† kingstonn.¹

Forms:

α. 1600s kingstone, 1700s kinson, 1700s–1800s kingston.

β. 1700s king's stone.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: king n., stone n., fish n.¹

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps shortened < an unattested king stonefish < king n. + stone n. + fish n.¹: compare rockfish n. 2b and rock salmon n. 2, names of dogfish (although these are not attested until considerably later).In β. forms < the genitive of king n. + stone n.

Obsolete (English regional (south-eastern) in later use).

The monkfish of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, Squatina squatina. More fully kingston fish, kingston ray.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > angel-fish or monk-fish

monkfish1582

sea-monk1611

sea-devil1634

kingston1666

angelfish1668

skate1668

piper1673

mermaid fish1738

fiddle-fish1748

fiddler1750

monk1756

angel shark1776

shark-ray1836

puppy-fish1880

squat1884

sea-angel1891

1666 C. Merrett Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum 186 Squatina, a Kingstone.

1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ I. (at cited word) The king's stone..Squatina.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xxi. 163 Fish in Season..Thornback, and Homlyn, Kinson, Oysters [etc.].

1770 W. Hewson in Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 205 I next went to Brighthelmstone, where I found kingston, or monk-fish, a species of skate.

a1793 J. Hunter Ess. & Observ. (1861) II. 405 The kingston fish and torpedo would seem to be in a middle state between the shark and the skate.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 407 It is common on the coasts of Kent and Sussex, where it is called a kingston.

1898 Fishing Gaz. 3 Dec. 454/3 The monk or angel fish..is a distinct species entirely, and generally known by the following local terms: Monk fish, angel fish,.., Kingston ray.

1914 Country Life 25 July 143/2 This curious species, known to the local fishermen as the ‘Kingston’ or ‘fiddle-fish,’ can hardly be said to be rare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

Kingstonn.²

Brit.

/ˈkɪŋstən/,

/ˈkɪŋstn/, U.S.

/ˈkɪŋstən/

Forms: 1800s Hingston (transmission error), 1800s– Kingston.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Kingston.

Etymology: < the name of John Kingston (1786–1847), British engineer, who invented this kind of valve.

Nautical. Now chiefly historical.

I. Compounds.

1. attributive and in the genitive. Designating a type of sea valve which is manually opened outward, and when not in use is kept closed by the exterior water pressure. As Kingston valve, Kingston's valve.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > valve or sea-cock

Kingston1837

sea-cock1855

sea-valve1895

1837 R. Otway Elem. Treat. Steam Index 238 Pipe, preventives against accident, Syphon, Hingston's [sic] Valve.

1846 J. Bourne Treat. Steam Engine xi. 223/1 In modern steam vessels Kingston's valves are..used, which consist of a spindle or plate valve fitted to the exterior of the ship, so that if the internal pipe or cock breaks, the external valve will still be operative.

1859 Reed's New Guide Bk. Local Marine Board Exam. 62 (heading) Boiler valves and cocks...Kingston valves.

1883 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. xvi. 301 For all large inlets the Kingston valve is preferable, as it acts as a non-return valve in case of the spindle breaking, and can then always be worked by simply forcing it outwards.

1905 E. M. Donkin & B. Donkin tr. G. Bauer Marine Engines & Boilers 418 Most of the valves in merchant ships consist of ordinary valves opening inwards, but on warships the old so-called ‘Kingston’ valves are still frequently met with.

2008 S. Hart Submarine Upholder vii. 62 The depth-gauge in the control jumped from 28 to 80 feet as the E.R.A. whipped open Q tank's Kingston valve.

II. Simple uses.

2. A Kingston valve.

ΚΠ

1857 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 145 90 It is my belief..that some small substance, such as a bit of wood or coal, was driven through the Kingstons, and temporarily prevented their closing after blowing off.

1883 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. xvi. 303 A valve may be fitted in lieu of a cock to even the smallest Kingston.

1927 Boys' Life June 13/2 ‘Kingston's open—'r carried away, maybe—in Number Three ballast tank. Rotten place t' put one, anyhow.’ ‘What—w-hat's a Kingston?’ stammered Perry. ‘Sea-valve—ballast trimmin'-tanks, likely.’

1933 ‘L. Luard’ All Hands 124 Drop of air in three main. Open three Kingston. Close air. Open three vent.

2006 J. E. Acus tr. D. A. Romanov Fire at Sea xvii. 138 One of the main reasons the submarine sank was the absence of Kingstons on the MBTs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kingston
释义	† kingstonn.¹ Forms: α. 1600s kingstone, 1700s kinson, 1700s–1800s kingston. β. 1700s king's stone. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: king n., stone n., fish n.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps shortened < an unattested king stonefish < king n. + stone n. + fish n.¹: compare rockfish n. 2b and rock salmon n. 2, names of dogfish (although these are not attested until considerably later).In β. forms < the genitive of king n. + stone n. Obsolete (English regional (south-eastern) in later use). The monkfish of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, Squatina squatina. More fully kingston fish, kingston ray. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > angel-fish or monk-fish monkfish1582 sea-monk1611 sea-devil1634 kingston1666 angelfish1668 skate1668 piper1673 mermaid fish1738 fiddle-fish1748 fiddler1750 monk1756 angel shark1776 shark-ray1836 puppy-fish1880 squat1884 sea-angel1891 1666 C. Merrett Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum 186 Squatina, a Kingstone. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ I. (at cited word) The king's stone..Squatina. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xxi. 163 Fish in Season..Thornback, and Homlyn, Kinson, Oysters [etc.]. 1770 W. Hewson in Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 205 I next went to Brighthelmstone, where I found kingston, or monk-fish, a species of skate. a1793 J. Hunter Ess. & Observ. (1861) II. 405 The kingston fish and torpedo would seem to be in a middle state between the shark and the skate. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 407 It is common on the coasts of Kent and Sussex, where it is called a kingston. 1898 Fishing Gaz. 3 Dec. 454/3 The monk or angel fish..is a distinct species entirely, and generally known by the following local terms: Monk fish, angel fish,.., Kingston ray. 1914 Country Life 25 July 143/2 This curious species, known to the local fishermen as the ‘Kingston’ or ‘fiddle-fish,’ can hardly be said to be rare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2020). Kingstonn.² Brit. /ˈkɪŋstən/, /ˈkɪŋstn/, U.S. /ˈkɪŋstən/ Forms: 1800s Hingston (transmission error), 1800s– Kingston. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Kingston. Etymology: < the name of John Kingston (1786–1847), British engineer, who invented this kind of valve. Nautical. Now chiefly historical. I. Compounds. 1. attributive and in the genitive. Designating a type of sea valve which is manually opened outward, and when not in use is kept closed by the exterior water pressure. As Kingston valve, Kingston's valve. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > valve or sea-cock Kingston1837 sea-cock1855 sea-valve1895 1837 R. Otway Elem. Treat. Steam Index 238 Pipe, preventives against accident, Syphon, Hingston's [sic] Valve. 1846 J. Bourne Treat. Steam Engine xi. 223/1 In modern steam vessels Kingston's valves are..used, which consist of a spindle or plate valve fitted to the exterior of the ship, so that if the internal pipe or cock breaks, the external valve will still be operative. 1859 Reed's New Guide Bk. Local Marine Board Exam. 62 (heading) Boiler valves and cocks...Kingston valves. 1883 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. xvi. 301 For all large inlets the Kingston valve is preferable, as it acts as a non-return valve in case of the spindle breaking, and can then always be worked by simply forcing it outwards. 1905 E. M. Donkin & B. Donkin tr. G. Bauer Marine Engines & Boilers 418 Most of the valves in merchant ships consist of ordinary valves opening inwards, but on warships the old so-called ‘Kingston’ valves are still frequently met with. 2008 S. Hart Submarine Upholder vii. 62 The depth-gauge in the control jumped from 28 to 80 feet as the E.R.A. whipped open Q tank's Kingston valve. II. Simple uses. 2. A Kingston valve. ΚΠ 1857 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 145 90 It is my belief..that some small substance, such as a bit of wood or coal, was driven through the Kingstons, and temporarily prevented their closing after blowing off. 1883 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. xvi. 303 A valve may be fitted in lieu of a cock to even the smallest Kingston. 1927 Boys' Life June 13/2 ‘Kingston's open—'r carried away, maybe—in Number Three ballast tank. Rotten place t' put one, anyhow.’ ‘What—w-hat's a Kingston?’ stammered Perry. ‘Sea-valve—ballast trimmin'-tanks, likely.’ 1933 ‘L. Luard’ All Hands 124 Drop of air in three main. Open three Kingston. Close air. Open three vent. 2006 J. E. Acus tr. D. A. Romanov Fire at Sea xvii. 138 One of the main reasons the submarine sank was the absence of Kingstons on the MBTs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1666n.²1837
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† kingstonn.1

Kingstonn.2

† kingstonn.¹

Kingstonn.²