kidneyn.

Brit.

/ˈkɪdni/, U.S.

/ˈkɪdni/

Forms: Middle English kidenei, Middle English–1500s kydney (Middle English ? kidneye, 1500s kydne), 1500s– kidney. ? singular or plural Middle English kydnere. plural Middle English kideneiren, kydeneyren; β. Middle English kideneris, kydeneris, kidneris, kidnares, kydneers, kydners; γ. 1500s kidneies, kidneis, kydneys, kydnes, 1500s–1600s kidneyes, 1500s–1800s kidnies, 1500s– kidneys, 1600s kedneys.

Etymology: Of obscure formation. On the supposition that the singular was kid(e)nere , this has been inferred to be a compound, having as its second element Middle English nere kidney; and it has been conjectured that kid(e)- might represent Old English cwið , cwiða , or Old Norse kvið belly, womb. But this is on many grounds improbable; above all, because the ordinary singular in Middle English was in -ei , -ey , the solitary instance of kydnere , c1420 ( 1b below), being probably a plural for kydneren . It is thus possible that kidenei , plural kideneiren , had as its second element ey , plural eyren , eiren , eyre , eyer , egg n. (Compare German eier testicles.) The plural kid(e)neris might possibly owe its form to association with neres, neeres, plural of nere; the later kidneies, -neys, was a new plural from the unanalysed singular. But the first element remains uncertain.

1. One of a pair of glandular organs situated in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which excrete urine and so remove effete nitrogenous matter from the blood. Also a gland with similar functions found in some animals of lower organization. The kidneys of cattle, sheep, and pigs are an article of food.

a. singular.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > glands

liverOE

kidneyc1325

rys lumbard?c1390

fee14..

sweetbread1565

burr1573

gut-bread1893

miltz1909

prairie oyster1941

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney

reins?a1200

neera1325

kidneyc1325

reins?a1425

c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 149 L'etplen (the milte), boueles (neres), et reinoun (kidenei).

13.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 627/8 Ren, kedney.

c1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 37 The Ire in the gawle. Auaryce in the kydney.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. I.iij^v They maye be well compared to y^e kydnere, that lyeth rolled in fatte: and yet is lene in hymselfe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxxvii. 343 The right kidney in all creatures is the bigger.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 82 The stones or calculous concretions in kidney or bladder.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. ix. 293 Waiter, bring me a kidney and some stout.

b. Of doubtful number.

ΚΠ

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 10 Take þo hert and þo mydruv and þe kydnere, And hew hom smalle, as I þe lere.

c. plural.

ΚΠ

α.

a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 104 For thou haddest my kydeneyren.

a1425 [see β. ].

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxix. 22 Twey kideneris [3 MSS. kideneiren, 1382 the two reynes].

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxix. 13 And thou schalt take..the calle of the mawe, and twey kidneris [3 MSS. kideneiren, 1382 the two kydneers].

β. a1325 Prose Psalter lxxii[i]. 21 Myn kidnares [v.r. kydners] ben chaunged.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. iii. 4 Thei schulen offre twey kydeneris [v.r. kideneiren, 1382 the two reyns]. a1425² [see α. ]. γ. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Biv ^v The kydneys, les rognons.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. iii. 10 The two kydneys with the fat..and the nett on the leuer vpon the kydneys also.1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxii. 92 It driueth also the stone from the kidneies into the bladder.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 256 It is suspected to be hurtful to the Kidneys.1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 82 Affections of the bladder and kidnies.1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 424 Few remedies are so capricious in their action as those which..influence the functions of the kidneys.1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 27 Don't you think the kidneys will be spoiled if they are not eaten at once?figurative.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 50 If Heau'ns bright Torches, from Earths kedneys sup Some some what drie and heatfull Vapours vp.1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 268. ⁋2 A Youth, who officiates as the Kidney of the Coffee-house.

2. figurative.

a. Temperament, nature, constitution, disposition; hence, kind, sort, class, stamp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun]

kindeOE

i-cundeOE

mannera1225

jetc1330

colour1340

hair1387

estrete1393

gendera1398

hedea1400

savourc1400

stockc1450

toucha1500

rate1509

barrel1542

suit1548

fashion1562

special1563

stamp1573

family1598

garb1600

espece1602

kidney1602

bran1610

formality1610

editiona1627

make1660

cast1673

tour1702

way1702

specie1711

tenor1729

ilk1790

genre1816

stripe1853

persuasion1855

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. v. 106 A man of my kidney.

1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 82 Is it not better for us that are men of this kidney to have a Ruler set over us then to be left to our freedome.

1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. iii. iv. 46 This Fellow is not quite of a right Kidney, the Dog is not sound at the Bottom.

1845 tr. H. Latimer Let. in Serm. & Remains II. 312 To pronounce all to be thieves to a man, except myself, of course, and those men..that are of my own kidney.

1880 B. Disraeli Endymion I. xvii. 146 It was a large and rather miscellaneous party, but all of the right kidney.

†b. Proper condition or state, order. colloquial. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > good or bad condition or order

point?c1225

plighta1375

waya1400

ply1443

ploy1477

abyss1548

order1569

kilter1582

trim1628

tilter1674

fettle?1748

kidney1763

fix1816

1763 G. Colman in Terræ Filius 5 July 15 Attempt to put their Hair out of Kidney.

3. Something resembling a kidney in shape, etc.

†a. An ovary. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sex organs > female sex organs > [noun] > ovary

testicle1560

kidney1575

ovary1653

ovarium1668

testis1706

oophoron1833

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvi. 186 The kydneys whiche Gelders take awaye from a bytche..when they spaye hir.

b. More fully kidney potato; an oval variety of potato.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of

baker1651

Irish potato1664

sprout1771

London lady1780

ox-noble1794

pink-eye1795

kidney1796

Suriname1796

round1800

yam potato1801

bluenose1803

yam1805

bead-potato1808

Murphy1811

lumper1840

blue1845

salmon1845

merino1846

regent1846

pink1850

redskin potato1851

fluke1868

snowflake1882

magnum1889

ware1894

snowdrop1900

King Edward1902

Majestic1917

red1926

fingerling1930

Pentland1959

chipper1961

Maris Peer1963

Maris Piper1963

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato

potato1629

Rough Red1771

sprout1771

London lady1780

russet1780

ox-noble1794

pink-eye1795

kidney1796

Suriname1796

silver-skin1797

yam potato1801

bluenose1803

yam1805

bead-potato1808

lumper1840

blue1845

merino1846

regent1846

pink1850

redskin potato1851

fluke1868

mangel-wurzel potato1875

snowflake1882

snowdrop1900

pomato1905

Idaho1911

Majestic1917

red1926

Pentland1959

1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening xv. 313 The red nosed kidney (a white potato), is the present favorite.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 291/2 The earliest potato is called the Superfine White Kidney.

1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 104 The next dish..was of very small, very waxy kidney potatoes.

1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto II. 6 Kidneys or regents, my child?

†4. kidneys of wheat n. an imperfect reproduction of the Scriptural expression ‘fat of kidneys of wheat’ Deuteronomy xxxii, 14: cf. Psalm cxlvii. 14 ‘the fat of wheat’, the finest of the wheat, in allusion to the fat, and esp. the kidney-fat, as the choicest part of an animal, which was therefore offered in sacrifice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant

spelta1000

farc1420

ador?1440

flaxen wheat?1523

Peak-wheat?1523

red wheat?1523

white wheat?1523

duck-bill wheat1553

zea1562

alica1565

buck1577

amelcorn1578

horse-flower1578

tiphe1578

pollard1580

rivet1580

Saracen's corn1585

French wheat1593

Lammas-wheat1594

starch corn1597

St. Peter's corn1597

frumenty1600

secourgeon1600

polwheat1601

duck-wheat1611

kidneys of wheat1611

ograve wheat1616

soft wheat1640

cone-wheat1677

Lammas1677

Poland wheat1686

Saracen corn1687

pole rivet1707

Smyrna wheat1735

hard wheat1757

hen corn1765

velvet wheat1771

white straw1771

nonpareil1805

thick-set wheat1808

cone1826

farro1828

Polish wheat1832

velvet-ear wheat1837

sarrasin1840

mummy wheat1842

snowdrop1844

Red Fife1857

flint-wheat1859

dinkel1866

thick-set1875

spring1884

macaroni wheat1901

einkorn1904

marquis1906

durum1908

emmer1908

hedgehog wheat1909

speltoid1939

1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxxii. 14.

1663 J. Taylor Serm. Funeral Abp. Armagh 10 If the Corn dyes and lives again..in the verdure of a leaf, in the fulness of the Ear, in the Kidneys of the Wheat.

a1673 G. Swinnock in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1871) II. Ps. xxxvi. 8 [Bread] made of the kidneys of the wheat, of the finest flour.

Compounds

C1. Attributive: Of or belonging to the kidneys.

kidney disease n.

ΚΠ

1889 Sci. Amer. LXI. 48 Liver and Kidney Diseases.

kidney fat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fat or oil > [noun] > kidney fat

kidney fat1806

1806 ‘Ignotus’ Culina (ed. 3) 213 The kidney fat of a loin of veal.

1885 H. H. Hayter Carboona 3 Great virtues are attributed by the Australian aborigines to the kidney-fat of their enemies.

kidney form n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > kidney-shaped

nephroideous1682

reniform1745

kidney-shaped1758

kidney form1794

bean-shaped1836

nephroid1849

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 30 Kidney-form, or reniform, round elevations.

kidney substance n.

ΚΠ

1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 283 The capsule..cannot be removed without tearing the kidney substance.

kidney suet n.

ΚΠ

1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Jan. 181 Their skins, colour of veal kidney-suet.

kidney-tube n.

ΚΠ

1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 254 The epithelium of the kidney-tubes.

kidney-vein n.

ΚΠ

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 30/1 The fourth is the mediane, or kidney-vayne, situated belowe the foote.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 110 The pulmonary vein..is joined..before it enters the auricle by the efferent kidney veins.

b. Made of or containing kidneys.

kidney soup n.

ΚΠ

1887 Spons' Househ. Man. Index Kidney soup.

C2. Similative.

kidney-form n.

ΚΠ

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 123 They are quite different from rolled pebbles, and are often of a flattened, sometimes a kidney form.

kidney-shaped adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > kidney-shaped

nephroideous1682

reniform1745

kidney-shaped1758

kidney form1794

bean-shaped1836

nephroid1849

1758 R. Pultney in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 67 The receptacle is convex on both sides, and kidney-shaped.

1887 W. Phillips Man. Brit. Discomycetes 17 Lobes deflexed, kidney-shaped.

C3. Special combinations:

kidney-cotton n. a variety of Gossypium barbadense, a cotton plant of which the seeds are in kidney-shaped masses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > cotton-plant > types of

lump cotton1640

cotton shrub1752

kidney-cotton1789

nankeen cotton1797

sea-island1803

shrub cotton1858

tree cotton1884

Pima1914

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 1 256 I prepared a parcel of the silk, and also a parcel of the kidney, or Brazilian cotton.

kidney dressing-table n. a dressing-table with a kidney-shaped top.

ΚΠ

1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 429/3 A walnut suite with a kidney dressing-table.

1965 ‘D. Torr’ Diplomatic Cover iii. 46 She leant over her frilly kidney dressing-table.

kidney fern n. New Zealand a fern, Cardiomanes reniforme, with kidney-shaped leaves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns

mountain parsley1578

female fern1597

rock parsley1597

spleenwort1597

marsh fern1686

prickly fern1764

parsley fern1777

sensitive fern1780

lady fern1783

stone-brake1796

mountain fern1800

rock brake1802

walking leaf1811

todea1813

shield-fern1814

Woodsia1815

mangemange1817

cinnamon fern1818

climbing fern1818

bladder-fern1828

king fern1829

filmy fern1830

ostrich fern1833

New York fern1843

mokimoki1844

rhizocarp1852

film-fern1855

nardoo1860

gymnogram1861

holly-fern1861

limestone-polypody1861

elk-horn1865

Gleichenia1865

lizard's herb1866

cliff brake1867

kidney fern1867

Christmas fern1873

Prince of Wales feathers1873

Christmas shield fern1878

buckler-fern1882

crape-fern1882

stag-horn1882

ladder fern1884

oleander fern1884

stag fern1884

resam1889

lip-fern1890

coral-fern1898

bamboo fern1930

pteroid1949

fern-gale-

1867 E. Sauter tr. F. von Hochstetter New Zealand vi. 133 The singular form of the Kidney-fern (Trichomanes reniforme).

1926 J. Devanny Lenore Divine xx. 185 The kidney-fern was everywhere, sprawling over ground and trees.

1951 J. Frame Lagoon 7 My..grandmother..could find kidney fern.

1966 Encycl. N.Z. I. 645/2 The kidney fern, Cardiomanes reniforme, with undivided leaves fringed with prominent sori, is common throughout the country.

† kidney-fetch n. Obsolete = kidney-vetch n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants

peaseOE

vetchc1400

hatchet vetch1548

mock liquorice1548

scorpion's tail1548

ax-fitch1562

ax-seed1562

axwort1562

treacle clover1562

lady's finger1575

bird's-foot1578

goat's rue1578

horseshoe1578

caterpillar1597

kidney-vetch1597

horseshoe-vetch1640

goat rue1657

kidney-fetch1671

galega1685

stanch1726

scorpion senna1731

Dolichos1753

Sophora1753

partridge pea1787

bauhinia1790

coronilla1793

swamp pea-tree1796

Mysore thorn1814

devil's shoestring1817

pencil flower1817

rattlebox1817

Canavalia1828

milk plant1830

joint-vetch1836

milk pea1843

prairie clover1857

oxytrope1858

rattleweed1864

wart-herb1864

snail-flower1866

poison pea1884

masu1900

money bush1924

Townsville stylo1970

orange bird's-foot2007

1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Botanicum in Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Kidney-fetch.

kidney graft n. the operation of transplanting a kidney from one person to another (see graft n.¹ 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [noun] > organ transplantation > specific

heart transplant1952

kidney graft1962

1962 Daily Tel. 26 Nov. 1/3 (headline) Kidney graft doctor worse.

1970 Oxf. Times 16 Jan. 1/1 This is the first transplant operation to be carried out at the hospital. The other kidney graft in Oxford was at the Radcliffe Infirmary two years ago.

kidney-iron ore n. = kidney ore.

ΚΠ

1882 Econ. Geol. Illinois II. 164 We find an exposure of over twenty feet of shaly strata, with much kidney-iron ore.

kidney-link n. a coupling below the collar of the harness of a horse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > rings or loops

ringle1419

torret1429

button?1561

French buckle1691

bridge1795

dee1795

handpiece1840

pirn1846

thill-tug1859

Irish martingale1874

pipe-loop1875

kidney-link1883

1883 J. P. Groves From Cadet to Captain xxii. 223 Harnessing..Nellie's ponies..he managed to get the hames upside down, with the kidney-links on the top of the collars.

† kidney-lipped adj. Obsolete hare-lipped.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > distorted lip > hare lip

hare-lipped1607

kidney-lipped1648

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. F2^v Squint-ey'd, hook-nos'd; and lastly, Kidney-lipt.

kidney machine n. a machine for effecting hæmodialysis; = artificial kidney n. at artificial adj. and n. Compounds 2, haemodialyser n. at haemo- comb. form .

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > life-supporting equipment > [noun] > kidney machine

artificial kidney1913

dialyser1944

haemodialyser1959

kidney machine1966

1966 Daily Tel. 28 Sept. 19/4 Kidney patients would be able to use an artificial kidney machine in their own homes.

1972 Guardian 9 Feb. 20/2 Patients who rely on electrical machinery (such as kidney machines) in their homes.

kidney ore n. hæmatite occurring in kidney-shaped masses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > iron ore > specific shape

ball-mine1702

pipe ore1709

ball veina1728

kidney ore1750

1750 R. Pococke Trav. (1888) 15 Three sorts of ore, the finest is the kidney ore.

1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. I. xiii. 441 The metals appear only in kidney-ores, and present the most delusive appearances.

kidney-paved adj. paved with cobble stones.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [adjective] > paved > with specific material

pebble-paved1597

flaggeda1661

pebble-paven1821

Macadamite1824

asphalted1845

cobbled1853

cobblestoned1858

causewayed1865

stoned1869

kidney-paved1889

cobbly1891

stone-flagged1904

tar-sealed1928

tarmacked1966

1889 Daily Tel. 19 Apr. 6/4 The principal street..emerged from the kidney-paved condition and got itself macadamised.

kidney-pie n. (a) a pie containing kidneys; (b) Australian and New Zealand slang, flattery, humbug, deceit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > meat-pie

rafiolea1425

shred-pie1573

Florentine1579

marrowbone pie1595

marrow pie1598

meat pie1607

mutton pie1607

olive pie1615

venison piea1616

flesh-pie1616

veal (and ham) piea1625

godiveau1653

lumber-pie1656

mermaid pie1661

umble-pie1663

humble piea1665

trotter-pie1693

stump pie1695

mugget pie1696

pot-pie1702

squab-pie1708

pork pie1723

steak pie1723

Perigord pie1751

pasticcio1772

fidget pie1790

muggety pie1800

numble pie1822

Florentine pie1823

pastilla1834

kidney-pie1836

beef-steak pie1841

stand pie1872

Melton Mowbray1875

timbale1880

pâté en croûte1929

tourtière1953

growler1989

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 24 The kidney-pie man has just departed with his warehouse on his arm.

1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 455/1 Kidney-pie, insincere praise.

kidney-piece n. a cam with a kidney-shaped outline.

ΚΠ

1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 111 On the arbor of the annual wheel is fixed a brass cam or ‘kidney piece’.

kidney-potato n. see 3b.

kidney punch n. (see quot. 1954).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking on specific part of the body > [noun] > on the body > on the kidneys

kidney punch1896

1896 G. Ade Artie i. 3 Artie..gave him a friendly blow, known to ringside patrons as a ‘kidney-punch’.

1954 F. C. Avis Boxing Ref. Dict. 61 Kidney punch, a blow falling at the kidneys—a foul punch liable to result in disqualification.

1964 J. Burke Hard Day's Night v. 104 I know your caper. The kidney punch and the rabbit clout.

kidney-rotter n. Australian and New Zealand slang (see quot. 1958).

ΚΠ

1958 Tararua 27 The frameless pack..being more familiarly known by that elegant term, kidney-rotter.

1971 N.Z. Listener 22 Feb. 51/2 Twenty-odd years ago..we slogged along in hobnailed boots, carried ‘kidney-rotter’ packs, [etc.].

kidney stone n. a stone of a kidney shape, a cobble; spec. see quot. kidney n..

ΚΠ

1861 H. W. Bristow Gloss. Mineral. Kidney-stones, a local name for small hard nodules..washed out of the cliffs on the north shore of Weymouth.

1890 19th Cent. Nov. 842 Regimental highlows will not stand the rough kidney stones of the barrack stables for more than six months.

kidney table n. a table having a kidney-shaped top.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > dressing table

toilet1667

dressing table1668

toilet table1753

dresser1828

kidney table1845

duchesse dressing-table1863

poudreuse1902

vanity table1936

vanity1937

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. vii. 228 He was seated in an easy chair, before a kidney table at which he was writing.

kidney-vetch n. a leguminous herb ( Anthyllis vulneraria), Lady's-fingers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants

peaseOE

vetchc1400

hatchet vetch1548

mock liquorice1548

scorpion's tail1548

ax-fitch1562

ax-seed1562

axwort1562

treacle clover1562

lady's finger1575

bird's-foot1578

goat's rue1578

horseshoe1578

caterpillar1597

kidney-vetch1597

horseshoe-vetch1640

goat rue1657

kidney-fetch1671

galega1685

stanch1726

scorpion senna1731

Dolichos1753

Sophora1753

partridge pea1787

bauhinia1790

coronilla1793

swamp pea-tree1796

Mysore thorn1814

devil's shoestring1817

pencil flower1817

rattlebox1817

Canavalia1828

milk plant1830

joint-vetch1836

milk pea1843

prairie clover1857

oxytrope1858

rattleweed1864

wart-herb1864

snail-flower1866

poison pea1884

masu1900

money bush1924

Townsville stylo1970

orange bird's-foot2007

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1060 Kidney Vetch hath a stalke of the height of a cubite.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1060 The Starrie Kidney Vetch, called Stella leguminosa.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1094 Bladder Pease or Kidney Vetch of Spaine.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1094 Crooked Kidney Vetch of Candy.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Kidney-vetch and Kidney-wort, several sorts of Herbs.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Vulneraria The common yellow-flowered Vulneraria, called kidney-vetch, and ladies finger.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 331 Kidney Vetch, Anthyllis.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxv. 356 Ladies-Finger or Kidney Vetch..is not uncommon in chalky pastures.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon (Catal. Agric. Seeds) Vetch. Kidney. — Chickling.

1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea 7 The kidney vetch or lady's finger.

kidney worm n. either of two parasitic nematodes, Stephanurus dentatus, which attacks pigs, or Dioctophyma (or Dioctophyme) renale, which attacks man, dogs, and other mammals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Nemathelminthes > [noun] > class Nematoda > member of

roundworm1837

nematode1856

nematoid1865

bloodworm1872

heartworm1877

rhabdonema1886

palisade worm1888

kidney worm1893

tunnel-worm1895

nema1917

rhabditoid1937

1893 W. B. E. Miller et al. Dis. Live Stock vi. 410 Various symptoms are popularly attributed to ‘kidney worms’, especially a weakness or partial palsy of the hinder limbs, inclination to lie down, and awkwardness in the gait.

1905 G. Moussu & J. A. Dollar Dis. Cattle iii. 539 This so-called kidney worm of hogs (Sclerostoma pinguicola) should not be confounded with the kidney worm (Dioctophyme viscerale) of dogs and man.

1934 H. O. Mönnig Vet. Helminthol. & Entomol. iii. 170 The ‘kidney-worm’ of swine occurs in the perirenal fat.

1963 K. V. F. Jubb & P. C. Kennedy Pathol. Domest. Animals II. vi. 272/1 Dioctophyma renale is the giant kidney worm, the largest of parasitic nematodes... It is usually found in dogs, mink, and other fish-eating mammals, but is recorded in ox and horse.

Draft additions June 2006

kidney stone n. Medicine a hard mineral mass resembling a stone or grain of sand which may form in the kidneys by the abnormal precipitation of salts (esp. calcium oxalate) dissolved in the urine; a renal calculus.In quot. kidney n.: the condition of having a kidney stone.

ΚΠ

1874 W. H. Van Buren & E. L. Keyes Pract. Treat. Surg. Dis. Genito-urinary Organs 353 The main causes of nephralgia are very acid urine, kidney-stone [etc.].

1938 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 39 596/1 Stone Analysis. Left kidney stone, calcium oxylate, calcium magnesium phosphate, triple phosphate.

2001 J. Le Fanu They don't know what's Wrong xi. 179 The combination of excruciating pain in one or other flank, followed by red-stained urine due to the presence of blood can mean only one thing—the presence of a kidney stone being passed down the ureter into the bladder.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	kidney
释义	kidneyn. Brit. /ˈkɪdni/, U.S. /ˈkɪdni/ Forms: Middle English kidenei, Middle English–1500s kydney (Middle English ? kidneye, 1500s kydne), 1500s– kidney. ? singular or plural Middle English kydnere. plural Middle English kideneiren, kydeneyren; β. Middle English kideneris, kydeneris, kidneris, kidnares, kydneers, kydners; γ. 1500s kidneies, kidneis, kydneys, kydnes, 1500s–1600s kidneyes, 1500s–1800s kidnies, 1500s– kidneys, 1600s kedneys. Etymology: Of obscure formation. On the supposition that the singular was kid(e)nere , this has been inferred to be a compound, having as its second element Middle English nere kidney; and it has been conjectured that kid(e)- might represent Old English cwið , cwiða , or Old Norse kvið belly, womb. But this is on many grounds improbable; above all, because the ordinary singular in Middle English was in -ei , -ey , the solitary instance of kydnere , c1420 ( 1b below), being probably a plural for kydneren . It is thus possible that kidenei , plural kideneiren , had as its second element ey , plural eyren , eiren , eyre , eyer , egg n. (Compare German eier testicles.) The plural kid(e)neris might possibly owe its form to association with neres, neeres, plural of nere; the later kidneies, -neys, was a new plural from the unanalysed singular. But the first element remains uncertain. 1. One of a pair of glandular organs situated in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which excrete urine and so remove effete nitrogenous matter from the blood. Also a gland with similar functions found in some animals of lower organization. The kidneys of cattle, sheep, and pigs are an article of food. a. singular. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > glands liverOE kidneyc1325 rys lumbard?c1390 fee14.. sweetbread1565 burr1573 gut-bread1893 miltz1909 prairie oyster1941 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > kidney reins?a1200 neera1325 kidneyc1325 reins?a1425 c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 149 L'etplen (the milte), boueles (neres), et reinoun (kidenei). 13.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 627/8 Ren, kedney. c1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 37 The Ire in the gawle. Auaryce in the kydney. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. I.iij^v They maye be well compared to y^e kydnere, that lyeth rolled in fatte: and yet is lene in hymselfe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxxvii. 343 The right kidney in all creatures is the bigger. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 82 The stones or calculous concretions in kidney or bladder. View more context for this quotation 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. ix. 293 Waiter, bring me a kidney and some stout. b. Of doubtful number. ΚΠ a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 10 Take þo hert and þo mydruv and þe kydnere, And hew hom smalle, as I þe lere. c. plural. ΚΠ α. a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 104 For thou haddest my kydeneyren. a1425 [see β. ]. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxix. 22 Twey kideneris [3 MSS. kideneiren, 1382 the two reynes]. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxix. 13 And thou schalt take..the calle of the mawe, and twey kidneris [3 MSS. kideneiren, 1382 the two kydneers]. β. a1325 Prose Psalter lxxii[i]. 21 Myn kidnares [v.r. kydners] ben chaunged.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. iii. 4 Thei schulen offre twey kydeneris [v.r. kideneiren, 1382 the two reyns]. a1425² [see α. ]. γ. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Biv ^v The kydneys, les rognons.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. iii. 10 The two kydneys with the fat..and the nett on the leuer vpon the kydneys also.1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxii. 92 It driueth also the stone from the kidneies into the bladder.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 256 It is suspected to be hurtful to the Kidneys.1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 82 Affections of the bladder and kidnies.1857 E. L. Birkett Bird's Urinary Deposits (ed. 5) 424 Few remedies are so capricious in their action as those which..influence the functions of the kidneys.1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 27 Don't you think the kidneys will be spoiled if they are not eaten at once?figurative.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 50 If Heau'ns bright Torches, from Earths kedneys sup Some some what drie and heatfull Vapours vp.1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 268. ⁋2 A Youth, who officiates as the Kidney of the Coffee-house. 2. figurative. a. Temperament, nature, constitution, disposition; hence, kind, sort, class, stamp. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] kindeOE i-cundeOE mannera1225 jetc1330 colour1340 hair1387 estrete1393 gendera1398 hedea1400 savourc1400 stockc1450 toucha1500 rate1509 barrel1542 suit1548 fashion1562 special1563 stamp1573 family1598 garb1600 espece1602 kidney1602 bran1610 formality1610 editiona1627 make1660 cast1673 tour1702 way1702 specie1711 tenor1729 ilk1790 genre1816 stripe1853 persuasion1855 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. v. 106 A man of my kidney. 1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 82 Is it not better for us that are men of this kidney to have a Ruler set over us then to be left to our freedome. 1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. iii. iv. 46 This Fellow is not quite of a right Kidney, the Dog is not sound at the Bottom. 1845 tr. H. Latimer Let. in Serm. & Remains II. 312 To pronounce all to be thieves to a man, except myself, of course, and those men..that are of my own kidney. 1880 B. Disraeli Endymion I. xvii. 146 It was a large and rather miscellaneous party, but all of the right kidney. †b. Proper condition or state, order. colloquial. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > good or bad condition or order point?c1225 plighta1375 waya1400 ply1443 ploy1477 abyss1548 order1569 kilter1582 trim1628 tilter1674 fettle?1748 kidney1763 fix1816 1763 G. Colman in Terræ Filius 5 July 15 Attempt to put their Hair out of Kidney. 3. Something resembling a kidney in shape, etc. †a. An ovary. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sex organs > female sex organs > [noun] > ovary testicle1560 kidney1575 ovary1653 ovarium1668 testis1706 oophoron1833 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvi. 186 The kydneys whiche Gelders take awaye from a bytche..when they spaye hir. b. More fully kidney potato; an oval variety of potato. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of baker1651 Irish potato1664 sprout1771 London lady1780 ox-noble1794 pink-eye1795 kidney1796 Suriname1796 round1800 yam potato1801 bluenose1803 yam1805 bead-potato1808 Murphy1811 lumper1840 blue1845 salmon1845 merino1846 regent1846 pink1850 redskin potato1851 fluke1868 snowflake1882 magnum1889 ware1894 snowdrop1900 King Edward1902 Majestic1917 red1926 fingerling1930 Pentland1959 chipper1961 Maris Peer1963 Maris Piper1963 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato potato1629 Rough Red1771 sprout1771 London lady1780 russet1780 ox-noble1794 pink-eye1795 kidney1796 Suriname1796 silver-skin1797 yam potato1801 bluenose1803 yam1805 bead-potato1808 lumper1840 blue1845 merino1846 regent1846 pink1850 redskin potato1851 fluke1868 mangel-wurzel potato1875 snowflake1882 snowdrop1900 pomato1905 Idaho1911 Majestic1917 red1926 Pentland1959 1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening xv. 313 The red nosed kidney (a white potato), is the present favorite. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 291/2 The earliest potato is called the Superfine White Kidney. 1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 104 The next dish..was of very small, very waxy kidney potatoes. 1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto II. 6 Kidneys or regents, my child? †4. kidneys of wheat n. an imperfect reproduction of the Scriptural expression ‘fat of kidneys of wheat’ Deuteronomy xxxii, 14: cf. Psalm cxlvii. 14 ‘the fat of wheat’, the finest of the wheat, in allusion to the fat, and esp. the kidney-fat, as the choicest part of an animal, which was therefore offered in sacrifice. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant spelta1000 farc1420 ador?1440 flaxen wheat?1523 Peak-wheat?1523 red wheat?1523 white wheat?1523 duck-bill wheat1553 zea1562 alica1565 buck1577 amelcorn1578 horse-flower1578 tiphe1578 pollard1580 rivet1580 Saracen's corn1585 French wheat1593 Lammas-wheat1594 starch corn1597 St. Peter's corn1597 frumenty1600 secourgeon1600 polwheat1601 duck-wheat1611 kidneys of wheat1611 ograve wheat1616 soft wheat1640 cone-wheat1677 Lammas1677 Poland wheat1686 Saracen corn1687 pole rivet1707 Smyrna wheat1735 hard wheat1757 hen corn1765 velvet wheat1771 white straw1771 nonpareil1805 thick-set wheat1808 cone1826 farro1828 Polish wheat1832 velvet-ear wheat1837 sarrasin1840 mummy wheat1842 snowdrop1844 Red Fife1857 flint-wheat1859 dinkel1866 thick-set1875 spring1884 macaroni wheat1901 einkorn1904 marquis1906 durum1908 emmer1908 hedgehog wheat1909 speltoid1939 1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxxii. 14. 1663 J. Taylor Serm. Funeral Abp. Armagh 10 If the Corn dyes and lives again..in the verdure of a leaf, in the fulness of the Ear, in the Kidneys of the Wheat. a1673 G. Swinnock in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1871) II. Ps. xxxvi. 8 [Bread] made of the kidneys of the wheat, of the finest flour. Compounds C1. Attributive: Of or belonging to the kidneys. a. kidney disease n. ΚΠ 1889 Sci. Amer. LXI. 48 Liver and Kidney Diseases. kidney fat n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fat or oil > [noun] > kidney fat kidney fat1806 1806 ‘Ignotus’ Culina (ed. 3) 213 The kidney fat of a loin of veal. 1885 H. H. Hayter Carboona 3 Great virtues are attributed by the Australian aborigines to the kidney-fat of their enemies. kidney form n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > kidney-shaped nephroideous1682 reniform1745 kidney-shaped1758 kidney form1794 bean-shaped1836 nephroid1849 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 30 Kidney-form, or reniform, round elevations. kidney substance n. ΚΠ 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 283 The capsule..cannot be removed without tearing the kidney substance. kidney suet n. ΚΠ 1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Jan. 181 Their skins, colour of veal kidney-suet. kidney-tube n. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 254 The epithelium of the kidney-tubes. kidney-vein n. ΚΠ 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 30/1 The fourth is the mediane, or kidney-vayne, situated belowe the foote. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 110 The pulmonary vein..is joined..before it enters the auricle by the efferent kidney veins. b. Made of or containing kidneys. kidney soup n. ΚΠ 1887 Spons' Househ. Man. Index Kidney soup. C2. Similative. kidney-form n. ΚΠ 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 123 They are quite different from rolled pebbles, and are often of a flattened, sometimes a kidney form. kidney-shaped adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [adjective] > kidney-shaped nephroideous1682 reniform1745 kidney-shaped1758 kidney form1794 bean-shaped1836 nephroid1849 1758 R. Pultney in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 67 The receptacle is convex on both sides, and kidney-shaped. 1887 W. Phillips Man. Brit. Discomycetes 17 Lobes deflexed, kidney-shaped. C3. Special combinations: kidney-cotton n. a variety of Gossypium barbadense, a cotton plant of which the seeds are in kidney-shaped masses. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > cotton-plant > types of lump cotton1640 cotton shrub1752 kidney-cotton1789 nankeen cotton1797 sea-island1803 shrub cotton1858 tree cotton1884 Pima1914 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 1 256 I prepared a parcel of the silk, and also a parcel of the kidney, or Brazilian cotton. kidney dressing-table n. a dressing-table with a kidney-shaped top. ΚΠ 1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 429/3 A walnut suite with a kidney dressing-table. 1965 ‘D. Torr’ Diplomatic Cover iii. 46 She leant over her frilly kidney dressing-table. kidney fern n. New Zealand a fern, Cardiomanes reniforme, with kidney-shaped leaves. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns mountain parsley1578 female fern1597 rock parsley1597 spleenwort1597 marsh fern1686 prickly fern1764 parsley fern1777 sensitive fern1780 lady fern1783 stone-brake1796 mountain fern1800 rock brake1802 walking leaf1811 todea1813 shield-fern1814 Woodsia1815 mangemange1817 cinnamon fern1818 climbing fern1818 bladder-fern1828 king fern1829 filmy fern1830 ostrich fern1833 New York fern1843 mokimoki1844 rhizocarp1852 film-fern1855 nardoo1860 gymnogram1861 holly-fern1861 limestone-polypody1861 elk-horn1865 Gleichenia1865 lizard's herb1866 cliff brake1867 kidney fern1867 Christmas fern1873 Prince of Wales feathers1873 Christmas shield fern1878 buckler-fern1882 crape-fern1882 stag-horn1882 ladder fern1884 oleander fern1884 stag fern1884 resam1889 lip-fern1890 coral-fern1898 bamboo fern1930 pteroid1949 fern-gale- 1867 E. Sauter tr. F. von Hochstetter New Zealand vi. 133 The singular form of the Kidney-fern (Trichomanes reniforme). 1926 J. Devanny Lenore Divine xx. 185 The kidney-fern was everywhere, sprawling over ground and trees. 1951 J. Frame Lagoon 7 My..grandmother..could find kidney fern. 1966 Encycl. N.Z. I. 645/2 The kidney fern, Cardiomanes reniforme, with undivided leaves fringed with prominent sori, is common throughout the country. † kidney-fetch n. Obsolete = kidney-vetch n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants peaseOE vetchc1400 hatchet vetch1548 mock liquorice1548 scorpion's tail1548 ax-fitch1562 ax-seed1562 axwort1562 treacle clover1562 lady's finger1575 bird's-foot1578 goat's rue1578 horseshoe1578 caterpillar1597 kidney-vetch1597 horseshoe-vetch1640 goat rue1657 kidney-fetch1671 galega1685 stanch1726 scorpion senna1731 Dolichos1753 Sophora1753 partridge pea1787 bauhinia1790 coronilla1793 swamp pea-tree1796 Mysore thorn1814 devil's shoestring1817 pencil flower1817 rattlebox1817 Canavalia1828 milk plant1830 joint-vetch1836 milk pea1843 prairie clover1857 oxytrope1858 rattleweed1864 wart-herb1864 snail-flower1866 poison pea1884 masu1900 money bush1924 Townsville stylo1970 orange bird's-foot2007 1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Botanicum in Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Kidney-fetch. kidney graft n. the operation of transplanting a kidney from one person to another (see graft n.¹ 3). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [noun] > organ transplantation > specific heart transplant1952 kidney graft1962 1962 Daily Tel. 26 Nov. 1/3 (headline) Kidney graft doctor worse. 1970 Oxf. Times 16 Jan. 1/1 This is the first transplant operation to be carried out at the hospital. The other kidney graft in Oxford was at the Radcliffe Infirmary two years ago. kidney-iron ore n. = kidney ore. ΚΠ 1882 Econ. Geol. Illinois II. 164 We find an exposure of over twenty feet of shaly strata, with much kidney-iron ore. kidney-link n. a coupling below the collar of the harness of a horse. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > rings or loops ringle1419 torret1429 button?1561 French buckle1691 bridge1795 dee1795 handpiece1840 pirn1846 thill-tug1859 Irish martingale1874 pipe-loop1875 kidney-link1883 1883 J. P. Groves From Cadet to Captain xxii. 223 Harnessing..Nellie's ponies..he managed to get the hames upside down, with the kidney-links on the top of the collars. † kidney-lipped adj. Obsolete hare-lipped. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > distorted lip > hare lip hare-lipped1607 kidney-lipped1648 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. F2^v Squint-ey'd, hook-nos'd; and lastly, Kidney-lipt. kidney machine n. a machine for effecting hæmodialysis; = artificial kidney n. at artificial adj. and n. Compounds 2, haemodialyser n. at haemo- comb. form . ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > life-supporting equipment > [noun] > kidney machine artificial kidney1913 dialyser1944 haemodialyser1959 kidney machine1966 1966 Daily Tel. 28 Sept. 19/4 Kidney patients would be able to use an artificial kidney machine in their own homes. 1972 Guardian 9 Feb. 20/2 Patients who rely on electrical machinery (such as kidney machines) in their homes. kidney ore n. hæmatite occurring in kidney-shaped masses. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > iron ore > specific shape ball-mine1702 pipe ore1709 ball veina1728 kidney ore1750 1750 R. Pococke Trav. (1888) 15 Three sorts of ore, the finest is the kidney ore. 1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. I. xiii. 441 The metals appear only in kidney-ores, and present the most delusive appearances. kidney-paved adj. paved with cobble stones. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [adjective] > paved > with specific material pebble-paved1597 flaggeda1661 pebble-paven1821 Macadamite1824 asphalted1845 cobbled1853 cobblestoned1858 causewayed1865 stoned1869 kidney-paved1889 cobbly1891 stone-flagged1904 tar-sealed1928 tarmacked1966 1889 Daily Tel. 19 Apr. 6/4 The principal street..emerged from the kidney-paved condition and got itself macadamised. kidney-pie n. (a) a pie containing kidneys; (b) Australian and New Zealand slang, flattery, humbug, deceit. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > meat-pie rafiolea1425 shred-pie1573 Florentine1579 marrowbone pie1595 marrow pie1598 meat pie1607 mutton pie1607 olive pie1615 venison piea1616 flesh-pie1616 veal (and ham) piea1625 godiveau1653 lumber-pie1656 mermaid pie1661 umble-pie1663 humble piea1665 trotter-pie1693 stump pie1695 mugget pie1696 pot-pie1702 squab-pie1708 pork pie1723 steak pie1723 Perigord pie1751 pasticcio1772 fidget pie1790 muggety pie1800 numble pie1822 Florentine pie1823 pastilla1834 kidney-pie1836 beef-steak pie1841 stand pie1872 Melton Mowbray1875 timbale1880 pâté en croûte1929 tourtière1953 growler1989 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 24 The kidney-pie man has just departed with his warehouse on his arm. 1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 455/1 Kidney-pie, insincere praise. kidney-piece n. a cam with a kidney-shaped outline. ΚΠ 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 111 On the arbor of the annual wheel is fixed a brass cam or ‘kidney piece’. kidney-potato n. see 3b. kidney punch n. (see quot. 1954). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking on specific part of the body > [noun] > on the body > on the kidneys kidney punch1896 1896 G. Ade Artie i. 3 Artie..gave him a friendly blow, known to ringside patrons as a ‘kidney-punch’. 1954 F. C. Avis Boxing Ref. Dict. 61 Kidney punch, a blow falling at the kidneys—a foul punch liable to result in disqualification. 1964 J. Burke Hard Day's Night v. 104 I know your caper. The kidney punch and the rabbit clout. kidney-rotter n. Australian and New Zealand slang (see quot. 1958). ΚΠ 1958 Tararua 27 The frameless pack..being more familiarly known by that elegant term, kidney-rotter. 1971 N.Z. Listener 22 Feb. 51/2 Twenty-odd years ago..we slogged along in hobnailed boots, carried ‘kidney-rotter’ packs, [etc.]. kidney stone n. a stone of a kidney shape, a cobble; spec. see quot. kidney n.. ΚΠ 1861 H. W. Bristow Gloss. Mineral. Kidney-stones, a local name for small hard nodules..washed out of the cliffs on the north shore of Weymouth. 1890 19th Cent. Nov. 842 Regimental highlows will not stand the rough kidney stones of the barrack stables for more than six months. kidney table n. a table having a kidney-shaped top. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > dressing table toilet1667 dressing table1668 toilet table1753 dresser1828 kidney table1845 duchesse dressing-table1863 poudreuse1902 vanity table1936 vanity1937 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. vii. 228 He was seated in an easy chair, before a kidney table at which he was writing. kidney-vetch n. a leguminous herb ( Anthyllis vulneraria), Lady's-fingers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants peaseOE vetchc1400 hatchet vetch1548 mock liquorice1548 scorpion's tail1548 ax-fitch1562 ax-seed1562 axwort1562 treacle clover1562 lady's finger1575 bird's-foot1578 goat's rue1578 horseshoe1578 caterpillar1597 kidney-vetch1597 horseshoe-vetch1640 goat rue1657 kidney-fetch1671 galega1685 stanch1726 scorpion senna1731 Dolichos1753 Sophora1753 partridge pea1787 bauhinia1790 coronilla1793 swamp pea-tree1796 Mysore thorn1814 devil's shoestring1817 pencil flower1817 rattlebox1817 Canavalia1828 milk plant1830 joint-vetch1836 milk pea1843 prairie clover1857 oxytrope1858 rattleweed1864 wart-herb1864 snail-flower1866 poison pea1884 masu1900 money bush1924 Townsville stylo1970 orange bird's-foot2007 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1060 Kidney Vetch hath a stalke of the height of a cubite. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1060 The Starrie Kidney Vetch, called Stella leguminosa. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1094 Bladder Pease or Kidney Vetch of Spaine. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1094 Crooked Kidney Vetch of Candy. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Kidney-vetch and Kidney-wort, several sorts of Herbs. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Vulneraria The common yellow-flowered Vulneraria, called kidney-vetch, and ladies finger. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 331 Kidney Vetch, Anthyllis. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxv. 356 Ladies-Finger or Kidney Vetch..is not uncommon in chalky pastures. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon (Catal. Agric. Seeds) Vetch. Kidney. — Chickling. 1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea 7 The kidney vetch or lady's finger. kidney worm n. either of two parasitic nematodes, Stephanurus dentatus, which attacks pigs, or Dioctophyma (or Dioctophyme) renale, which attacks man, dogs, and other mammals. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Nemathelminthes > [noun] > class Nematoda > member of roundworm1837 nematode1856 nematoid1865 bloodworm1872 heartworm1877 rhabdonema1886 palisade worm1888 kidney worm1893 tunnel-worm1895 nema1917 rhabditoid1937 1893 W. B. E. Miller et al. Dis. Live Stock vi. 410 Various symptoms are popularly attributed to ‘kidney worms’, especially a weakness or partial palsy of the hinder limbs, inclination to lie down, and awkwardness in the gait. 1905 G. Moussu & J. A. Dollar Dis. Cattle iii. 539 This so-called kidney worm of hogs (Sclerostoma pinguicola) should not be confounded with the kidney worm (Dioctophyme viscerale) of dogs and man. 1934 H. O. Mönnig Vet. Helminthol. & Entomol. iii. 170 The ‘kidney-worm’ of swine occurs in the perirenal fat. 1963 K. V. F. Jubb & P. C. Kennedy Pathol. Domest. Animals II. vi. 272/1 Dioctophyma renale is the giant kidney worm, the largest of parasitic nematodes... It is usually found in dogs, mink, and other fish-eating mammals, but is recorded in ox and horse. Draft additions June 2006 kidney stone n. Medicine a hard mineral mass resembling a stone or grain of sand which may form in the kidneys by the abnormal precipitation of salts (esp. calcium oxalate) dissolved in the urine; a renal calculus.In quot. kidney n.: the condition of having a kidney stone. ΚΠ 1874 W. H. Van Buren & E. L. Keyes Pract. Treat. Surg. Dis. Genito-urinary Organs 353 The main causes of nephralgia are very acid urine, kidney-stone [etc.]. 1938 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 39 596/1 Stone Analysis. Left kidney stone, calcium oxylate, calcium magnesium phosphate, triple phosphate. 2001 J. Le Fanu They don't know what's Wrong xi. 179 The combination of excruciating pain in one or other flank, followed by red-stained urine due to the presence of blood can mean only one thing—the presence of a kidney stone being passed down the ureter into the bladder. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1325
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