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单词 kino
释义

kinon.

Brit. /ˈkiːnəʊ/, U.S. /ˈkɪnoʊ/
Etymology: apparently of W. African origin: compare Mandingo cano = Gambia kino, the first kind used, called by Fothergill in 1757 ( Med. Obs. I.) gummi rubrum astringens Gambiense, in Edinb. Pharmacop. 1774 Gummi Kino, and in London Pharmacop. 1787 Resina Kino.
1.
a. A substance resembling catechu, usually of a brittle consistence and dark reddish-brown colour, consisting of the inspissated gum or juice of various trees and shrubs of tropical and subtropical regions; used in medicine and tanning as an astringent, and also (in India) for dyeing cotton. Sometimes called gum kino. African kino n. or Gambia kino n. (the kind first known in Europe but now out of use) is the produce of Pterocarpus erinaceus (family Leguminosæ). Bengal kino n. of Butea frondosa and B. superba (family Leguminosæ). Botany Bay kino n., Australian kino n. Eucalyptus resinifera (family Myrtaceæ) and other species. East Indian kino n., Malabar kino n., amboyna kino n. the kind most used of Pterocarpus Marsupium. West Indian kino n., Jamaica kino n. of Coccoloba uvifera (family Polygonaceæ).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] > plant-derived
sumac?a1350
hypocistisa1425
balausty?1541
red sanders1553
balaustine1671
simarouba1733
hypocist1751
kino1788
witch hazel1844
tannigen1898
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs
madderOE
grain1335
alkanet1343
Brazilc1386
crop-maddera1399
red-scarletc1400
alcanna?a1425
lac?c1425
madder root?c1450
incarnationa1475
jarecork1483
orchil1483
mull1507
orcanet1548
Bristol-red1551
red sanders1553
cochineal1582
safflower1583
chay1588
Pernambuco1595
red sanderswood1598
redwood1634
peach woodc1638
scarlet1653
mesteque1667
bow-dye1676
sylvester1697
corkir1703
gamene1703
orchilla1703
crap1721
saffranon1731
kino1788
Turkey red1789
lizary1791
granilla1812
munjeet1813
rubiate1835
orcein1838
purpurin1839
ruby wood1843
sassafrid1852
aal1853
pink salt1853
magenta1860
fuchsine1865
paeonin1865
safranine1868
corallin1873
marina1874
Magdala red1875
alizarin1878
eosin1879
Turkey red oil1879
roccelline1880
ponceau1885
amarant1888
phloxine1890
hypernic1897
Turkish red1900
Lithol red1930
1738 Stibbs Voy. Gambia 267 I shall now describe the Pau de Sangue, or Blood-wood, so called from a red gum which issues from it; it grows abundantly all up the river..and by the Mandingoes called Cano.]
1788 Lond. Pharmac. (ed. 2) 21 Kino, Kino, Gummi Gambiense.
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 214 Botany Bay kino is inodorous; tastes bitterish and more austere than the African.
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 Gum Kino is the produce of Pterocarpus erinacea.
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 African Kino,..Asiatic Kino,..American Kino, from a decoction of the fibrous wood of Coccoloba uvifera. The African, which is the most common kind, differs from the rest in coming in small, angular, glittering, black granules.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 200 After five days' treatment by kino with opium and ipecacuanha.
b. attributive.
ΚΠ
1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 Kino-red yields by dry distillation a small quantity of watery and oily distillate.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 743 Compound kino powder in 10 grain doses is also very useful.
2. Any of the trees or plants which yield this substance: see above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > names applied to various trees
gum tree1676
gum-wood1683
bloodwood1697
varnish-tree1758
kino1876
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 644 Kino is a lofty tree..native of Ceylon, and the adjacent part of India.
1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 324 African or Gambia Kino..Tree often 40 to 70 feet high, with a very hard, fine-grained red wood suitable for naval construction, planking, &c.

Derivatives

kinofluous adj. /kɪˈnɒfluːəs/ [after mellifluous] ‘exuding kino’ ( Cent. Dict.).
kiˈnoic adj. of or pertaining to kino.
ΚΠ
1853 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 79 Hennig calls this substance kinoic acid.
kinoin n. /ˈkiːnəʊɪn/ Chemistry a crystalline substance (C14H12O6) obtained from East Indian kino.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > crystalline substances > [noun] > others
amygdalin1651
asparagine1813
ambrein1820
aloin1828
orcin1833
anemonin1838
guaranin1838
helenin1838
puteanic acid1838
styracin1838
alloxanic acid1839
roccelline1840
sinapisine1840
lilacine1842
syringin1843
orsellic acid1848
roccellinin1848
rhamnetin1858
sapogenin1862
frangulin1864
phycite1864
fisetin1865
nucin1866
phlorone1866
piperonal1869
apiol1872
stercorin1873
juglone1878
orcinol1880
kinoin1881
ursone1885
iridin1894
saponarin1902
sambunigrin1905
lepton1921
leuco-taxin1937
lotaustralin1938
ionophore1955
1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 By repeatedly crystallising..pure colourless crystals of kinoïn are obtained..Kinoïn is anhydrous; it dissolves sparingly in cold water, easily in hot water and in alcohol.
kino-tannic n.
ΚΠ
1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Kinotannic acid, a reddish-brown translucent substance forming some 95 per cent. of kino.
kino acid n.
kino-tannin n. the varieties of tannic acid and tannin occurring in kino.
ΚΠ
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 Kino-tannin forms a red mass, and yields no pyrogallic acid in dry distillation.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : kino-comb. form
<
n.1788
see also
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