe-men, smart youths, fantastically dressed. 1845 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 11 Jan. 22/1 The John Canoe parties, composed exclusively of men, are marked by frequent tumults. 1929 M. W. Beckwith Black Roadways ix. 155 The instruments which I saw used in the John Canoe performance [were] identical with those accompanying the myal dance. 1962 S. Wynter Hills of Hebron ii. 36 The mask on the face of a ‘junkonoo’ dancer, striped black and white with slits for eyes and huge white teeth. 1966 Punch 5 Jan. 27/2 The wild revelry of the Junkanoo Parade. 2015 Guardian (Nexis) 29 Sept. My family comes from the Bahamas, where they have the Junkanoo festival. On Boxing Day at 4am there are people out in fabulous costumes and bands. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1774
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