kolkhozn.

1921 Russian Economist I. ii. 389 The ‘Kolkhoses’ are the means of a guerilla war with the peasants... The measure in which..support is given depends on the degree to which a particular kind of ‘Kolkhose’ approximates to the ideals of Communism.

1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 190 There was a real rush of the peasants to enter the Kolchosy (the abbreviated Russian denomination of the collectivised farms).

1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 191 A sensational article by Stalin entitled, ‘Intoxicated by Success’. It dealt with the Kolchos movement, and in it the dictator strongly condemned the forcible methods of collectivisation hitherto used.

1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind (1932) iv. 184 The Kolkhoz seems to be the old Tsarist Mir in a state of emotion.

1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind (1932) x. 508 The great fields of the Kolkhozy.

1943 E. M. Almedingen Frossia viii. 285 He knows Russia... He has seen Sovhozes and Kolhozes.

1944 H. F. Infield Co-operative Living in Palestine 4 The Russian Kolkhoz, the Palestinian Kvutza, the Mexican Ejido..have made effective use of comprehensive co-operation.

1949 F. Maclean Eastern Approaches i. viii. 133 The eating-house..seemed to be monopolized by the higher kolkhoz officials whom I found engaged in preparations for the forthcoming elections to the Supreme Council of the Kazakh S.S.R.

1951 Soviet Stud. Oct. III. 158 Under the leadership of the Politburo member Nikita Khrushchev, a campaign was begun for a great enlargement of the individual kolkhozy by ‘voluntary’ mergers, by corresponding consolidation of villages into what were proudly called ‘agro-cities’.

1952 Ann. Reg. 1951 198 Khrushchev himself had dismissed contemptuously the earlier grandiose dreams of ‘agrogoroda’, or rural cities, and had substituted the idea of ‘kolkhoz settlements’.

1957 Ann. Reg. 1956 256 The villages [in Hungary] seem quietly to have dissolved most of their local kolkhoz and then returned to work.

1958 New Statesman 5 Apr. 423/3 The kolkhozes..will now be in a position to introduce certain measures hitherto found only on state farms, including a guaranteed minimum wage.

1968 C. A. Doxiadis Between Dystopia & Utopia 46 The Kolkhozes in Russia..are the results of utopian theories.

1972 Guardian 4 Aug. 4/4 A kolkhoz, or collective farm, is a symbol of the crude rustic for city dwellers.

1955 H. Hodgkinson Doubletalk 27 Each worker, or kolkhoznik, has to give between 100 and 150 work days on the common land.

1964 Economist 18 July 255/1 With their dependants the kolkhozniki amounted to about 56 million persons.