laborousadj.

Brit.

/ˈleɪb(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/ˈleɪbərəs/

Forms: late Middle English labarows, late Middle English labores, late Middle English laborose, late Middle English laborows, late Middle English laborowse, late Middle English–1500s laberous, late Middle English–1500s laborouse, late Middle English–1500s laborus, late Middle English– laborous, late Middle English– labourous; also Scottish pre-1700 laboros, pre-1700 lauborous, pre-1700 lauborus, pre-1700 laubourous, pre-1700 laubourus, 1700s lab'rous, 1800s– lawborous.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French laboureux.

Etymology: < Middle French laboureux difficult (early 13th cent. in Old French as laboros ) < labour labour n. + -eux -ous suffix. Compare Spanish laboroso (early 15th cent.; rare). Compare slightly earlier laborious adj.

= laborious adj. (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or laborious

strongc1175

travailousa1382

laborousc1405

laboriousc1410

travailsome1549

laboursome1551

rigorousa1564

Herculean1594

surly1609

Augean1724

dreich1804

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome

soreOE

workfulOE

hardOE

torc1175

beswinkfulc1230

heavya1325

sweatyc1374

travailousa1382

laboriousa1393

laborousc1405

winful1443

painfulc1480

toilous1530

operousa1538

drudging1548

travailsome1549

laboursome1551

moilingc1566

toilsome?1570

toilful1573

sweating1592

insudate1609

sweatfula1618

moliminous1656

operose1659

swinking1693

schleppy1978

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Friar's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 128 Myn office is ful laborous [Corpus MS. laborious].

c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 141 (MED) Huntyng, haukyng, and fowlyng be so laborous & greuous þat non of them may performe to enduce a man to a mery spryȝt.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 958 His laubourous mynd on othir materis wrocht.

a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 990 in Poems (1899) 87 Be ye therin right laberous.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 125 (MED) Wheþer all laborose þinges be not to be suffrid for euerlasting lif?

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. vi. l. 201 How thou may al lauborus payn sustene.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. f. 72 We nede not a longer or more laborous profe.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 266 For husbands life is labourous and hard.

1593 Hill's Profitable Arte Gardening (new ed.) 3 Then must you dig a pit (although y^e same wil be very labourous).

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 153 Why should we undertake the laborous business of dividing the world into equal partitions?

1681 T. Delaune & B. Keach Τροπολογία ii. 16 A husbandman that hath in his house, a faithful, labourous, an experienced servant, highly prizes him.

1704 London Gaz. No. 4057/3 After a labourous..March.

1782 T. Vaughan Fashionable Follies (new ed.) I. 67 Reading and writing..were too laborous [1810 (ed. 2) laborious] for the nerves of a man of fashion.

1836 J. Galt Demon of Destiny (1839) 82 Though low and laborous your lot be cast.

1876 Times 20 Dec. 5/5 If there was any remission of the labourous toil of these mountain tenants, who were very poor, though very industrious, the soil returned to its original sterility.

1914 Calif. Law Rev. 2 199 The judicial interpretation and harmonizing of these laws is a matter of a great many years of laborous development.

1963 in T. Morris & P. Morris Pentonville 361 Getting chucked out of the pub when it was about to be closed he used to make his labourous if not unsteady way back home.

2003 Evolution 57 677/1 Measurement of tolerance is laborous. It is difficult to find traits that work as good proxies for tolerance.

Derivatives

† laborousness n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or laboriousness

laborousness1530

laboursomeness1573

laboriosity1656

laboriousnessa1682

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > laboriousness

painfulnessa1530

laborousness1530

laboriousness1538

laboursomeness1573

toilsomeness1577

operosity1615

laboriosity1656

laborosity1656

operoseness1664

ponderousness1801

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 237/1 Labourousnesse, laboriosité.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	laborous
释义	laborousadj. Brit. /ˈleɪb(ə)rəs/, U.S. /ˈleɪbərəs/ Forms: late Middle English labarows, late Middle English labores, late Middle English laborose, late Middle English laborows, late Middle English laborowse, late Middle English–1500s laberous, late Middle English–1500s laborouse, late Middle English–1500s laborus, late Middle English– laborous, late Middle English– labourous; also Scottish pre-1700 laboros, pre-1700 lauborous, pre-1700 lauborus, pre-1700 laubourous, pre-1700 laubourus, 1700s lab'rous, 1800s– lawborous. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French laboureux. Etymology: < Middle French laboureux difficult (early 13th cent. in Old French as laboros ) < labour labour n. + -eux -ous suffix. Compare Spanish laboroso (early 15th cent.; rare). Compare slightly earlier laborious adj. = laborious adj. (in various senses). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or laborious strongc1175 travailousa1382 laborousc1405 laboriousc1410 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 rigorousa1564 Herculean1594 surly1609 Augean1724 dreich1804 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome soreOE workfulOE hardOE torc1175 beswinkfulc1230 heavya1325 sweatyc1374 travailousa1382 laboriousa1393 laborousc1405 winful1443 painfulc1480 toilous1530 operousa1538 drudging1548 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 moilingc1566 toilsome?1570 toilful1573 sweating1592 insudate1609 sweatfula1618 moliminous1656 operose1659 swinking1693 schleppy1978 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Friar's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 128 Myn office is ful laborous [Corpus MS. laborious]. c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 141 (MED) Huntyng, haukyng, and fowlyng be so laborous & greuous þat non of them may performe to enduce a man to a mery spryȝt. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 958 His laubourous mynd on othir materis wrocht. a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 990 in Poems (1899) 87 Be ye therin right laberous. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 125 (MED) Wheþer all laborose þinges be not to be suffrid for euerlasting lif? a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. vi. l. 201 How thou may al lauborus payn sustene. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. f. 72 We nede not a longer or more laborous profe. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 266 For husbands life is labourous and hard. 1593 Hill's Profitable Arte Gardening (new ed.) 3 Then must you dig a pit (although y^e same wil be very labourous). 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 153 Why should we undertake the laborous business of dividing the world into equal partitions? 1681 T. Delaune & B. Keach Τροπολογία ii. 16 A husbandman that hath in his house, a faithful, labourous, an experienced servant, highly prizes him. 1704 London Gaz. No. 4057/3 After a labourous..March. 1782 T. Vaughan Fashionable Follies (new ed.) I. 67 Reading and writing..were too laborous [1810 (ed. 2) laborious] for the nerves of a man of fashion. 1836 J. Galt Demon of Destiny (1839) 82 Though low and laborous your lot be cast. 1876 Times 20 Dec. 5/5 If there was any remission of the labourous toil of these mountain tenants, who were very poor, though very industrious, the soil returned to its original sterility. 1914 Calif. Law Rev. 2 199 The judicial interpretation and harmonizing of these laws is a matter of a great many years of laborous development. 1963 in T. Morris & P. Morris Pentonville 361 Getting chucked out of the pub when it was about to be closed he used to make his labourous if not unsteady way back home. 2003 Evolution 57 677/1 Measurement of tolerance is laborous. It is difficult to find traits that work as good proxies for tolerance. Derivatives † laborousness n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or laboriousness laborousness1530 laboursomeness1573 laboriosity1656 laboriousnessa1682 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > laboriousness painfulnessa1530 laborousness1530 laboriousness1538 laboursomeness1573 toilsomeness1577 operosity1615 laboriosity1656 laborosity1656 operoseness1664 ponderousness1801 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 237/1 Labourousnesse, laboriosité. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1405
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