| 释义 |
authorizev. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French auctoriser; Latin auctorizare. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman auctorizer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French autoriser, auctoriser, autorisier, Middle French authoriser, auttoriser (French autoriser ) to approve, sanction (12th cent. in Old French as actorisier ), to accept (something, especially a text) as authentic or authoritative (1139), to vouch for the truth of, to certify, prove (13th cent.), to place (a person) in a position of power or authority (13th cent.), to make legally valid (late 14th cent. or earlier), to exalt oneself, to boast (c1531 in an apparently isolated attestation; reflexive), to justify (an action or behaviour) (a1588 in the passage translated in quot. 1603 at sense 6a, or earlier), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin auctorizare (also auctorisare ) to confirm (9th cent.), to acknowledge as valid (10th cent.), to make authoritative, ratify, approve (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), to invest (a person) with authority (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin auctor author n. + post-classical Latin -izare -ize suffix. Compare Old Occitan auctorisar (1319; also autorisar), Catalan autoritzar (14th cent.), Spanish autorizar (15th cent.), Portuguese autorizar (15th cent.; 1360 as †outorisar), Italian autorizzare (first half of the 13th cent. as †actoriçare). Compare also Middle Dutch auctorisēren (Dutch autoriseren; earliest in sense ‘to canonize’), German authorisieren (1500 as †autorisiren).With the variation in the α. forms, compare discussion at author n. and also forms at authority n. The β. forms show suffix substitution (compare -ish suffix2), probably facilitated by a variant stress pattern with (primary) stress on the second syllable in early modern English (compare e.g. quots. a1616 at sense 1a, 1609 at sense 3a). It is possible that some Older Scots forms in -eis , -es , -is may show β. forms (compare the Scots forms at e.g. nourish v., punish v.). †1. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > on basis of authority a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 2415 This I finde ek of record Which the cronique hath auctorized. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan iii. i. sig. Lv The more that a werke is wytnessed..the more it is auctorysed and more auctentyke. 1581 R. Mulcaster iii. 11 The writers credite oftimes authoriseth the thing, and the truth of the thing doth make the man an authoure. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 65 A womans story, at a Winters fire Authoriz'd by her Grandam. View more context for this quotation 1646 Sir T. Browne 75 Multiplying obscurities in nature, and authorising hidden qualities that are false. View more context for this quotation 1724 ii. v. 43 Nay, not from me the News, 'Twas Arrenion authoriz'd the Story. 1759 C. W. F. Walch i. i. 36 The order attributed to him, that a Bishop should be always attended by two priests and three deacons is but slightly authorised. ?1543 tr. Erasmus sig. Aiiiv This foole was onely auctorised a wyse man by the reuelacion of the goddes. 1579 W. Fulke Confut. Treat. N. Sander in 536 Neither is the credite of such late writers, as account them for successors of the Apostles.., sufficient to authorise them for such in deed, when their whole life and doctrine is contrarie to the writings of the Apostles. 2. society > authority > [verb (transitive)] > set up as authoritative a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 1480 (MED) Bot Hermes Above alle othre in this science..hadde a gret experience..Whos bokes yit ben auctorized. c1400 J. Gower (1901) II. 491 Cassodre, whos writinge is auctorized, Seith [etc.]. c1450 Jack Upland's Rejoinder (Digby) l. 239 in P. L. Heyworth (1968) 109 Þou autorisest ȝour pride aȝenes his holi werkes. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin 509/2 To the end the word of God may be authorized, and men know that we must be heard. 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes III. xvii. 116 Let the Courtier..authorize his Prince's Court with Liveries. 1683 S. Patrick ii. 35 These two Bibles thus equally authorised, as the onely authentick ones, abound..with contradictions, or contrarieties, one to the other. 2000 S. Connor iv. 105 They also began to authorize their writings with accounts of their own direct promptings by the divine. society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > vest authority in a person [verb (transitive)] > invest a person with authority 1440 J. Capgrave (1977) l. 1974 Þei wold not admitte no new prechoure Til he was auctorized of Norbert. a1450 (?c1430) J. Lydgate (Huntington) (1931) l. 177 Ful ofte sithe I haue ben auctorised [a1500 Lansd. auttorised] To hye Emprises & thynges of grete fame. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. lxxxxvii. f. xxxviii After that he of this Realme was Auctorysyd for kynge. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Matt. iii. f. 17 Did manyfestly auctoryse his sonne. 1649 J. Milton 16 The Dragon gave to the beast his..autority: which beast so autoriz'd most expound to be the tyrannical powers and Kingdomes of the earth. 1659 J. Gauden iii. xxvii. 357 The Bishops and Ministers of their Christian and Reformed Religion, so much heretofore authorised & reverenced by the voice of the whole Nation in its Parlaments? 1770 ‘Junius’ (1772) II. xli. 126 Will you..tell the world by what law..you were authorised? the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > support oneself [verb (reflexive)] a1586 Sir P. Sidney sig. D1v The Historian..loden with old Mouse-eaten records, authorising himselfe (for the most part) vpon other histories. the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > pretend to superiority [verb (reflexive)] 1590 Sir P. Sidney ii. xx. f. 192 Making her self an impudent suter, authorizing her selfe very much with making vs see that all favour & power..depended vpon her. 3. society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit authoritatively a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 357 (MED) Whanne þe pope avansiþ a shrewe, he autorisiþ his shrewidnesse. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 326 Crist and alle his seyntis..autoriseden it. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace sig. Aiij Who hath to iudge, autorish, reule, All maner speache at will. 1583 in J. D. Marwick (1876) I. 106 All that passis to ony derrar brydallis, and auctorizeis the surfetnes thairof..sall pay aucht schillingis. 1609 W. Shakespeare xxxv. sig. C4 Authorizing thy trespas with compare. View more context for this quotation 1673 H. Hickman 488 He would have prevailed with some of them to authorize his Book. 1749 Ld. Chesterfield 26 Dec. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1474 The season in which custom seems..to authorise civil and harmless lies, under the name of compliments. 1775 E. Pendleton Let. 23 Dec. in (1967) I. 140 The Committee Authorise the hiring of labourers for this unlading, to ease the Soldiers from such an increase of duty. 1813–14 c. 147 (title) An Act..for authorizing the licensing of a limited Number of Hackney Chariots. 1859 J. S. Mill 15 The gentlest and most amiable of philosophers..authorised the persecution of Christianity. 1934 23 May 1/2 The federal emergency relief administration today authorized rehabilitation grants to Texas totalling $200,000. 1962 K. Kesey iv. 303 Every one of these people gave him a look like the whole thing had been planned by him, or at least condoned and authorized. 1977 H. G. Burger in B. Bernardi 458 The Toronto archbishop authorized birth control pills. 2013 2 Sept. 54/1 The 2001 resolution that authorized the use of military force against terrorists. society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] > permit authoritatively > to do 1528 (single sheet) (verso) That no person (nat laufully auctorised to haue and vse Crosbowes) presume to bye the same. 1571 in J. Raine (1835) I. 353 I appoint and aucthorishe hym to call for and receyue..all suche debts. 1571 Ld. Burghley Let. 15 Sept. in H. Ellis (1824) 1st Ser. II. cc. 261 We will and by warrant herof authoriss you to procede. 1602 W. Segar i. i. 1 Iustinianus desiring to vnite Lawes and Armes, authorised one Officer to command both Martially and Ciuilly. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 249 in To authorize any forreigne Prince to invade or annoy him or his Countries. a1768 J. Erskine (1773) II. iv. iii. §17 691 The Scots privy council..granted letters of fire and sword, authorising the sheriff to..dispossess him by all the methods of force. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) I. 148 His Majesty may authorize the governor to fix the time and place. 1828 19 Apr. 1/2 Nothing herein contained shall authorize..any Settler..to make use of force..against any Aboriginal. 1855 T. B. Macaulay IV. 551 A royal message authorising the Commons to elect another Speaker. 1937 A. Huxley 12 July (1969) 423 With regard to the handling of my work, I am prepared to authorize you to take up the matter with film studios. 1963 27 They duly authorized the B.B.C. to start a second television channel. 2012 M. R. Gordon & B. E. Trainor xi. 181 They were authorized to wear it on their right sleeve. society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > validate or ratify 1431 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1431 §32. m. 4 That all manere of enditementz,..juggementz, ordinances and statutz, made..ayeins the saide Owen, mowe be affermed, auctorised and establised for lawe. 1464 King Edward IV in (2004) II. 300 Inacted and auctorised in the parlement next holden. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace sig. Gi Tables..Deuysed and auctorished By well knowne Romanes ten. 1644 P. Hunton iv. 27 Being authoritative, they authorize the Instrument, and give him an unresistance. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond 87 New Titles to Authorize a new Power. 1785 R. Hinde 435 A decree nisi, against an infant partakes so far of the nature of an absolute decree, as to authorise proceedings under it, as in ordinary cases. †5. society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)] > acknowledge as authority 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) II. 141 He had sic credens of the king, And wes with him auctoreist than so hie. 1586 W. Warner To Rdr. sig. a.iv Euen Homer was slightly aucthorised in Greece, but singularly admyred elswheare. 1713 R. Steele in 23 Mar. 1/2 For this reason I shall authorize and support the Gentleman. 6. Of a fact, circumstance, etc. society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > justify or sanction > specifically of things 1589 T. Nashe Ep. sig. ¶.iii That little alliance which I haue vnto Arte, will authorize my follie in defacing her enemie. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne iii. viii. 559 The issue doth often aucthorise a simple conduct [Fr. L'issue authorise souvent une tres-inepte conduite]. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 137 in If humane strength might authorize a boast. 1660 J. Dryden 10 Till some safe Crisis authorise their skill. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Introd. sig. c4v These reasons alone would authorize the insertion of those papers. 1798 Mar. 190/2 These observations..tend to authorize the segregation of a very fine set of oracles from those of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. 1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous i, in 4th Ser. III. 226 More..than the coldness of the weather seemed to authorize. 1862 Dec. 414 Unfortunately, all the specimens were deficient in the operculum, which, when examined, may possibly authorize its transfer to a new genus. 1904 Sept. (Special Suppl.) 4 Its first stage has been all but completed, and circumstances authorise a general review of the whole situation. 2000 10 Aug. 48 Only poetic license authorizes my description of nonleague bowling as ‘bowling alone’. 1750 D. Hume (ed. 2) xi. 228 Farther Attributes or farther Degrees of the same Attributes, we can never be authoriz'd to infer or suppose, by any Rules of just Reasoning. 1794 in R. J. Sulivan I. 73 Nothing which can authorise us to suppose it formed in the sea. 1843 J. S. Mill II. iii. xxi. §3 Past experience of mortality authorizes us to infer both. 1892 O. W. Holmes iv. 90 Some youthful antic..which..authorizes the intelligent constituency of autograph-hunters to address him as a harlequin. 1961 G. Devereux vii. 290 The fact that death can be triggered off by psychic and/or psychosomatic processes does not justify a psychologizing of physiology any more than the influence of brain lesions or of drugs upon our psychic functioning authorizes us to physiologize psychology. 2006 27 Mar. 83/3 The superiority of our values authorizes us to act toward the rest of the world as benevolent hegemons. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.a1393 |
