† kitheadj.
Obsolete.
Known. Cf. couth adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > [adjective] > known
couthOE
kitheOE
kent1513
bekenda1522
kenneda1525
understooda1616
taped1892
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 111/1 Cognitum : cyþ [OE Brussels 1650 cuþ].
OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) v. 33 Delictum meum cognitum tibi feci : gild mine cyðne ðe ic dyde.
lOE Salisbury Psalter xv. 11 Notas mihi fecisti uias uitæ : cyþ [other versions cuþe, cuðe] me þu dydest wegas lifes.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 18 Ac þæs Hælendes word heom beoð þenne cyðe [OE Cambr. Ii.4.6 cuðe], þe ðus sæde to heom.., Ego & pater unum sumus.
c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 176 For þam ȝyf hit þenne sone monnum cyþ wære, þenne wære moniȝ mon þurh þæt to his ileafen ærest æt frymþe sone ichærred.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
kithekythev.
/kʌɪð/, U.S. /kaɪð/, Scottish English /kaɪθ/α. Old English cýðe, Old English cýðu, Old English–Middle English kýþe, Old English–Middle English kýðe, Middle English kiþ, Middle English kiþe, Middle English kyeth, Middle English kyþe, Middle English–1500s kith, Middle English–1500s kyith, Middle English–1700s kyth, Middle English–1800s kithe, Middle English–1800s kythe, 1500s kaithe, 1500s keyth; 3rd singular Old English cyþ, Middle English ciþ, Middle English kiþ, Middle English kyþ. c825 Vesp. Psalter xlix. [l.] 7 Ic cyðu ðe ðætte god god ðin ic eam.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxviii. 10 Farað and cyðað minum gebroþrum.c1160 Hatton Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 10 Fareð and kyðeð mine ȝebroðre.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 59 Þat he cið on alle wise.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 To kiðen cristes to cume.a1300 Cursor Mundi 22737 His come to kyeth.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 912 I schal a-non it kythe.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12164 Nathing wald yee to me kyth [Fairf. kiþe, Trin. Cambr. kiþ].1486 Bk. St. Albans E vij b That he wolde hym kith.1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 128 in Wks. (1931) I To keyth hir craftynes.1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 107 Kyith I am cummin hame.1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xli. 34 Thair ioukers durst not kyith thair cure.a1600 Battle of Balrinnes in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 349 Giue he into this countrie kaithe [rhyme blaithe].
β. Middle English couth, Middle English cuiþe, Middle English cuþ (3rd singular), Middle English cuþe, Middle English cuyþe, Middle English kuiþe, Middle English kuþe, Middle English kuyþe. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 His leoman him cuþað þet he ne bið quic longe.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðat child..cuð mid his wope.a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 Cuið in me hwat is milce.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2963 Cuþeþ nouþe þat ȝe beþ men [v.rr. Kithe, Cuyþe].c1320 Cast. Love 590 Þat so muche loue hi kuiþe wolde.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 181 I couth [v.r. kiþe] it in owre cloistre þat al owre couent wote it.
γ. Middle English keth, Middle English kethe, Middle English keþe. c1315 Shoreham 7 God þorwe miracles keþeþ hit.c1315 Shoreham 20 To keþen ous hiis ryche.c1330 Arthour & Merlin 2131 Merlin..bad him orpedliche he schuld kethe [rhyme dethe].c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 387 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 161 For-þi þi crafte þu keth one me, & waryse myn Infyrmyte.
2. Past tense.α. Old English cýðde, Old English–Middle English cydde, Middle English kidd, Middle English kiþed, Middle English kiþid, Middle English kyd, Middle English kydd, Middle English kydde, Middle English kydde, Middle English kyþed, Middle English–1500s kid, Middle English–1500s kidde, Middle English–1500s kiþit, Middle English–1500s kiþyd, Middle English–1500s kiþyt, Middle English–1500s kyde, Middle English– kithed, Middle English– kythed. OE Crist I 65 Hit ær gefyrn witgan wisfæste wordum sægdon, cyðdon Cristes gebyrd.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 33 Ða hyrdas..cyddon [c1160 Hatton Gosp. kydden] ealle þas þing.a1175 Cott. Hom. 227 Se ængel..cydde hyre þat godes sune sceolde beon acenned of hire.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1394 Rebecca..kiddit to hire broðer.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 281 Þe werre bigan, and kid it so couth.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5287 Þe menskful messangers..kiþed here arnd. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 411 He turned to and kydde [v.r. kudde] al the myght of his wicche craft.?a1550 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 100 The grit wonder and miraclis that tha kid.1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 31v Sen ȝe on me befoir kyde sic kindnes.1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 438 He kythed such great gifts.
β. Middle English cudde, Middle English kud, Middle English kudde. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 Þe engel cudde þe herdes..þat þe helende was..iboren.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2379 Þere he kudde wat he was. a1387Kudde [see α. forms].
γ. Middle English kedde, Middle English kethit (Scottish). c1200 Moral Ode (Trin. MS.) 193 Muchel luue he us kedde.c1330 Arthour & Merlin 3910 Thai kedden her noble might.c1460 Launfal 580 Gyfre kedde he was good at nede.c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 232 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 228 Þat kethit wele þat he wes mek.
3. Past participle.α. Old English cýþed, Old English gecýþed, Middle English i-kid, Middle English keid, Middle English kid, Middle English kidd, Middle English kidde, Middle English kide, Middle English kyd, Middle English kydd, Middle English kydde, Middle English kyde, Middle English kyth, Middle English y-kid, Middle English y-kidde, Middle English y-kyd, Middle English y-kydde, Middle English–1500s kithit, Middle English–1800s kithed, Middle English–1800s kythed, 1500s kithyd, 1500s kyith, 1500s kyithit. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. xvii. [xix.] 460 Eallra heora dome wæs cyþed, þæt [etc.].c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints iv. 348 Þæt heo næfre on hire life gecyðed wære. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1060 It was loude kid.1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 393 He hadde y-kyd [v.rr. kidde, ykud, kydde] his woodnesse.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6609 It sal be kydd [Gött. kidd].c1460 Pol., Rel. & L. Poems 254 Cowþe ykid in euery cost.c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxix. xii Vnto no manne was it kyde [rhyme hid].1528 D. Lindsay Dreme 1050 Dame Fortune..hes lairgli kyith on the hir cure.a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 116 What, have ye kythyd yow a knyght?1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 46 Christ hes vs kyithit greit conforting.1640 R. Baillie Ladensium Αὐτοκατάκρισις iii. 33 Whereto the faction hath not kythed too passionat a love.
β. Middle English icud, Middle English ikud, Middle English ikudd, Middle English kud, Middle English ykud. a1225 Juliana 24 Hit were sone iseid þe keiser ant ikudd to þe kinge.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1328 He miȝte abbe..ikud me loue. a1387Ykud [see α. forms].
γ. Middle English ked, Middle English kedd, Middle English kedde. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1386 But they be kedd.
Now Scottish and northern dialect.
Signification.† 3. transitive. To exhibit, display, or manifest practically (a feeling, quality, capacity, etc.); hence, to exercise, practise, perform, do. Obsolete.† 4. To acknowledge, confess, own; to recognize. (With simple object or object and complement.) Obsolete.
1. transitive. To make known.† a. To make known in words; to announce, proclaim, declare, tell. (With simple object or object clause.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)]
kithec725
i-bedea800
abedeeOE
bid971
deemOE
bodea1000
tellOE
clepec1275
to tell outa1382
denouncec1384
publishc1384
descryc1390
pronouncec1390
proclaima1393
sound1412
proclaim?a1425
renouncea1425
announcec1429
preconize?1440
announce1483
reclaim?1503
call1523
to speak forth1526
annunciate1533
protest1533
to breathe out1535
denouncec1540
enact1611
deblazon1621
deblaze1640
advise1647
apostolize1652
indigitatea1670
enounce1807
voice1850
norate1851
enunciate1864
post1961
c725 Corpus Gloss. 1150 Intimandum, to cyðenne.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 26 Ic him cyðde ðinne naman & gyt wylle cyþan.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 117 Þat þu..mine speche heom cuðe.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 632 He comm dun wiþþ godess word To kiþenn itt onn eorðe.
c1330 King of Tars 341 Heore sorwe couthe no mon kithe.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 235 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 102 Confess cleir can I nocht nor kyth all ye cass.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 599/1 I kythe, I shewe or declare a thyng, as he kytheth from whence I am (Lydgate), je demonstre. This terme is nat vsed in comen spetche.
b. To make known by action, appearance, etc.; to manifest, show, prove, demonstrate, indicate. (With simple object, object clause, or object and complement) Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)]
uppec897
atewOE
sutelec1000
openOE
awnc1175
kithec1175
forthteec1200
tawnec1220
let witc1275
forthshowa1300
to pilt out?a1300
showa1300
barea1325
mythc1330
unfoldc1374
to open outc1390
assign1398
mustera1400
reyve?a1400
vouchc1400
manifest?a1425
outshowc1425
ostendc1429
explayc1443
objecta1500
reveala1500
patefy?1509
decipher1529
relieve1533
to set outa1540
utter1542
report1548
unbuckle1548
to set forth1551
demonstrate1553
to hold forth1560
testify1560
explicate1565
forthsetc1565
to give show of1567
denudec1572
exhibit1573
apparent1577
display?1578
carry1580
cipher1583
laya1586
foreshow1590
uncloud?1594
vision1594
explain1597
proclaim1597
unroll1598
discloud1600
remonstrate1601
resent1602
to bring out1608
palesate1613
pronounce1615
to speak out1623
elicit1641
confess1646
bear1657
breathe1667
outplay1702
to throw out1741
evolve1744
announce1781
develop1806
exfoliate1808
evince1829
exposit1882
pack1925
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 99 Elches monnes weorc cuðað [printed cuðan] hwilc gast hine wissað.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 492 Sche kytheth what she is.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13983 Iesus..mani a-pert meracle did, Quar wit to man kind he him kid.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. i. 4 Trees to florish and frute furth bryng, Thare kynde that it be kyd.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 29 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 230 He kidde [c1650 Percy held] himself no cowarde.
1641 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 1 Jan. (1855) 156 They bothe..did kythe thameselffes enemeis to the gude caus.
a1734 R. Wodrow in W. K. Tweedie Select Biogr. (1845) I. 100 (E.D.D.) He began to kyth his sickness the first of March.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 153 Their faces blythe, fu' sweetly kythe, Hearts leal, an' warm, an' kin'.
1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. v. 161 It would have kythed Cellini mad, had he never done ony thing else out of the gate.]
c. To make manifest to the sight, to show, exhibit, discover; reflexive to show oneself, appear.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)]
to set beforea1000
openOE
showlOE
to put forth?c1225
kithe1297
to make (a) showing ofc1330
presenta1398
representa1398
to lay forthc1420
splayc1440
discovera1450
advisea1500
to set to (the) show?1510
to stall out1547
outlay1555
exhibit1573
strew1579
wray1587
displaya1616
ostentate1630
elevate1637
re-exhibita1648
expound1651
unveil1657
subject1720
flare1862
skin1873
patent1889
showcase1939
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5098 Wanne þe relikes of halwen yfounde were and ykud.
c1330 Arthour & Merlin 3869 The other no might ben y-kidde Behinden hem thai werren y-hidde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13095 Hu lang siþe, Sal he him hide and not kiþe.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 52 As the new mone..Kythis quhilis her cleir face throw cluddis of sable.
1594 King James VI Let. Q. Eliz. 13 Apr. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) IV. 216 Ever plainliest kything himself where greatest confluence of people was.
1846 Drummond's Muckomachy iii. lvi. 68 When the moon begoud to keek From Thetis' rim, and kythe her disk.
2.
a. intransitive for reflexive. To show oneself or itself, come forth to sight; to manifest or display itself; to become known; to appear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible
ariseOE
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225
'peara1382
appear1382
kithea1400
to show out?a1425
muster?1435
to come forthc1449
to look outa1470
apparish1483
to show forth1487
come1531
to come out?1548
peer1568
to look through1573
glimpse1596
loom1605
rise1615
emicate1657
emike1657
present1664
opena1691
emerge1700
dawn1744
to come down the pike1812
to open out1813
to crop out1849
unmask1858
to come through1868
to show up1879
to come (etc.) out of thin air1932
surface1961
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 11416 At þe last þis stern it kid.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4276 Luken luue at þe end wil kith.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 18 The langer ay the better it did kyth.
1585 Papers Jas. Carmichael in Wodrow Soc. Misc. 430 Our true humility shall appear, and the fruit of our forming to that work kythe.
c1635 W. Scot Apol. Narration (1846) 80 They were insisting with his Majesty to kythe in action against the forfaulted Earles.
1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xii. 117 A kindly spirit, which would sometimes kythe in actions of charity.
1822 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 12 309 In what colours other ladies intended to kithe before Majesty.
1829 Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. 25 750 The evening star kithed like a gem.
1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 108 If you loe me, let it kythe.
b. with complement. To show oneself or itself in some specified aspect; to appear, seem, or prove to be.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (intransitive)] > in specific aspect
kithec1330
to shape up1938
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 240 With Leulyn gan he kith to be þe kynges traytour.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 167 Hir habeit fell down couering to hir feit, And..ane verray god did hir kith.
1565 Sc. Metrical Psalms xviii. 26 Pure to the pure, froward thou kythst Unto the froward wight.
a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 89 Nor did any kithe so foolish as the Priests.
1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 169 Such as hes kythed favourers of the forefeited rebells.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 295 It kythes bright to the ee, because all is dark around it.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)]
i-sothea925
soothec950
fanda1000
kitheOE
betell1048
showc1175
prove?c1225
treousec1275
stablisha1325
approve1340
verifyc1386
justifya1393
tryc1412
answer?a1425
appreve?c1450
to make gooda1470
convictc1475
averifyc1503
arguea1513
find1512
pree1515
comprobate1531
demonstrate1538
conclude1549
convince1555
argument1558
evict1571
avoucha1593
evidencea1601
remonstrate1601
clear1605
attaint1609
monstrate1609
evince1610
evince1611
improve1613
remonstrance1621
to make out1653
ascertain1670
to bring off1674
to make (something) to through1675
render1678
substantiatea1691
establisha1704
to bring out1727
realize1763
validate1775
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)] > by one's action or behaviour
kitheOE
haveOE
showc1175
discoverc1450
to show outc1450
to show forthc1515
manifesta1525
testify1560
specifya1575
witness1581
mark1791
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > be disclosed or revealed
to come to (also in, on) (the) lightOE
sutelea1000
kitheOE
unfoldc1350
disclosea1513
burst1542
to break up1584
to take vent1611
vent1622
bleed1645
emerge1664
to get (also have) vent1668
to get or take wind1668
to stand (appear) confessed1708
eclat1736
perspire1748
transpire1748
to come out1751
develop1805
unroll1807
spunk1808
effloresce1834
to come to the front1871
to show up1879
out1894
evolve1920
to come or crawl out of the woodwork1964
the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)] > exercise or put into practice (principle or quality)
kithec1330
usec1330
apply1395
execute14..
in urec1420
exercisea1513
to put into (also in) practice1553
reduce1581
to make practice of1623
exsert1665
exert1682
OE Beowulf 2695 Andlongne eorl ellen cyðan.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 153 Mildheortnesse God kudde monne.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1297 Þer hii kudde hor prowesse.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 132 Warre on him gan he kithe.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 341 He kydde his tyrauntyse on his gestes.
c1440 York Myst. xl. 149 I thanke youe of þis kyndinesse ȝe kydde me.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 158 In erd ȝe kyth sic mirakillis heir.
1613 W. Browne Shepherd's Pipe (1869) i. 187 Your bountee on me kythe.
1641 R. Baillie Parallel Compar. Liturgie with Masse-bk. vii. 77 None of all the reformed Churches have kythed more zeale against Images.
1724 in Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 164 Well can my Jocky kyth His love and courtesy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)]
kenc975
kithec1000
acknowOE
anyetec1175
knowledgec1225
beknowc1325
avow1330
granta1400
acknowledge1481
recognize1509
confess1526
profess1526
testify1526
reacknowledge1550
avouch1606
to take with ——a1653
upgivea1776
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) x. 32 Ælcne..þe me cyð beforan mannun, ic cyðe hyne beforan minum fæder [c1160 Hatton Gosp. kyð, ic kyðe].
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 231 He..his trouthe me had iplyght, For everemore hys lady me to kythe.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1368 Vche duk..Schulde com to his court to kyþe hym for lege.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. vi. 16 Nane persayvyd hyr woman Bot all kythyd hyr as man.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Mivv/1 Kythe, acknowlege, agnoscere.
1613 T. Jackson Eternall Truth Script. i. viii. §1 That the sons of Isaac and Ishmael..should kithe each other with as little scruple as if they were full cousin germans.
5. past participle kid, kyd, i-kyd, etc. Made known, declared; hence, Known, well known, famed, renowned; with complement. Well-known as.., acknowledged to be... (See also kid adj.)
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 54 Heo..walde..wið þe wise sone beon icuððet [a1250 Titus cuððet, a1250 Nero icud] & icnawen.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1929 Seint eleine ys moder þat wis was wide ikud [v.rr. ykud, kydde, kud].
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 110 Komen was he of kun þat kud was ful nobul.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 274 In many a lond my name ys kud aboute.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 699 That ye nat discouere me; For I am deed, if that this thyng be kyd.
1486 Bk. St. Albans E iv b The Robucke as hit is weele kyde At holyrode day he gooth to Ryde.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 504 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 110 Throwout cristendome kid War ye deidis yat he did.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
adj.OE
v.c725