killedadj.

Brit.

/kɪld/, U.S.

/kɪld/

Etymology: < kill v. + -ed suffix¹.

a. Deprived of life; put to death. Usually of meat, with qualifying word, as fresh-killed, country-killed, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [adjective]

killedc1440

slaughter1535

the world > life > death > killing > [adjective] > killed

slaina1225

mortificatea1425

killedc1440

murderedc1450

amortizeda1626

unlived1626

fallen1871

outed1919

zapped1962

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 274/2 Kyllyd, interfectus.

1812 Examiner 5 Oct. 628/1 We have found here 2000 killed or amputated Russians.

1886 Daily News 16 Sept. 2/5 The small supply of fresh killed meat.

1887 Daily News 11 May 2/6 The heaviest decline being on country-killed beef.

b. with adv. (In quot. 1825 as n.)

ΚΠ

1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 84 The deaths of Jefferies's killed-off were speedy.

c. Medicine. Applied to bacteria and viruses that have been killed or rendered non-infectious, and hence to preparations containing them.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > others

superinfected1897

spinal1900

auxanographic1905

turbidimetric1911

pre-experimental1917

superinfecting1918

killed1919

pretreated1925

micrurgical1927

bursectomized1928

ultrafilterable1928

microinjected1938

alloxanic1950

microinjecting1951

superfused1953

sterile-male1959

sham-operated1963

transfected1964

perifused1969

zeugmatographic1973

1919 Med. Ann. XXXVII. 493 A special series of vaccines have been prepared... They are standardized emulsions in normal saline of killed bacteria.

1925 J. W. Bigger Handbk. Bacteriol. xiii. 152 Workers have found it possible to immunize monkeys against experimental pneumonia by the intratracheal inoculation of killed cultures.

1930 Syst. Bacteriol. (Med. Res. Council) VII. vii. 117 There remains a considerable doubt whether immunity..can be produced by the use of killed virus.

1964 M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxv. 385 The killed vaccine [of poliomyelitis] does not necessarily prevent subsequent intestinal infection, but it evokes sufficient neutralizing antibodies to prevent the viræmia which precedes central nervous system involvement.

1964 H. Jolly Dis. Children xvi. 343 Salk vaccine is a killed preparation containing all three types of virus.

1971 P. B. Beeson & W. McDermot Cecil-Loeb Text-bk. Med. (ed. 13) 416/2 Killed poliomyelitis vaccine is now used very infrequently.

a. Of a substance: Deprived of active property.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to reactivity > deprived of active property

killed1894

1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 5 Chloride of zinc (killed spirits of salt).

1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 7 Soldering with chloride of zinc (‘killed spirits’, ‘soldering fluid’).

b. Metallurgy. Of steel: treated when molten so as to prevent the evolution of oxygen on solidification and the consequent formation of blow-holes (now done by adding a reducing agent).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [adjective] > processed in other manners

overblown1879

killed1884

cogged1888

fluid-compressed1888

sorbitized1927

flat-rolled1935

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xviii. 425 When the metal throws out sparks or teems fiery, it is said not to be ‘killed’, and it is indicative of the metal not having been sufficiently long in the fire after fusion, and such steel will yield unsound or honey-combed ingots.

1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 114 406 In the application of titanium to killed steel the conditions are entirely different, and a complete absence of gas evolution as well as the maximum degree of deoxidation are generally desired.

1935 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 39 1121 Scientific metallurgists would like to see all steels fully killed,..but economic considerations at present compel the manufacture of rimming and partly-killed steel.

1970 A. Cibula in O. Kubaschewski et al. Gases & Metals ii. 31 Small amounts of hydrogen and nitrogen are detected, and in killed ingots these gases predominate over carbon dioxide.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	killed
释义	killedadj. Brit. /kɪld/, U.S. /kɪld/ Etymology: < kill v. + -ed suffix¹. 1. a. Deprived of life; put to death. Usually of meat, with qualifying word, as fresh-killed, country-killed, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [adjective] killedc1440 slaughter1535 the world > life > death > killing > [adjective] > killed slaina1225 mortificatea1425 killedc1440 murderedc1450 amortizeda1626 unlived1626 fallen1871 outed1919 zapped1962 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 274/2 Kyllyd, interfectus. 1812 Examiner 5 Oct. 628/1 We have found here 2000 killed or amputated Russians. 1886 Daily News 16 Sept. 2/5 The small supply of fresh killed meat. 1887 Daily News 11 May 2/6 The heaviest decline being on country-killed beef. b. with adv. (In quot. 1825 as n.) ΚΠ 1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 84 The deaths of Jefferies's killed-off were speedy. c. Medicine. Applied to bacteria and viruses that have been killed or rendered non-infectious, and hence to preparations containing them. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > others superinfected1897 spinal1900 auxanographic1905 turbidimetric1911 pre-experimental1917 superinfecting1918 killed1919 pretreated1925 micrurgical1927 bursectomized1928 ultrafilterable1928 microinjected1938 alloxanic1950 microinjecting1951 superfused1953 sterile-male1959 sham-operated1963 transfected1964 perifused1969 zeugmatographic1973 1919 Med. Ann. XXXVII. 493 A special series of vaccines have been prepared... They are standardized emulsions in normal saline of killed bacteria. 1925 J. W. Bigger Handbk. Bacteriol. xiii. 152 Workers have found it possible to immunize monkeys against experimental pneumonia by the intratracheal inoculation of killed cultures. 1930 Syst. Bacteriol. (Med. Res. Council) VII. vii. 117 There remains a considerable doubt whether immunity..can be produced by the use of killed virus. 1964 M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxv. 385 The killed vaccine [of poliomyelitis] does not necessarily prevent subsequent intestinal infection, but it evokes sufficient neutralizing antibodies to prevent the viræmia which precedes central nervous system involvement. 1964 H. Jolly Dis. Children xvi. 343 Salk vaccine is a killed preparation containing all three types of virus. 1971 P. B. Beeson & W. McDermot Cecil-Loeb Text-bk. Med. (ed. 13) 416/2 Killed poliomyelitis vaccine is now used very infrequently. 2. a. Of a substance: Deprived of active property. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to reactivity > deprived of active property killed1894 1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 5 Chloride of zinc (killed spirits of salt). 1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 7 Soldering with chloride of zinc (‘killed spirits’, ‘soldering fluid’). b. Metallurgy. Of steel: treated when molten so as to prevent the evolution of oxygen on solidification and the consequent formation of blow-holes (now done by adding a reducing agent). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [adjective] > processed in other manners overblown1879 killed1884 cogged1888 fluid-compressed1888 sorbitized1927 flat-rolled1935 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xviii. 425 When the metal throws out sparks or teems fiery, it is said not to be ‘killed’, and it is indicative of the metal not having been sufficiently long in the fire after fusion, and such steel will yield unsound or honey-combed ingots. 1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 114 406 In the application of titanium to killed steel the conditions are entirely different, and a complete absence of gas evolution as well as the maximum degree of deoxidation are generally desired. 1935 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 39 1121 Scientific metallurgists would like to see all steels fully killed,..but economic considerations at present compel the manufacture of rimming and partly-killed steel. 1970 A. Cibula in O. Kubaschewski et al. Gases & Metals ii. 31 Small amounts of hydrogen and nitrogen are detected, and in killed ingots these gases predominate over carbon dioxide. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1440
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