Kromon.
/ˈkrəʊməʊ/ Indonesia.
The polite form of Javanese, used by those of lower status when addressing social superiors.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Austric > [noun] > Austronesian > Sundic > Javanese > varieties of
Kawi1817
Kromo1817
Ngoko1893
1817 T. S. Raffles Hist. Java I. viii. 366 Nearly one half of the words in the vernacular language have their corresponding term in the Bása Kráma or polite language, without a knowledge of which no one dare address a superior.
1893 W. B. Worsfold Visit to Java xiii. 228 Two forms of modern Javanese are employed in everyday speech. First, the language of ceremony, called Krama; and secondly, the common speech, or Ngoko (meaning literally the thou-ing speech).
1925 P. Radin tr. J. Vendryes Language iv. ii. 257 Among the natives of Java, a superior speaks to his inferior in Ngoko, but the inferior answers in Kromo.
1932 W. L. Graff Lang. & Langs. xi. 423 Official Javanese is called kromo.
1948 D. Diringer Alphabet ii. vii. 424 Modern Javanese gradually breaks up into..Krama Inggil, a form of speech used in addressing gods and the aristocracy, [etc.].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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