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单词 laboured
释义

labouredlaboredadj.

Brit. /ˈleɪbəd/, U.S. /ˈleɪbərd/
Forms: see labour v. and -ed suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: labour v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < labour v. + -ed suffix1. Compare earlier well-laboured adj.
1. Cultivated, farmed, tilled, ploughed. Formerly also: (of a mine) †worked (obsolete). Cf. labour v. 1b. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > cultivated
wroughtOE
subact?1440
laboured1470
tilled1546
well-cultured1555
well-laboured1571
husbanded1578
toiled1578
well-husbanded1581
cultive1611
improved1617
cultivated1622
well-cultivated1650
manured1746
well-farmed1770
reduced1794
farmed1800
tillaged1854
tilthed1866
tame1887
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > of mine: worked
laboured1842
1470 in J. Fullarton Rec. Burgh Prestwick (1834) 8 The commoun landis of the said burghe that is labourit lande.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon cii. sig. Niv v There is an herbe called small oxce tongue & groweth in the gardyns and on other laboured feldes.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 58 Whereon he earst had taught his flocks to feede, And laboured lands to yield the timely eare.
c1641–54 J. Gordon in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. Scotl. (1907) II. 559 All the laboured ground lyeth either upon the seasyd or upon..sum river.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 83 Root up wild Olives from thy labour'd Lands. View more context for this quotation
1705 W. Forbes Treat. Church-lands & Tithes ii. viii. 352 Prescription of a right to the Tithes of the laboured Ground.
1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth i. 40 What Lengths of labour'd Lands? what loaded Seas? Loaded by man, for Pleasure, Wealth, or War.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Œnone (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 123 Or labour'd mines undrainable of ore.
1853 T. Parker Ten Serm. Relig. ii. 40 The Italian has his sunnier sky, his laboured land, which teems with the cultural luxuriance of three thousand years.
1888 Birmingham Daily Post 13 July 7/2 The raising, with common sand, of plants generally cultivated in the best manured and most laboured soil.
1935 G. Tillotson in Ess. Crit. & Res. (1942) ix. 110 Shenstone..[writes] of his exquisitely laboured garden as ‘my hole’.
1997 R. Bononno tr. P. Levy Collective Intelligence xi. 176 The labored field, sown with seed, echoes the coming harvest through the play of difference.
2. Worn out by use or work. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > worn out
perusedc1475
withered1488
laboured1535
outworn1597
worn-out1612
effete1662
frazzled1872
jacked-up1874
crocky1906
bummed1907
rim-racked1916
shot1933
beaten-up1941
beat-up1946
clapped1946
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xiii. 21 The edges of the plow~shares, and mattockes, & forckes, and axes were laboured, and the poyntes blont.
1583 Edinb. Test. XII. 379b Fyve auld lauborit naigis price of the pece viij merkis.
3.
a. Produced or accomplished with labour; performed with great effort or care; requiring or resulting from much time or hard work. Formerly also spec.: (of metal) †refined (obsolete). Also with at.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > accomplished with much labour
busy1448
laboured1566
elaborate1592
pumped1731
labour-intensive1928
1566 T. Nuce in J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon Upon the same sig. Ciiv Hys request was suche: How that, to paynfull laboured stuffe My mynd I wolde annex: And do but as his watched worke, Whych he doth here contex Deserues.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vii. 15 In framing an Artist, art hath thus decreed, To make some good, but others to exceed, And you are her labourd scholler.
a1658 J. Cleveland Elegy on Ben Jonson in J. Cleaveland Revived: Poems (1659) 45 The marbled Glory of thy labour'd Rhime Shall live beyond the Calendar of time.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 17 Labour'd Columns in long Order plac'd.
1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid II. x. 477 High in my Dome, are Silver Talents roll'd With Piles of Labour'd and Unlabour'd Gold.
1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) v. §5. 328 There is not perhaps in the whole Eneid a more grand and laboured passage, than the description of Vulcan's cavern in Etna.
1834 J. S. H. Pardoe Speculation III. xvi. 233 They are dazzled by the flashing of the laboured metal whose polish serves to conceal its alloy, while the unworked ore is overlooked or disregarded.
1876 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 32 And lily-coloured clothes provide Your spouse not laboured-at nor spun.
1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 72 Laboured mounds, that a foot or a wanton stick may subvert.
1919 J. Thurber Let. 24 Sept. (2002) 34 Air castles must be torn down, those mushrooms of a minute's dream, and a slow and labored foundation begun on the old site.
1960 W. Conton African i. 7 I was left to show the visitor to a seat, and to assure him, in a laboured admixture of English, Hausa, and gesturing, that the ladies he wished to see were in.
1995 This Mag. July 3/3 We are thrilled to unveil This Magazine's completely original redesign. It is the much laboured brainchild of our talented new Art Director.
b. depreciative. Esp. of a literary work or writing style: excessively elaborate, affected, or punctilious; not spontaneous or fluent; overwrought, overdone; tediously contrived.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > lacking spontaneity
laboured1613
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > laboured or pedantic
tricked1549
pedantical1592
laboured1613
pedantic1631
laborious1657
stiff1664
long-nebbed1818
stiltified1820
stiltish1824
overwrought1839
uncolloquial1840
stilty1845
Ollendorffian1848
literose1859
stilted1874
Hisperic1904
1613 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Epist. c, in tr. Seneca Wks. (1614) 422 He confesseth openly, and letteth vs see that it is not an affected and laboured stile, but such a one as a man may know it was Fabianus writing.
1688 Animadversions upon Reflections Dr. B's Trav. 9 The Ancient Authors, in whose simplicity and seeming carelessness, there is a beauty that far exceeds all the painting of a laboured Stile.
1719 A. Philips in Free-thinker 16 Jan. (No. 86) 2 How flat and insipid are the laboured Writings of some Men of Skill, who scarce ever feel the Language of the Heart!
1757 C. Lennox tr. L. A. de La Beaumelle Mem. for Hist. Madame Maintenon I. ii. iv. 114 Mademoiselle d'Aubigné loved his thoughts, but hated the laboured style in which they were conveyed.
1774 A. Gerard Ess. Genius i. iii. 56 The laboured delineations of a poetaster, who would supply the want of genuine fancy by the industry of observation.
1826 J. Foster Let. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) II. 84 Other writing of a laboured and tedious kind.
1845 Southern Literary Messenger Sept. 523/1 A labored effort to get away from the New Testament endorsement of the principle [of slavery], so far as permissibility is concerned.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 215 A labored investigation of evidence.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 15 The dialogue is generally weak and laboured.
1908 V. Bell Let. 11 Aug. in Sel. Lett. (1993) ii. 67 His humour is laboured and rather like an elephant in a china shop and I can't imagine it very well-mated to your wit.
1934 L. Charteris Boodle vii. 154 The message contained two lines in laboured script.
1977 L. J. Crabb Effective Biblical Counseling viii. 139 Right behavior without right thinking produces a labored, pressured, effortful brand of Christian obedience.
1999 Time Out N.Y. 10 June 137/1 Ness looks ridiculous, so copious are his tattoos, so labored is his quiff.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 May 21/3 On the whole, Lighthousekeeping's allusiveness is playful, if a bit laboured.
c. Of a physical action: performed with great effort or difficulty; heavy. Also of a person or animal: heavy in movement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > performed with great physical effort
laboured1772
1772 J. M. Adair Comm. Princ. & Pract. Physic v. vii. 420 After the second dose, his face highly flushed, his breathing more laboured, his delirium outrageous.
1828 J. F. Cooper Notions Amer. (1835) I. 45 La Fayette moved slowly through the multitude, walking with a little difficulty from a personal infirmity... Each seemed to watch his laboured footstep, no one advanced to greet him.
1873 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 4) 240 A long and labored inspiration then takes place, giving rise to a crowing sound evidently due to spasm of the glottis.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 156 The laboured beat of the engines.
1930 J. W. Campbell in Amazing Stories Q. Fall 505/1 There were six of them, tall men, about seven feet high, and they walked with the rather labored step of a Venerean.
1949 P. G. Wodehouse Mating Season xxiv. 209 Dobbs..was more laboured in his movements and to an eye like mine, trained in the watching of point-to-point races, had all the look of an also-ran.
1980 D. Millman Peaceful Warrior (1984) ii. v. 148 My breathing was labored, and I had no energy left.
2005 J. Connor Pointless (2006) vii. 137 The wind sprints became laboured jogs after a couple of laps.
4. Employed or used in labour, esp. tiring manual labour; hard-worked. Also with distinguishing word; see also over-laboured adj. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [adjective] > toiling or working hard
laboured1607
Stakhanovite1936
Stakhanovist1938
1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 395 b/2 A grete tempeste..in which they were..sore for-laboured.]
1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 4 My father by his painfull trade, Whose laboured Anuile only was his fee.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 232 Your King, whose labour'd spirits Fore-wearied in this action of swift speede. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 11 What time the labour'd Oxe In his loose traces from the furrow came.
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise i. i. 3 Turn'd out, like Labour'd Oxen, after Harvest.
1743 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epode ii, in tr. Horace Odes II. 275 See his labour'd Oxen bow Their languid Necks, and drag th' inverted Plow.
1797 T. Hull Moral Tales II. 25 No monarch of the feather'd brood Was heard aloud to crow, Nor laboured ox the vocal air Awaken with his low.
1816 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 33 74 The property tax on the tenant, the tax on laboured horses, and some other payments which bear principally on agriculture.
1820 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 5 Sept. (1941) II. 244 Two stout hard-laboured peasants.

Derivatives

ˈlabouredly adv.
ΚΠ
1735 S. Wright Postscript to Serm. Script. & Trad. 24 This subject of charity to some that are under the Roman yoke, hath been most labouredly considered.
1836 Dublin Jrnl. Med. & Chem. Sci. 8 114 Heart pulsates regularly but slowly and labouredly; pulse a degree stronger.
1992 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. c22/1 Sometimes these images coalesce to form astonishingly vivid pictures in the reader's mind. At other times, they seem laboredly poetic.
ˈlabouredness n.
ΚΠ
1857 R. Redgrave in Inventory Pictures, Drawings, Etchings Cromwell Gardens, South Kensington 8 Compared with the meagre minuteness, the petty prettiness, and feeble labouredness of Dow.
1930 J. W. Mackail Largeness in Lit. 6 Largeness is..the opposite..of thinness, of tightness, of labouredness.
1998 M. Montgomery Concerning Intellect. Philandering xv. 157 Perhaps the labor and laboredness is to a good end.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1470
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