kirnn.¹

Brit.

/kəːn/, U.S.

/kərn/, Scottish English

/kɪrn/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s kirne, Middle English–1500s kyrn(e; English regional (northern) 1600s kerne, 1600s–1800s kern, kurn.

Etymology: Northern form of churn n.: compare Old Norse kirna, in same sense.

Scottish and northern dialect.

1. A churn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > churn

churnc1000

kirn1338

butter churn1577

churning-tub1580

barrel-churn1741

plunge churn1793

box churn1810

table churn1828

dash-churn1865

churner1888

1338–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 311 In j kirne emp. pro eadem [dayeria], 5d.

1483 Cath. Angl. 204/1 (MS. A.) A kyrne, cimba, fiscina.

1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 207 j kirne with staffe xiiij^d.

1681 Inv. in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) vi. 62 Ane say, ane kerne and two four gallon trees.

1728 A. Ramsay Betty & Kate vii Sae may your kirn with fatness flow.

1786 R. Burns Poems 58 Countra wives..May plunge an' plunge the kirn in vain.

1820 W. Scott Monastery III. x. 248 I see it is ill done to teach the cat the way to the kirn.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Kern.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Kurn.

Categories »

2. figurative. ‘Applied to a mire’ in which the mud is churned up; ‘a disgusting mixture’. ‘The ground's a mere kirn’ (Jamieson).

Compounds

kirn-milk, kirn-staff: see churn n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > buttermilk

sweet milka1475

buttermilka1500

whey of butter1530

kirn-milkc1550

lap1567

churn-milk1598

whig1688

souter's brandy1790

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Thai maid grit cheir of..reyme, flot quhaye, grene cheis kyrn mylk.

1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale 160 (E.D.D.) Sheel kedge our kites with good kirne-milk and whig.

1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 171 Kern-milk, is Butter-milk.

1724 A. Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty in Ever-green xii He tuke the kirnstaff be the shank.

1773 R. Fergusson Poems 88 My kirnstaff now stands gizzand at the door.

1829 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi. (note) in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 223 He dealt in the wholesome commodity called kirn-milk.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

kirnn.²

Brit.

/kəːn/, U.S.

/kərn/, Scottish English

/kɪrn/

Forms: Also 1800s kern, kurn, curn.

Etymology: Of uncertain etymology.The instances of the word kirn or kern are quite recent, and leave us in the dark as to its earlier history. The popular notion often associates it with kirn n.¹, churn n.; and there are positive statements that a churnful of cream was a prominent item in the harvest-supper (J. Nicol Poems (1805) I. 154; Hone Year-bk. (1832) 10 Sept. 534/2; Haliburton Puir Auld Sc. (1887) 148–9). See also churn-supper n. at churn n. Compounds 2. But this may be due only to popular etymology. If the word were old, it might in form represent an Old English *ge-cyrn = Old High German gikurni, shortened kurni, churni, Middle High German kürne, kürn, ‘corn collectively or of all kinds’ (see Grimm, s.v. Korn 1 d). But this hardly suits the sense, unless indeed *gecyrn could have meant something like ‘completion (of the reaping or ingathering of all the corn)’. (Prof. E. Sievers.)

Scottish and northern dialect.

1. A feast or merry-making held on the completion of the harvest; a harvest-home or harvest-supper. (Thing and name are passing out of use.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast

kirn1777

kirn-supper1777

maiden feast1797

churn-supper1801

kirn-feast1846

hay-home supper1860

churn-getting1866

1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. xxxi. 307 Kern Baby..the northern Word is plainly a Corruption of Corn Baby or Image, as is the Kern or Churn Supper of Corn Supper.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xix, in Poems 16 As bleak-fac'd Hallowmass returns, They get the jovial, rantan Kirns, When rural life, of ev'ry station, Unite in common recreation.

1806 Douglas Poems 143 (E.D.D.) Hame they gang to get the kirn.

1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. Introd. 176 Who envies now the shepherd's lot,.. His rustic kirn's loud revelry.

1883 Longman's Mag. Apr. 657 The oldest rustic festival here [i.e. in Lothian] is the harvest home, or ‘kirn’.

2. The cutting of the last handful of corn (the kirn-cut) on the harvest-field. Chiefly in the phrases to win (get) the kirn: to gain the distinction of cutting down the last armful of corn; to succeed in finishing the harvest; to cry or shout the kirn: to cheer or shout in token of this. (Now rare.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful

kirn1808

kirn-winning1819

1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Kirn, the last handful of grain cut down on the harvest-field.

1821 Blackwood's Mag. 400 (Jam.) I shall either gain a kiss from some fair lip for winning the kirn, or some shall have hot brows for it.

1836 Wilson's Hist. Tales Borders II. 209 (E.D.D.) An hour would be sufficient to terminate their harvest toils and win the kirn.

1866 W. Henderson Notes Folk Lore Northern Counties 66 When the sickle is laid down, and the last sheaf of golden corn set on end, it is said that they have ‘got the kern’. [The words I have heard used in crying the kirn in Roxburghshire, a1860, were ‘The corn's shorn, the kirn's won, Kirnie, kirnie, coo-oo-oo!’ the last word much prolonged. J.A.H.M.]

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

kirn-bannock n.

ΚΠ

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 405 A piece..of the kirn bannock.

kirn-feast n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast

kirn1777

kirn-supper1777

maiden feast1797

churn-supper1801

kirn-feast1846

hay-home supper1860

churn-getting1866

1846 Drummond's Muckomachy ii. xxvi. 32 At fairs, kirn-feasts, and penny-weddins.

kirn-night n.

ΚΠ

1789 R. Burns Let. 23 Dec. (2001) I. 463 At gala times such as Newyearsday, a Christening, or the Kirn-night,..my punch-bowl is brought from its dusty corner.

C2.

kirn-cut n. = sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful > last handful of corn cut

neck1688

kirn-cut1810

1810 A. Cunningham et al. Remains Nithsdale & Galloway Song 259 From the same pin depended the kirn-cut of corn, curiously braided and adorned with ribbons.

1862 J. Grant Capt. of Guard xlv. 326 Above the mantelpiece hung the..kirn-cuts of corn gaily ornamented with ribbons—the trophies of the last year's harvest home.

kirn-supper n. the harvest-home supper (see also churn-supper n. at churn n. Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast

kirn1777

kirn-supper1777

maiden feast1797

churn-supper1801

kirn-feast1846

hay-home supper1860

churn-getting1866

1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. xxxi. 307 Kern Baby..the northern Word is plainly a Corruption of Corn Baby or Image, as is the Kern or Churn Supper of Corn Supper.

1822 T. Bewick Mem. 26 The man..when he met me had been on his way to a ‘kirn supper’.

1864 R. Chambers Bk. of Days II. 379/2 In Scotland, under the name of the Kirn or Kirn Supper.

kirn-winning n. = sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful

kirn1808

kirn-winning1819

1819 in Anderson Cumbld. Ball. 65 To murry-neets, kurn~winnins, Hannah ne'er went.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

kirnv.

Brit.

/kəːn/, U.S.

/kərn/, Scottish English

/kɪrn/

Forms: Also dialect kern, kurn.

Etymology: Northern form of churn v.

a. transitive and absol. To churn; to make butter by churning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > make butter

churnc1440

kirn15..

fetch1844

15.. Wyfe of Auchtermuchty v Scho kyrnd the kyrne, and skwmd it clene.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iii Tibby kirn'd, and there nae butter came.

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 182 Nae mair the thrifty gudewife sees Her lasses kirn.

1801 in Anderson Cumbld. Ball. 19 For tou can kurn, and darn, and spin.

b. intransitive. Of butter: To form by churning, to ‘come’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > form butter or curd

come1577

kirn1856

1856 G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick 56 (E.D.D.) The gudewife's butter wadna kirn.

2. transferred.

a. transitive. To mix or stir by a process like that of churning cream; to keep turning over, up, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > agitate or stir

churn1697

kirn1822

1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie II. i. 12 It would hae been mair to the purpose, had ye been kirning drogs with the pistle and mortar in your ain shop.

b. intransitive. To perform the act of stirring something; to puddle, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > stir (through, in, among, etc.)

pudder1601

stir1712

kirn1869

1869 R. Leighton Sc. Words 20 I've just been kirnin' through the Word o' God.

1892 N. Dickson Auld Sc. Minister (1896) 106 Busy kirnin' among clay an' makin' bricks.

Derivatives

kirned adj.

ΚΠ

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 39 'Twas fed on new kirned butter-milk.

ˈkirning n. churning: attributive as kirning-day.

ΚΠ

1808 E. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburnie xiii. 261 The very first kirning after, her butter was burstet, and gude for naething.

1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 217 The morn..is kirning-day.

kirning-rung n. = kirn-staff at kirn n.¹ Compounds.

ΚΠ

1790 A. Wilson Poems 59 Gin ye please our John an' me, Ye'se get the kirnan rung To lick, this day.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1338

n.²1777

v.15..

单词	kirn
释义	kirnn.¹ Brit. /kəːn/, U.S. /kərn/, Scottish English /kɪrn/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s kirne, Middle English–1500s kyrn(e; English regional (northern) 1600s kerne, 1600s–1800s kern, kurn. Etymology: Northern form of churn n.: compare Old Norse kirna, in same sense. Scottish and northern dialect. 1. A churn. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > churn churnc1000 kirn1338 butter churn1577 churning-tub1580 barrel-churn1741 plunge churn1793 box churn1810 table churn1828 dash-churn1865 churner1888 1338–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 311 In j kirne emp. pro eadem [dayeria], 5d. 1483 Cath. Angl. 204/1 (MS. A.) A kyrne, cimba, fiscina. 1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 207 j kirne with staffe xiiij^d. 1681 Inv. in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) vi. 62 Ane say, ane kerne and two four gallon trees. 1728 A. Ramsay Betty & Kate vii Sae may your kirn with fatness flow. 1786 R. Burns Poems 58 Countra wives..May plunge an' plunge the kirn in vain. 1820 W. Scott Monastery III. x. 248 I see it is ill done to teach the cat the way to the kirn. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Kern. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Kurn. Categories » 2. figurative. ‘Applied to a mire’ in which the mud is churned up; ‘a disgusting mixture’. ‘The ground's a mere kirn’ (Jamieson). Compounds kirn-milk, kirn-staff: see churn n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > buttermilk sweet milka1475 buttermilka1500 whey of butter1530 kirn-milkc1550 lap1567 churn-milk1598 whig1688 souter's brandy1790 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Thai maid grit cheir of..reyme, flot quhaye, grene cheis kyrn mylk. 1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale 160 (E.D.D.) Sheel kedge our kites with good kirne-milk and whig. 1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 171 Kern-milk, is Butter-milk. 1724 A. Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty in Ever-green xii He tuke the kirnstaff be the shank. 1773 R. Fergusson Poems 88 My kirnstaff now stands gizzand at the door. 1829 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi. (note) in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 223 He dealt in the wholesome commodity called kirn-milk. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). kirnn.² Brit. /kəːn/, U.S. /kərn/, Scottish English /kɪrn/ Forms: Also 1800s kern, kurn, curn. Etymology: Of uncertain etymology.The instances of the word kirn or kern are quite recent, and leave us in the dark as to its earlier history. The popular notion often associates it with kirn n.¹, churn n.; and there are positive statements that a churnful of cream was a prominent item in the harvest-supper (J. Nicol Poems (1805) I. 154; Hone Year-bk. (1832) 10 Sept. 534/2; Haliburton Puir Auld Sc. (1887) 148–9). See also churn-supper n. at churn n. Compounds 2. But this may be due only to popular etymology. If the word were old, it might in form represent an Old English ge-cyrn = Old High German gikurni, shortened kurni, churni, Middle High German kürne, kürn, ‘corn collectively or of all kinds’ (see Grimm, s.v. Korn* 1 d). But this hardly suits the sense, unless indeed gecyrn could have meant something like ‘completion (of the reaping or ingathering of all the corn)’. (Prof. E. Sievers.) Scottish* and northern dialect. 1. A feast or merry-making held on the completion of the harvest; a harvest-home or harvest-supper. (Thing and name are passing out of use.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast kirn1777 kirn-supper1777 maiden feast1797 churn-supper1801 kirn-feast1846 hay-home supper1860 churn-getting1866 1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. xxxi. 307 Kern Baby..the northern Word is plainly a Corruption of Corn Baby or Image, as is the Kern or Churn Supper of Corn Supper. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xix, in Poems 16 As bleak-fac'd Hallowmass returns, They get the jovial, rantan Kirns, When rural life, of ev'ry station, Unite in common recreation. 1806 Douglas Poems 143 (E.D.D.) Hame they gang to get the kirn. 1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. Introd. 176 Who envies now the shepherd's lot,.. His rustic kirn's loud revelry. 1883 Longman's Mag. Apr. 657 The oldest rustic festival here [i.e. in Lothian] is the harvest home, or ‘kirn’. 2. The cutting of the last handful of corn (the kirn-cut) on the harvest-field. Chiefly in the phrases to win (get) the kirn: to gain the distinction of cutting down the last armful of corn; to succeed in finishing the harvest; to cry or shout the kirn: to cheer or shout in token of this. (Now rare.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful kirn1808 kirn-winning1819 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Kirn, the last handful of grain cut down on the harvest-field. 1821 Blackwood's Mag. 400 (Jam.) I shall either gain a kiss from some fair lip for winning the kirn, or some shall have hot brows for it. 1836 Wilson's Hist. Tales Borders II. 209 (E.D.D.) An hour would be sufficient to terminate their harvest toils and win the kirn. 1866 W. Henderson Notes Folk Lore Northern Counties 66 When the sickle is laid down, and the last sheaf of golden corn set on end, it is said that they have ‘got the kern’. [The words I have heard used in crying the kirn in Roxburghshire, a1860, were ‘The corn's shorn, the kirn's won, Kirnie, kirnie, coo-oo-oo!’ the last word much prolonged. J.A.H.M.] Compounds C1. General attributive. kirn-bannock n. ΚΠ 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 405 A piece..of the kirn bannock. kirn-feast n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast kirn1777 kirn-supper1777 maiden feast1797 churn-supper1801 kirn-feast1846 hay-home supper1860 churn-getting1866 1846 Drummond's Muckomachy ii. xxvi. 32 At fairs, kirn-feasts, and penny-weddins. kirn-night n. ΚΠ 1789 R. Burns Let. 23 Dec. (2001) I. 463 At gala times such as Newyearsday, a Christening, or the Kirn-night,..my punch-bowl is brought from its dusty corner. C2. kirn-cut n. = sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful > last handful of corn cut neck1688 kirn-cut1810 1810 A. Cunningham et al. Remains Nithsdale & Galloway Song 259 From the same pin depended the kirn-cut of corn, curiously braided and adorned with ribbons. 1862 J. Grant Capt. of Guard xlv. 326 Above the mantelpiece hung the..kirn-cuts of corn gaily ornamented with ribbons—the trophies of the last year's harvest home. kirn-supper n. the harvest-home supper (see also churn-supper n. at churn n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > harvest-home feast kirn1777 kirn-supper1777 maiden feast1797 churn-supper1801 kirn-feast1846 hay-home supper1860 churn-getting1866 1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. xxxi. 307 Kern Baby..the northern Word is plainly a Corruption of Corn Baby or Image, as is the Kern or Churn Supper of Corn Supper. 1822 T. Bewick Mem. 26 The man..when he met me had been on his way to a ‘kirn supper’. 1864 R. Chambers Bk. of Days II. 379/2 In Scotland, under the name of the Kirn or Kirn Supper. kirn-winning n. = sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > cutting of last handful kirn1808 kirn-winning1819 1819 in Anderson Cumbld. Ball. 65 To murry-neets, kurn~winnins, Hannah ne'er went. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). kirnv. Brit. /kəːn/, U.S. /kərn/, Scottish English /kɪrn/ Forms: Also dialect kern, kurn. Etymology: Northern form of churn v. 1. a. transitive and absol. To churn; to make butter by churning. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > make butter churnc1440 kirn15.. fetch1844 15.. Wyfe of Auchtermuchty v Scho kyrnd the kyrne, and skwmd it clene. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iii Tibby kirn'd, and there nae butter came. a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 182 Nae mair the thrifty gudewife sees Her lasses kirn. 1801 in Anderson Cumbld. Ball. 19 For tou can kurn, and darn, and spin. b. intransitive. Of butter: To form by churning, to ‘come’. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > form butter or curd come1577 kirn1856 1856 G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick 56 (E.D.D.) The gudewife's butter wadna kirn. 2. transferred. a. transitive. To mix or stir by a process like that of churning cream; to keep turning over, up, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > agitate or stir churn1697 kirn1822 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie II. i. 12 It would hae been mair to the purpose, had ye been kirning drogs with the pistle and mortar in your ain shop. b. intransitive. To perform the act of stirring something; to puddle, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > stir (through, in, among, etc.) pudder1601 stir1712 kirn1869 1869 R. Leighton Sc. Words 20 I've just been kirnin' through the Word o' God. 1892 N. Dickson Auld Sc. Minister (1896) 106 Busy kirnin' among clay an' makin' bricks. Derivatives kirned adj. ΚΠ 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 39 'Twas fed on new kirned butter-milk. ˈkirning n. churning: attributive as kirning-day. ΚΠ 1808 E. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburnie xiii. 261 The very first kirning after, her butter was burstet, and gude for naething. 1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 217 The morn..is kirning-day. kirning-rung n. = kirn-staff at kirn n.¹ Compounds. ΚΠ 1790 A. Wilson Poems 59 Gin ye please our John an' me, Ye'se get the kirnan rung To lick, this day. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1338n.²1777v.15..
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kirnn.1

Compounds

kirnn.2

Compounds

kirnv.

Derivatives

kirnn.¹

kirnn.²