| 释义 |
authorityn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French autorité. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman auctoreté, auctoritie, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French auctorité, autorité, Anglo-Norman and Middle French auttorité, Middle French authorité (French autorité ) authoritative book or passage of text (c1125 in Old French, originally with reference to Scripture), power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience (second half of the 12th cent.), permission, authorization (c1190), prestige (12th cent.), person whose testimony is accepted as true, expert (second quarter of the 13th cent. or earlier, originally in plural autoritez in specific sense ‘Fathers of the Church collectively’), credibility of an author or person to whom reference is made (a1268), person or (especially) body having political or administrative power and control in a particular sphere (14th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from 1699) < classical Latin auctōritāt- , auctōritās (in post-classical Latin also autoritas ) right of ownership, sanction, approval, resolution, advice, right or power to authorize, leadership, authoritativeness, weighty testimony, precedent, example, prestige, personal influence, esteem, repute < auctor author n. + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan auctoritat, autoritat, authoritat (beginning of the 13th cent.), Catalan autoritat (14th cent.), Spanish autoridad (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese autoridade (1262), Italian autorità (c1243); also Middle Dutch auctoriteit (Dutch autoriteit), Middle Low German auctōritēt (only in senses ‘assent’ and ‘decision’), Middle High German (in late sources) authōritēt (German Autorität).On the form history see discussion at author n. With the form owthority at γ. forms compare η. forms at author n. With in authority compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French en auctorité (c1240 or earlier). I. An authoritative piece of writing. society > communication > book > kind of book > authoritative or standard book > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > source of ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 64 He [sc. Ysaye] seið in þilke autorite. þet insilence & in hope schal beon ure strengðe..to ȝein þe deoueles creftes. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. iii. 453 For auctorite of holi writte telliþ vs þat watris beþ iset aboue heuenes. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 12 Lete auctoritees on goddes name To prechyng and to scole of clergye. a1535 T. More Confut. Barnes in (1557) 770/2 Hys fyrst authorite be these words of saynte Austyne in hys fyftieth sermon. a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 232 Then lasheth he forth many authorities and examples. 1609 W. Shakespeare xii. 30 By turning ore Authorities . View more context for this quotation 1699 R. Bentley (new ed.) 454 Here are four Authorities then..for the low valuation of the Sicilian Talent. 1706 A. Pope 22 Oct. (1956) I. 24 To corroborate..[these observations] by some great Authorities..in Tully and Quintilian. 1806 July 518/1 An impartial or inattentive reader might suppose that the authority for the first fact had been omitted by accident. 1876 J. R. Green Pref. 6 Giving in detail the authorities for every statement. 1914 N. G. Bennett p. viii Certain details of orthography, syntax, and punctuation to be found in this book are perhaps somewhat unusual: my authorities are chiefly The Concise Oxford Dictionary, The King's English, [etc.]. 1949 H. A. R. Gibb x. 178 The Salafis agree with the modernists..in accepting Koran and Sunna as the sole authority for religious truth. 1992 10 194 This dictionary is the authority for the orthography of the edition. II. Power to enforce obedience or compliance, or a party possessing it. society > authority > [noun] society > law > legal power > [noun] 1340 (1866) 147 (MED) He [sc. a Christian] chasteþ and diȝt þe foles be þe autorite þet he heþ. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. l. 2925 The Pope..Of his Papal Autorite Hath mad and yove the decre. 1485 (St. Albans) iii. sig. eiij The[y] chose an other man the wich shuld haue more auctorite then they [sc. Lucius and Brutus], & thei clepeed hym dictator. 1590 (Malh.) II. 176 He hath aucthoritie over all kinges and princes. 1598 R. Barret iv. 113 Their Colours..represent the authoritie Royall. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. ii. 121 Proud man, Drest in a little briefe authoritie,..Plaies such phantastique tricks before high heauen, As makes the Angels weepe. View more context for this quotation 1665 R. Boyle iv. xi. sig. Ee4v I allow lawfull Authority a Jurisdiction over my Actions, that I deny it over my Opinions. a1680 S. Butler (1759) I. 251 Authority is a Disease and Cure, Which Men can neither want, nor well endure. 1748 J. Wesley 22 Mar. (1931) II. 133 The Bishop..has no more authority in what is called the Bishop's Court than the Pope of Rome. 1798 T. J. Mathias (ed. 5) 261 Should the insigne of a Chancellor's authority be borne by a mongrel robustious satellite of a French Directory? 1830 G. Price 77 The Cursitor Baron..has no judicial authority in the Court of Exchequer. 1872 J. Ruskin §94 If ever you find yourselves set in positions of authority. 1922 S. Lewis vii. 93 Once in a while I got to assert my authority, and..I told him just exactly where he got off. 1956 W. S. Churchill II. iv. ii. 16 The Wars of the Roses had weakened English authority in Wales. 1998 22 Jan. 144/2 I worked at Burger King, McDonald's, and KFC—but I had a problem with authority. 2005 (Nexis) 18 Jan. a7 Teachers abuse their authority. 3. Power derived from or conferred by another; the right to act in a specified way, delegated from one person or organization to another; official permission, authorization; an instance of this. society > authority > delegated authority > [noun] c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 59 And I assoille hym by the auctoritee Which þt by bulle ygraunted was to me. a1425 J. Wyclif (1869) I. 56 Reprovede him sharpli bi autorite of God. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 8 If he pronounce wiþ out autorite..aȝennis þe lordis wille. 1483 King Richard III in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 153 Upon auctorite or commission yeven unto him. 1535 Mark xi. 28 By what auctorite dost thou these things, and who gaue the this auctorite. 1587 J. Bridges xiv. 1170 Euerie of the Tetrarches, had his seuerall and ioynt authoritie portioned out vnto him. 1609 L. Owen tr. 182 All the Metropolitans of the Ruthenians and Moscouites haue their authoritie from the Patriarch of Constantinople. 1671 F. Philipps 183 Without the bounds or limits of their commissionated authority. 1777 P. Van Cortlandt Let. 7 Oct. in J. Judd (1977) 242 The Powers and Authorities which the said Committees and the said Commissioners respectively have heretofore used. 1790 E. Burke 6 To open a formal public correspondence..without the express authority of the government under which I live. View more context for this quotation 1834 T. Carlyle iii. vii. 89/2 He carries in him an authority from God. 1867 E. A. Freeman I. iv. 274 An English Ealdorman..ruled only with a delegated authority. 1939 E. Lengyel iii. ii. 365 France, Great Britain, Prussia and Sardinia obtained representation on this Commission by authority of the Treaty of Paris of 1856. 1995 7 Dec. 22/5 The wheelclamping of a vehicle parked without authority on private land. c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 471 Han noght oure myghty princes to me yeuen Ye bothe power and auctoritee To maken folk to dyen or to lyuen. ?a1425 in P. Gradon (1988) II. 337 Alle þese wryterus of Godus lawe hadden auctorite of God to be scribis of Godus word. 1535 Ezra vii. 24 Ye shall haue no auctorite to requyre taxinge & custome. 1559 Bp. Scot in J. Strype (1824) I. ii. App. vii. 13 By commission from him, prestes hathe aucthorytie to forgyve sin. a1639 J. Spottiswood (1655) v. 241 A Lieutenant should be appointed..with full authority to administrate all affairs. 1699 H. Curson 324 They, or any of them have Authority to Inquire by 12 Sad Men, and Discreet Persons of the Cheque Roll. 1721 E. Young iv. i. 43 Am I not your Wife? Have not I just Authority to know That Heart? 1799 tr. J.-F. de Bourgoing II. 294 In vain was Cacault vested with plenipotential authority to negotiate. 1855 W. H. Prescott Pref. 8 I also obtained the authority of Prince Metternich to inspect the Archives of the Empire. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards iv. 20 The authority to sell does not include a power to receive the purchase-money. 1903 A. Adams vii. 90 If you have no authority to cut this trail then you don't cut this herd. 1955 9 July 11/7 The corporation had agreed to seek authority from the Minister to derequisition the plaintiffs' premises. 1992 26 Dec. 69/2 The Harms inquiry was given no authority to consider evidence from outside South Africa. society > authority > [noun] > those in authority ?1553 (1952) iii. vi. 31 Nowe lett vs sing yf ytt please Authoritee to refreshe oure spirites yt ys restorytee. 1556 J. Withals (new ed.) at Constitutio A thyng ordeigned, as by the Churches or other aucthoritie. 1611 1 Pet. iii. 22 Angels, and authorities, and powers being made subject vnto him. View more context for this quotation 1652 M. Nedham in tr. J. Selden Ep. Ded. 1 The Supreme Autoritie of the Nation, the Parlament of the Common-wealth of England. 1682 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) I. 233 Authority has thought fitt..to prosecute the offenders for the same. 1765 T. Hutchinson (ed. 2) iii. 395 The authority treated him kindly, and sent him home. 1859 J. S. Mill 172 It is a proper office of public authority to guard against accidents. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone xx. 403 Not having money enough with him to pay the fine, the Mosambique authorities considerately allowed him to go back to Quillimane, to collect some debts. 1880 25 Dec. 809 The actual authorities of the Post Office. 1909 8 Sept. 2/3 The Port of London Authority is a thoroughly practical body of men. 1938 E. Goudge (1998) vi. 126 They could now swear as much as they liked and get nothing worse than a fine of twelve pence per cuss overheard by authority. 1941 ‘G. Orwell’ 16 The genuinely popular culture of England is something that goes on beneath the surface, unofficially and more or less frowned on by the authorities. 1951 189/2 It is usually possible to obtain the free services of one through the local Health Authority. 1996 7 May 15/5 Pro-democracy opposition leaders have said military authorities acted irresponsibly and illegally. 2008 (National ed.) 12 Sept. a13/5 In Houston, the authorities..urged people..to remain in their homes. III. Power to influence action, opinion, or belief, or a party possessing it. 5. society > authority > [noun] > authoritativeness, due, or established authority a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 2628 (MED) Thei that writen the scripture Of Grek, Arabe and of Caldee, Thei were of such Auctorite, That [etc.]. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 474 Proued..As wel by werk as by auctoritee. 1481 W. Caxton tr. iii. xii. sig. l3v Good clerkes..of grete auctoryte. 1598 W. Shakespeare i. i. 86 Small haue continuall plodders euer wonne, Saue base aucthoritie from others Bookes. View more context for this quotation 1607 R. Parker i. ii. 97 They vilifie it and detract much authoritie from it. a1677 I. Barrow (1683) II. 119 The auctority of the ancients doth more prevail with me. 1724 A. Collins Pref. 18 Is there anything that..stifles the light of truth, but autority? 1794 R. J. Sulivan II. 231 The proper way of reasoning from authority, that what seems true to some wise men, may upon that account be esteemed somewhat probable. 1820 Feb. 162/2 He has..taught the rough and barbarous phrases of Linnæus to change their very form and origin, and to put on the garb of classical authority. 1859 J. S. Mill ii. 21/2 He is either led by authority, or adopts..the side to which he feels most inclination. 1935 New Ser. IV. 215/2 She found the opportunity to engage in extensive historical and genealogical researches, and her authority in this field was unquestioned. 1977 I. Woodward iv. xvii. 178 Many small private dancing schools already existed, but few with the necessary authority of classical training behind them. 2012 R. Knight in H. Doe & R. Harding 2 Thirty-five years later the book's authority is undiminished. society > authority > power > influence > [noun] c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §197 Grete thynges ne ben nat ay acompliced..but by good conseil, by Auctoritee of persones, & by Science. ?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 92 in (1970) i. 55 Syn thow art of swich auctoritee, Lady pitous..Þat our lord god nat list to werne thee Of thy requeste. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 531 Hiȝe in wisdom and in auctorite and in fame. ?1542 H. Brinkelow i. sig. A5 Them which beare any auctoryte..in the cowncel or parlament. 1625 W. Lisle in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas iii. 121 (note) Some great man of authority or cunning Pilot..led the over-creases of some people thither. 1673 R. Allestree i. i §20 Such an autority there is in vertue, that where 'tis eminent, 'tis apt to controle all loose desires. 1705 J. Addison Ded. sig. A2 With Your Lordship's Interest and Authority in England. 1792 J. Almon (octavo ed.) III. xliv. 202 It is your duty, my Lords, as the grand hereditary council of the nation..to feel your own weight and authority. 1846 R. Whately (ed. 7) i. iii. 118 The person, body, or book, in favour of whose decisions there is a certain presumption, is said to have, so far, authority. 1869 J. H. W. Stuckenberg xi. 243 Whilst he [sc. Luther] lived his authority was such as to prevent the success of various efforts to rend violently the church in Germany. 1916 21 Sept. 9/5 Any officer lacking the authority to make his men resist to the death will be liable to Court-martial. 1968 B. Q. Madison vii. 124 She lost her authority in class, but under no circumstances would she yield. 1993 J. Malcolm (1995) 103 He isn't bullying. He has this authority. When he says ‘Please don't,’ you obey. 1875 May 633/1 The chorus sang with authority. 1939 14 Dec. (Sports section) Both boys hit with authority, and while neither dropped, they were shaken. 1987 S. Fiffer ii. 33 A hitter might be able to get around on that pitch and hit it with authority. 1994 Aug. 26/1 Walnut sauce, puttanesca with capers and olives, and white sauce rich with eggplant and lamb are handled with authority. 2006 (Nexis) 1 Apr. 110 It's time for the Reds to ditch their ‘team under construction’ tag with a display of authority..because whole seasons cannot be sugarcoated in terms like ‘spirited’ and ‘promising’. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > basis of testimony, authority a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 1240 (MED) Seynt poule þat sagh goddys pryuyte, he seyþ yn hys autoryte A feyre wurd vs for to saue. a1425 (?a1350) (BL Add. 32578) (1907) l. 330 Whethire was it saide þe soo, Or of þin awen outorytye? a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. i. f. iiiiv Therof is founde lytell auctoryte. 1587 F. Thynne Ann. Scotl. 457/2 in (new ed.) II Vntill I may see good authoritie to disprooue it. 1685 E. Stillingfleet i. 45 Their Proofs are very slight and inconsiderable, and depend chiefly on the authority of Simeon Metaphrastes or other Legendary Writers. 1710 H. Prideaux v. 253 I deny not Ingulph's autority to be good, but for his Copy there is his autority only. 1783 Sept. 765/1 The embassy of Warwick.., and the consequent breach between him and Edward the Fourth, though they have been long received as historical facts, are of doubtful authority. 1850 4 188 This word..is not to be found as the name of this singular marsupial animal in any language of Australia..I have this on the authority of my friend Captain King. 1871 B. F. DeCosta iv. 37 The Honorary Member inquired if Mr. Bancroft did not say..that the English bombarded the French fort. Mr. Oldstyle replied that he did, but that his statement lacked authority; for himself, he would not take anything without ‘authority’. 1939 G. B. Shaw iii. 107 Until that is delivered the story has no authority. 1953 6 May 4/1 We have it on the authority of Samuel Johnson that [etc.]. 1991 S. Faludi ii. iv. 79 Trend journalism attains authority not through actual reporting but through the power of repetition. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > expert, specialist, authority 1545 R. Ascham i. f. 13 They determine all controuersies, by these .ii. Poetes and suche lyke authorities. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense Let. Aristotle 77 in To confront such celebrated Authorities. 1671 N. Lockyer 7 The poor Jaylor may be a further authority, for this Doctrine which I have observed. 1776 W. Strahan Let. 25 Sept. in A. Smith (1977) clx. 199 I have the Satisfaction to acquaint you, from the best Authority, that General Calton..made a sally from Quebec. 1855 W. H. Prescott I. ii. vi. 210 Historians in a season of faction are not the best authorities. 1860 R. Williams 59 Egyptian authorities continue the reign of Menephthah later. 1869 A. J. Ellis I. i. iii. 65 Wallis is the great authority for the fully developed pronunciation of the XVIIth century. 1921 C. Sandburg 68 There is no authority in the phone book for us to call and ask the why. 1927 A. Conan Doyle 35 Certainly I should not like now to pose as an authority upon ceramics. 1960 16 Feb. 78/1 America's top authorities confirm there is absolutely no risk with hormonized meat. 2002 13 Oct. (Business section) 4/2 One of the country's leading authorities on digital fraud. Phrasessociety > authority > [phrase] a1475 J. Fortescue (Laud) (1885) 145 Men that were in grete auctorite and offices. 1551 R. Robinson in tr. T. More Epist. sig. ✠v Nowe placed in aucthorytye, and called to honoure. 1572 i. f. 75v Some in Authority..do sometimes procure and suborne false accusations to be forged & testified. 1611 Prov. xxix. 2 When the righteous are in authoritie, the people rejoyce. View more context for this quotation 1680 F. Moore in H. Townshend 328 No poor Man ought to be in Authority..[because] he will..Bribe you, and Extort you. 1722 W. Sewel Pref. Even Christ, speaking to Persons in Authority, called them by the Name of Friend. 1757 M. Postlethwayt p. liii But we rarely find, that the severest Raillery, or most poinant Satyr..have any other Tendency, than to make Men in Authority the more obstinate and pertinacious in their Misconduct. 1853 C. Dickens xlv. 438 Those who are put in authority over me (as the catechism goes). 1878 J. P. Hopps x. 36 The people in authority..would try to stop him. 1918 G. M. Battey (1919) 302 Any body in authority is ‘the man’. 1964 24 July 45/1 Had someone in authority in Washington lost his nerve? 2001 R. Holloway i. 4 Those in authority not only organised things to suit themselves, they interpreted things to suit themselves. 1631 P. Heylyn ii. i. 132 For so on good authoritie, I have made bold to render Comes in this place and time. 1680 W. Petyt vi. sig. F2v I have it on good Authority, that even in the East-India Trade..our Merchants sold the Indian Commodities so low [etc.]. 1746 Nov. 597/1 I will relate on this occasion a conversation, which we have on good authority. 1773 J. Lind ii. 20 If this be true—(and I have it on authority, which to me is conclusive)—it must be owned, that the emperor has made a good progress in the school of Prussia. 1837 3 June 29/2 The Company has not yet been entirely formed, but we have it on authority, that neither Buckstone, nor Farren will be engaged. 1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 12 I have been recently informed on excellent authority. 1903 21 Feb. 452/1 Our Dublin contemporary states ‘on strong authority’ that..His Majesty has given special instructions that further inquiries should be made on the subject. 1939 21 June 6/7 The paper has it on good authority that the Dutch Government policy in defending the guilder is guided by a definite margin. 1992 J. Kelman 57 I also know on good authority of people who've received beatings by the police. Compounds1678 R. Cudworth Contents sig. l2 These Justice-Makers and Authority-Makers, pretend to derive their Factitious Justice, from Pacts and Covenants. a1832 J. Bentham (1843) X. xx. 519/2 Authority-worshipper's; or Blind-confidence-preacher's device or argument. 1844 1 Mar. 187 You, worthy, peace-loving, authority-loving, devout citizens. 1989 J. Updike iv. 134 My authority-worshipping Germanness. 1992 A. V. Roberts xii. 202 Organizing that mass of untrained, authority-hating individuals into a cohesive fighting force was no easy matter. C2. society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority 1948 12 336/1 Propositions on the causes and consequences of hostility feelings toward authority figures are applied by the author. 1986 S. Forward (1987) i. ii. 29 Jim had a nasty temper and would fight with any authority figure on the job. 1995 July 14/2 Everyone looked so goofy, including authority figures. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.?c1225 |
