kerfn.

Brit.

/kəːf/, U.S.

/kərf/

Forms: α. Old English cyrf, Middle English kyrf, Middle English kirf, 1500s kyrfe. β. Middle English–1600s kerfe, (Middle English kerff(e), Middle English– kerf, (1800s dialect curf, kurf). γ. See carf n.

Etymology: Old English cyrf , apparently < *kurƀi-, < *kurƀ- (compare Old Norse kurf-r chip, kyrfa to cut), ablaut-form of *kerƀ , stem of Old English ceorfan to carve v. Hence Middle English kirf, giving later kerf and karf; compare kernel and carnel from Middle English kirnel, Old English cyrnel. Compare (with different stem vowel) Dutch kerf, German kerb, kerbe; also Old Norse kjarf, Icelandic kerfi, bundle (of twigs, etc.), Swedish kärfve sheaf.

a. The act of cutting or carving; a cut, stroke; †power of cutting. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun]

bita1000

kerfc1000

slittingc1175

carving?c1225

chop1362

cuttinga1398

hacking1398

scissure?a1425

garsingc1440

racing?a1450

incision1474

secting1507

raze1530

chopping1548

scotching1551

hackling1564

slashing1596

carbonadoing1599

kinsing1599

insection1653

secation1656

scission1676

gash1694

inciding1694

haggling1761

cut1808

shear1809

carve1888

c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 406 ‘Ælc treow ðe ne wyrcð godne wæstm bið forcorfen...’ Be ðisum cyrfe spræc se Hælend on oðre stowe.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 152 With sondri kerf and pourtreture Thei made of goddes the figure.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvii. clxxvii. lf. 234 b/1 Þe kuttinge [of vines] schal be aslonte..so þat in þe oþer side afore þe knotte þe kerfe schal passe.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 372 ‘Kepe þe, cosyn,’ quoth þe kyng, ‘þat þou on kyrf sette’.

1892 H. Vizetelly tr. Zola Débâcle 289 Then, with a single kerf of the saw, he lopped them off.

†b. Humorous term for a company of pantry-men. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant > collectively

kerf1486

kitchenry1609

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij A Kerff of Panteris; a Credens of Seweris; an vnbrewyng of Kerueris.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. A Kerf of Panthers (among some Venatory writers), is taken for a company of Panthers.]

a. The result of cutting; the incision, notch, slit, etc., made by cutting, esp. by a saw.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision

garse?c1225

chinea1387

slit1398

incisionc1400

slivingc1400

raising?a1425

scotchc1450

racec1500

tranchec1500

kerf?1523

hack1555

slash1580

hew1596

raze1596

incutting1598

slisha1616

scar1653

lancementa1655

slap1688

slip1688

nick1692

streak1725

sneck1768

snick1775

rut1785

sliver1806

overcut1874

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiii^v Bycause it [sc.a saw] is thynne, it woll cut the narower kirfe.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 132 Cut your kerfe near to the ground, but have a care the Tree suffer not in the fall.

1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 156 The felling of such a tree must require much labour, since those of but one inch have eight or ten strokes, distinctly marked, and a very good kerf is allowed.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 99 The saw, when cutting, first takes away the wood at the two sides of the kerf, or passage which it makes.

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 121 A matter-of-fact place is a sawmill... Its great problem is how to minimize the ‘kerf’, the kerf being the track of the saw.

†b. figurative. The furrow made by a ship's keel. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > furrow or wake made by ship

kerfc1422

wakea1547

furrow1814

c1422 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 203 As a ship þat is sayllynge..Whos kerfe nat fownden is whan past is shee.

3. The place at which a tree or branch is or has been cut across; the cut end or surface either on a felled or pruned tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > felling trees > cut in tree

kerfc1420

scarf1863

undercut1883

fall notch1893

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard > cut end

kerf1869

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 190 Turne euery kirf aweyward from the grape; Lest droppyng do hit harm.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 85 A Tree..thirteen foot diameter at the Kerf, or cutting place neer the Root.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 92 One foot of Timber neer the Root (which is the proper kerfe, or cutting place) is worth three farther off.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 161 The Oaks had none of them any roots, but plainly cut off at the kerf, as is used in felling Timber.

1869 W. L. Blackley Word Gossip 161 A woodman will say that a felled tree ‘measures so and so, not counting the kurf’.

4. A piece or quantity cut off; a cutting (of anything).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a piece cut off

cutting1382

culponc1400

clipping1461

chop?1463

shearing1536

sharing?1553

chopping1558

snip1558

share1590

snipping1611

offcut1663

snippet1664

kerf1678

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. s.v. Among Woodmen Kerf signifieth a parcel of Loppings of wood.

1730 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 352 Carrying away a Kerfe of half a foot of earth.

1890 Cent. Dict. Kerf, in a cloth-shearing machine, the wool taken off in one passage through the cutter.

Compounds

†kerf-shears n.

ΚΠ

1356 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 283 [4 small] anfeldes [for goldsmiths, and 2] kerfsheres.

Derivatives

ˈkerfed adj. having kerfs or slits.

ˈkerfing-machine n. a machine for sawing kerfs in a board (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kerf
释义	kerfn. Brit. /kəːf/, U.S. /kərf/ Forms: α. Old English cyrf, Middle English kyrf, Middle English kirf, 1500s kyrfe. β. Middle English–1600s kerfe, (Middle English kerff(e), Middle English– kerf, (1800s dialect curf, kurf). γ. See carf n. Etymology: Old English cyrf , apparently < kurƀi-, < kurƀ- (compare Old Norse kurf-r chip, kyrfa to cut), ablaut-form of kerƀ , stem of Old English ceorfan* to carve v. Hence Middle English kirf, giving later kerf and karf; compare kernel and carnel from Middle English kirnel, Old English cyrnel. Compare (with different stem vowel) Dutch kerf, German kerb, kerbe; also Old Norse kjarf, Icelandic kerfi, bundle (of twigs, etc.), Swedish kärfve sheaf. 1. a. The act of cutting or carving; a cut, stroke; †power of cutting. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] bita1000 kerfc1000 slittingc1175 carving?c1225 chop1362 cuttinga1398 hacking1398 scissure?a1425 garsingc1440 racing?a1450 incision1474 secting1507 raze1530 chopping1548 scotching1551 hackling1564 slashing1596 carbonadoing1599 kinsing1599 insection1653 secation1656 scission1676 gash1694 inciding1694 haggling1761 cut1808 shear1809 carve1888 c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 406 ‘Ælc treow ðe ne wyrcð godne wæstm bið forcorfen...’ Be ðisum cyrfe spræc se Hælend on oðre stowe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 152 With sondri kerf and pourtreture Thei made of goddes the figure. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvii. clxxvii. lf. 234 b/1 Þe kuttinge [of vines] schal be aslonte..so þat in þe oþer side afore þe knotte þe kerfe schal passe. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 372 ‘Kepe þe, cosyn,’ quoth þe kyng, ‘þat þou on kyrf sette’. 1892 H. Vizetelly tr. Zola Débâcle 289 Then, with a single kerf of the saw, he lopped them off. †b. Humorous term for a company of pantry-men. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant > collectively kerf1486 kitchenry1609 1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij A Kerff of Panteris; a Credens of Seweris; an vnbrewyng of Kerueris. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. A Kerf of Panthers (among some Venatory writers), is taken for a company of Panthers.] 2. a. The result of cutting; the incision, notch, slit, etc., made by cutting, esp. by a saw. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision garse?c1225 chinea1387 slit1398 incisionc1400 slivingc1400 raising?a1425 scotchc1450 racec1500 tranchec1500 kerf?1523 hack1555 slash1580 hew1596 raze1596 incutting1598 slisha1616 scar1653 lancementa1655 slap1688 slip1688 nick1692 streak1725 sneck1768 snick1775 rut1785 sliver1806 overcut1874 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiii^v Bycause it [sc.a saw] is thynne, it woll cut the narower kirfe. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 132 Cut your kerfe near to the ground, but have a care the Tree suffer not in the fall. 1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 156 The felling of such a tree must require much labour, since those of but one inch have eight or ten strokes, distinctly marked, and a very good kerf is allowed. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 99 The saw, when cutting, first takes away the wood at the two sides of the kerf, or passage which it makes. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 121 A matter-of-fact place is a sawmill... Its great problem is how to minimize the ‘kerf’, the kerf being the track of the saw. †b. figurative. The furrow made by a ship's keel. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > furrow or wake made by ship kerfc1422 wakea1547 furrow1814 c1422 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 203 As a ship þat is sayllynge..Whos kerfe nat fownden is whan past is shee. 3. The place at which a tree or branch is or has been cut across; the cut end or surface either on a felled or pruned tree. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > felling trees > cut in tree kerfc1420 scarf1863 undercut1883 fall notch1893 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard > cut end kerf1869 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 190 Turne euery kirf aweyward from the grape; Lest droppyng do hit harm. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 85 A Tree..thirteen foot diameter at the Kerf, or cutting place neer the Root. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 92 One foot of Timber neer the Root (which is the proper kerfe, or cutting place) is worth three farther off. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 161 The Oaks had none of them any roots, but plainly cut off at the kerf, as is used in felling Timber. 1869 W. L. Blackley Word Gossip 161 A woodman will say that a felled tree ‘measures so and so, not counting the kurf’. 4. A piece or quantity cut off; a cutting (of anything). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a piece cut off cutting1382 culponc1400 clipping1461 chop?1463 shearing1536 sharing?1553 chopping1558 snip1558 share1590 snipping1611 offcut1663 snippet1664 kerf1678 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. s.v. Among Woodmen Kerf signifieth a parcel of Loppings of wood. 1730 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 352 Carrying away a Kerfe of half a foot of earth. 1890 Cent. Dict. Kerf, in a cloth-shearing machine, the wool taken off in one passage through the cutter. Compounds †kerf-shears n. ΚΠ 1356 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 283 [4 small] anfeldes [for goldsmiths, and 2] kerfsheres. Derivatives ˈkerfed adj. having kerfs or slits. ˈkerfing-machine n. a machine for sawing kerfs in a board (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1000
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