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单词 kine-
释义

† kine-comb. form1

Forms: Old English cene- (rare), Old English cyni- (rare), Old English cyny- (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English cine-, Old English–early Middle English cyne-, Old English–early Middle English kyne-, Old English (rare)–Middle English kine-, early Middle English cune-, early Middle English kene-, early Middle English kini-, early Middle English kinne-, early Middle English kune-, Middle English kin-.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old High German kuni- (in kunirīhhi kinrik n.), and also Old Icelandic (poetic and rare) konr kinsman, descendant, son, man < the same Germanic base as kin n.1, although in meaning closely associated with the (ultimately related) base of king n. (compare discussion at that entry). Compare kindom n., kinely adj., kine-wurthe adj., kinrik n.The Germanic base. The combining form continues a form of the Germanic base with -i- rather than -j- in the suffix (Old Icelandic konr is an i -stem) and therefore (in Old English) shows i-mutation but not gemination of the stem-final consonant (contrast the Old English neuter ja -stem cynn kin n.1). Although apparently attested only as a combining form in West Germanic, certain seemingly anomalous formations (e.g. kinely adj., kine-wurthe adj.), as well as nominal use of the same base in North Germanic, perhaps point to original use as a noun synonymous with king n. Use in names. The base is a common element in Germanic personal names (especially in Old English and Old High German), and is apparently of considerable age; compare e.g. Old English Cynebeald , Cynebeorht , Cynegȳþ , Cynemund , Cynewulf , Old High German Chunipald , Chunibert , Cunigund , Chunimunt , Early Runic kunimudiu (dative singular), Gepid (in Latinized form) Cuniemundus , the latter as the name of the leader of a 6th-cent. Germanic tribe. Lexical use; relationship with king n. As the first element in lexical compounds the word is synonymous with king n. used in the same way; compare Old English cynerīce kinrik n. with cyningrīce kingrik n., and the respective Old High German cognates kunirīhhi and kuningrīhhi . However, in Old High German the element kuni- is not securely attested in lexical use outside the compound kunirīhhi , while compounds in kuning- are otherwise well attested. In Old English, on the other hand, the combining form cyne- is very well attested and is apparently often preferred over compounds with cyning- (compare discussion at kingdom n.); it also continues to be productive in early Middle English. It survives into modern English in two words, kinrik n. and kindom n., but in these it was probably already in later Middle English apprehended as a variant form of king n. In the course of Middle English, formations in kine- comb. form1 were superseded by formations with king n. as first element. However, it is unclear in individual cases whether king n. was substituted for kine- comb. form1 or whether the corresponding formation with king n., although less well represented in extant sources, had always existed alongside; compare especially kindom n. beside kingdom n. (the latter may be inherited from Germanic), and also Old English cynecynn beside cyningcynn , both in sense ‘royal family’ (with the second element compare kin n.1). Conversely, some early compounds in cyning- , although themselves rare, have no attested corresponding formations in cyne- , e.g. cyningfeorm food rent due to the king, cyningstān (apparently) an important piece in a board game. Several Old English formations, in addition to those mentioned above, have a corresponding compound with kuning- in Old High German: with kine-helm n. compare Old High German kuninghelm ; with kine-stool n. compare Old High German kuningstuol . Compare also kinely adj. Antiquarian and historical use. Occasional Old English formations have subsequently been revived in antiquarian and historical use in archaic spelling; compare the form cynestole in quot. 1872 for kine-stool n. , and also cynebot n. Parallel formation. With use as a combining form in Old English perhaps compare dryht- (see dright n.1, drightin n.), widely used in sense ‘noble’ or ‘princely’ in poetic compounds, as dryhtcwēn noble queen, dryhtlēoþ noble song, dryhtmāþm princely treasure, etc., and also as the first element in personal names, as Dryhtbeald, Dryhtbeorht, Dryhthelm, etc.
Obsolete.
Forming nouns and adjectives (and related adverbs), with the sense ‘of or relating to a king; kingly, royal’.
kine-bairn n. a child of royal birth; a king's son.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > child of royal birth
kine-bairnOE
infantado1659
OE Andreas (1932) 566 Synnige ne mihton oncnawan þæt cynebearn, se ðe acenned wearð to hleo ond to hroðre hæleða cynne, eallum eorðwarum.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 654 Her Oswiu ofsloh Pendan on Winwidfelda & xxx cynebearna mid him, & þa wæron sume ciningas.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 47 (MED) Seinte Marie..bar hire holie cunebern.
a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 273 Kine bearn..of dauiðes kin.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 626 Þer scal of þine cunne kine-bearn [c1300 Otho kinebern] arisen.
kine-bench n. a throne.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne
kine-settleeOE
kine-stoolOE
kine-seatc1175
seatc1175
siege?c1225
kine-benchc1275
seec1300
thronec1300
solera1340
soliec1400
propitiatory1603
soliuma1806
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4833 Þus seide þe king...þer he sæt..an his kine-benche [c1300 Otho on his benche].
kine-born adj. of royal birth; royal.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > royally born
kinelyeOE
kine-bornOE
purpurate1669
king-born1670
born to (also in) (the) purple1681
porphyrogenea1849
throne-born1855
porphyry-borna1940
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 44 Þa wæs on Rome byrig sum cyneboren mæden, Basilla gehaten, on hæðenscype wunigende.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 944 Her Ædmund cyning geeode ealle Norðhymbre & ut aflymde twegen cyneborene mæn [OE Parker cyningas] Anlaf & Regnald.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11049 Þer come þreo ibroðeren þe weore kiniborne [c1300 Otho kinebore].
kine-burgh n. a royal city.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > city > [noun] > other types of city
kine-burghc1225
City of Goda1382
city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425
mother city?a1425
imperial city1550
city dwelling1613
second city1621
out-city1642
garden town1835
hoard-burg1895
garden city1898
cathedral city1902
parasitopolis1927
twin city1973
arcology1985
sustainable city1986
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 862 Vnder þis com þe þurs Max..aȝein to his kineburh.
kine-earth n. a kingdom.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 9696 He..lette bede ferde oueral [read ouer al] his kine-erþe [c1275 Calig. kine-ærde].
kine-erd n. a kingdom.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9696 He..lette bede ferde ouer al his kine-ærde [c1300 Otho kine-erþe].
kine-helm n. (a) a crown, a diadem; also figurative; (b) royal power, sovereignty.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > crown
kine-helmOE
crownOE
diademc1290
garlandc1330
circlea1340
OE Blickling Homilies 23 Hie hine swungon..& þa wundan beag of þornum & him setton on heafod for cynehelme.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 20 Ðas feower mægenu habbað ænne kynehelm [c1175 Bodl. 343 kynehelm], þæt is seo soðe lufu, godes, and manna.
OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 303 Diadema, kynehelm.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9061 Nim þu þene kine-halm [c1300 Otho kinedom].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3372 He his kinehelm [c1300 Otho croune] on-feng.
kine-land n. a kingdom.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 93 He wes king & heo quen & kine-lond heo welden.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1262 Heo ȝef Madan an hond al his fader kine-lond.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 11204 Þou salt wonie in worsipe þine, in þine kinelonde [c1275 Calig. kine-dome] and þin rihte icunde.
kine-lord n. a royal lord; a king.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun]
rexeOE
kingeOE
lede kingOE
kine-lordOE
rayc1440
sceptre-state1598
OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 270 Gif se woruldlica cyning winð wið his leoda, and þa leoda wiðeriað wið heora cynehlaford, þonne cymð heora sacu him to aworpennysse.
lOE Dispute between Bp. Godwine & Leofwine (Sawyer 1456) in A. Campbell Charters of Rochester (1973) 54 Se biscop Godwine com to ðam biscopstole þurh hæse his cynehlafordes Æðelredes cynges æfter Ælfstanes forðsiþe biscopes.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1251 For Locrines lufe þe wes hire kine-louerd.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4902 Þu ært me swa leof swa mi kine-lauerd [c1300 Otho cune-louerd].
kine-mark n. a mark or birthmark indicating royal birth; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > mark indicating royal birth
kine-markc1225
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 41 Feire þu were imerked heie on þine heafde [mid þ]en holie ele; þu hauest kinemerke.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 604 On his rith shuldre a kyne merk.
kine-meed n. a royal reward.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 179 Tu schalt..to curt cumen soððen, & kinemede ikepen.
kine-moot n. a royal council.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of deliberative or legislative assembly > [noun] > assembly held by sovereign
hustinga1030
court1154
kine-mootc1225
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 903 Ant te king heold þa of þis meiden his kinemotes.
kine-ring n. a ring belonging to the king; a royal ring.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > specific
kine-ringc1225
regal of Scotland1543
uraeus1832
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > ring > [noun] > other types of ring
kine-ringc1225
pontificala1500
hoop-ring1545
death's head1577
ring of remembrance1659
serjeant's ring1690
garter-ring1709
bath-ring1771
solitaire1832
regard ring1853
key ring1856
bodylet1870
portrait ring1877
tower-ring1877
whistle-ring1877
marquise1885
princess-ring1886
dinner ring1890
cluster ring1897
eternity ring1939
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 184 Þe keiser..sende iseelede writes wið his ahne kinering.
kine-seat n. a throne.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne
kine-settleeOE
kine-stoolOE
kine-seatc1175
seatc1175
siege?c1225
kine-benchc1275
seec1300
thronec1300
solera1340
soliec1400
propitiatory1603
soliuma1806
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2224 Þatt illke kinesæte. Þatt dauið king hiss faderr held.
kine-settle n. a throne.In quot. eOE in extended use with reference to the imperial capital and seat of power in the realm.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne
kine-settleeOE
kine-stoolOE
kine-seatc1175
seatc1175
siege?c1225
kine-benchc1275
seec1300
thronec1300
solera1340
soliec1400
propitiatory1603
soliuma1806
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. vii. 64 Bizantium..is nu þæt hehste cynesetl [L. imperii sedes] & heafod ealles eastrices.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 22 Seo sawul is þæs lichoman hlæfdige, and heo gewissað þa fif andgitu þæs lichaman, swa swa of cynesætle [c1175 Bodl. 343 kynesetle].
OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 302 Þæs cyninges rihtwisnyss arærð his cynesetl [a1225 Lamb. 487 kine setle].
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 22 He set o kine-seotle.
kine-shroud n. royal clothing or robes.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > robes
kine-shrouda1250
Dalmatical1599
colobium1603
pluvial1621
pall1643
Dalmatic robe1838
Dalmatic1855
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > royal robe > robes
kine-shrouda1250
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 Þu ham ȝiuest kinescrud, beies & gold ringes.
kine-stool n. a throne.In quot. 1872 in historical use in a deliberately archaic form.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > throne
kine-settleeOE
kine-stoolOE
kine-seatc1175
seatc1175
siege?c1225
kine-benchc1275
seec1300
thronec1300
solera1340
soliec1400
propitiatory1603
soliuma1806
OE Crist III 1216 Þonne Crist siteð on his cynestole, on heahsetle.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 20 Ðæt cydde þe casere þam kynge Archelau..; he sette ut of kynestole & sende hine on wræcsiðe.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 192 (MED) Of one stable was is halle, is kenestol [L. tronus] on occe stalle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2254 Stille he wes iswoȝen on his kine-stole.
1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 208 Eardulf..was ‘blessed to king, and raised to his cynestole by Archbishop Eanbald.’
kine-thede n. a kingdom.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11128 Arður letten beoden ȝeond al his kine-þeoden [c1300 Otho kineþeode].
kine-yard n. a sceptre; (also figurative) royal power.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > sceptre
kine-yardOE
wandc1330
sceptrea1340
king's wanda1400
king wanda1400
sceptre-wandc1485
mace1559
sceptre-staff1842
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 289 Þa nolde se hælend his ðegen forlætan, ac gesibbode þæt folc sona þæs on merien, þæt hi to ðæs caseres cynegyrde gebugon.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 20 Heo unðances sceoldon buȝan þam casere, to his kyneȝyrde.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8182 & himm wass sett inn hiss rihht hannd An dere kineȝerrde.
a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 207 (MED) Ich bide þe..bi þe þornene crununge, bi ðe kineȝerde of rode him of scornunge.
a1350 ( in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 16 Hii..token a kyne-ȝerde (so me kyng sholde) to deme.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

kine-comb. form2

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Some degree of stress is always maintained on the first syllable, e.g. kinegraph Brit. /ˈkɪnᵻɡrɑːf/, /ˈkɪnᵻɡraf/, U.S. /ˈkɪnəˌɡræf/.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: cine- comb. form.
Etymology: Variant of cine- comb. form, with substitution of k for c after the (ultimate) Greek etymon.Formations are found from the end of the 19th cent.
Now rare (chiefly historical).
= cine- comb. form (in various senses).
ΚΠ
1899 Daily Chron. 31 Aug. 3/2 The British Museum authorities have made arrangements for the safe custody of kinenegatives dealing with events of national importance.
1913 Exhibitors' Times 31 May 21/1 Toning in colors, ‘Agfa’ kine film.
1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 603/2 The kinegraph registers the short intake of the breath marking his embarrassment.
1927 Bulletin 12 Aug. 14/2 An enthusiast for the kine camera.
1928 Daily Express 28 Mar. 13 He has turned the music-hall into a home of kine-variety.
1959 Listener 3 Sept. 356/2 Kine-recordings are used in large numbers to help distribution.
1974 Art Direction Feb. 77/2 The commercial is then released on videotape or a kine film print is made.
2011 B. Yecies & A.-G. Shim Korea's Occupied Cinemas, 1893–1948 iii. 68 One of the earliest Korean films, Righteous Revenge,..a multimedia ‘kine-o-rama’, was made in 1919.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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comb. form1eOEcomb. form21899
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