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单词 languishment
释义

languishmentn.

Brit. /ˈlaŋɡwᵻʃm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈlæŋɡwɪʃm(ə)nt/
Forms: see languish v. and -ment suffix.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: languish v., -ment suffix.
Etymology: < languish v. + -ment suffix, in early use perhaps partly after Middle French, French †languissement (14th cent.). Compare earlier languish n., languishing n., languor n.
I. Senses relating to emotional or mental states.
1.
a. Sorrow, grief, or pain caused by love or longing, lovesickness; a pang of such a feeling.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > caused by longing
languishmenta1542
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [noun]
ondeeOE
yearningeOE
longingOE
forlonginga1250
mourningc1300
yering13..
eye-seke?c1500
panting1580
greening1584
smackeringa1586
brame1590
languora1599
earning1603
lingering1608
yawning1635
tantalizing1640
slavering1642
longingness1651
tantalization1654
twittering1668
hankering1678
honing1725
lech1796
yearna1797
languishment1817
yearningness1839
hanker1881
tantalizingness1889
yen1906
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 7 Thens com the teres and the bitter torment, The sighes, the wordes, and eke the languisshement.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lx, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. D7v The spheare of Cupid fourty yeares containes: Which I haue wasted in long languishment.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. C1 How hart sick and how full of languishment, Her beautie makes mee. View more context for this quotation
c1665 Cleocreton & Cloryana 14 Thus a while the King lived in languishment, so long as he was from Meaga.
1684 A. Behn Poems 47 Insensibles are toucht to see My Languishments, and seem to pitty me.
a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo viii, in Wks. (1721) III. 237 As a chast Dove..For her dead Mate a lively Love retains, And in continued Languishment remains.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 423. ⁋5 The Comparison of Strephon's Gayety to Damon's Languishment.
1800 J. Moore Mordaunt III. xci. 247 He had long been persuaded that the poor girl was over head-and-ears in love with him, and that she was in a state of languishment from the suspense he had so long kept her in.
1817 J. Keats Poems 95 Yet do I sometimes feel a languishment For skies Italian.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) i. 21 Love-agonies and languishments beyond the reach of words.
1903 J. Payne Vigil & Vision 17 If..It [sc. a rose] weary after its celestial home And pine and pass for very languishment!
1998 Billboard (Nexis) 17 Oct. Once completed, the song revisited the common Soul Coughing theme of the languishment of love.
b. Longing or tenderness; an expression of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > [noun] > amorous looks or demeanour > expression of longing or tenderness
languishment1676
1676 R. Boyle Eng. Adventures iii. 98 Izabella, in all the languishments of her kindness, reply'd, ‘Ah’ Horatio, ‘wert thou not too young to know all the Charms which attend victorious Love, thou wouldst more apprehend the loss of them, than of thy life.’
1685 A. Behn in Earl of Rochester Valentinian Prol. sig. C2 Sure of the unregarded Spoyl, despise The needless Affectation of the Eyes, The softening Languishment that faintly warms, But trust alone to their resistless Charms.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 350 Her Eyes! large and black with all the soft languishment of the bleu!
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lvii. 217 Her noble admirer with a look full of languishment, directed to her a profound bow.
1814 W. Scott Waverley I. ii. 24 The sighs and languishments of the fair tell-tale. View more context for this quotation
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. v. xxxv. 54 Adorers who might hover around her with languishment.
1904 J. Payne Hamid Luckless 15 A lady..perfect in amorous grace and languishment.
1929 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 23 May 6/4 The new favorites of the [film] industry are not marked by the long lashes and languishments of the old stars.
1995 B. Ramke Massacre of Innocents 69 Listen to languishments murmur through the night.
2. More generally: mental pain or distress; sorrow, trouble, grief; depression. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]
unlustOE
sorrowfulnessa1250
heavinessc1275
elengenessec1320
dullnessc1369
tristourc1380
murknessc1390
tristesse1390
faintness1398
ungladnessa1400
droopingc1400
heavity14..
dejectionc1450
terne?a1513
disconsolation1515
descence1526
marea1529
sadness?1537
dumpishness1548
unblessedness1549
dolorousness1553
ruefulness?1574
dolefulness1586
heartlessness1591
languishment1591
mopishness1598
soul-sickness1603
contristation1605
damp1606
gloominess1607
sableness1607
uncheerfulnessa1617
disconsolateness1624
cheerlessnessa1631
dejectedness1633
droopingness1635
disanimation1637
lowness1639
desponsion1641
disconsolacy1646
despondency1653
dispiritedness1654
chagrin1656
demission1656
jawfall1660
weightedness1660
depression1665
disconsolancy1665
grumness1675
despondence1676
despond1678
disheartenednessa1680
glumness1727
low1727
gloom1744
low-spiritedness1754
blue devils1756
black dog1776
humdudgeon1785
blue devilism1787
dispiritude1797
wishtnessc1800
downheartedness1801
blue-devilage1816
dispiritment1827
downcastness1827
depressiveness1832
dolorosity1835
lugubriosity1840
disconsolance1847
down1856
heavy-heartedness1860
lugubriousness1879
sullenness1885
low key1886
melancholia1896
burn-out1903
mokus1924
downness1927
mopiness1927
deflation1933
wallow1934
1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Time in Complaints 159 Yet it is comfort in great languishment, To be bemoned with compassion kinde.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. D3 Madam good cheere, these drouping languishments Adde no redresse to salue our awkward haps.
1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 427 Mariamne resisted the dull languishments of this captiuity with a generous constancy.
1681 H. More in J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus ii. 206 He would put him in a course to rid his Wife of this languishment and trouble.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 159. ⁋11 Who can wonder that the mind..quickly sinks into languishment and despondency.
1791 R. Merry Lorenzo i. 7 Subdue this silent languishment, these tears.
II. Senses relating to physical weakness or decline.
3.
a. Sickness, illness, or physical weakness; suffering. Also as a count noun: a bout of sickness, a disease.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun]
unhealc700
untrumnessc897
adleeOE
sicknessc967
cothec1000
unhealthc1000
woe?a1200
ail?c1225
lying?c1225
maladyc1275
unsoundc1275
feebless1297
languora1375
languishc1384
disease1393
aegritudea1400
lamea1400
maleasea1400
soughta1400
wilc1400
malefaction?a1425
firmityc1426
unwholesomenessc1449
ill1450
languenta1500
distemperancea1535
the valley of the shadow of death1535
affect?1537
affection?1541
distemperature1541
inability1547
sickliness1565
languishment1576
cause1578
unhealthfulness1589
crazedness1593
languorment1593
evilness1599
strickenness1599
craziness1602
distemper1604
unsoundness1605
invaletude1623
unhealthiness1634
achaque1647
unwellness1653
disailment1657
insalubrity1668
faintiness1683
queerness1687
invalidity1690
illness1692
ill health1698
ailment1708
illing1719
invalescence1724
peakingness1727
sickishness1727
valetudinariness1742
ailingness1776
brash1786
invalidism1794
poorliness1814
diseasement1826
invalidship1830
valetudinarianism1839
ailing1862
invalidhood1863
megrims1870
pourriture1890
immersement1903
bug1918
condition1920
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]
sorec888
teeneOE
sorrowOE
workOE
wrakeOE
careOE
gramec1000
harmOE
howc1000
trayOE
woweOE
angec1175
derfnessc1175
sytec1175
unwinc1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
derf?c1225
grief?c1225
misease?c1225
misliking?c1225
ofthinkingc1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
pinec1275
distress1297
grievancea1300
penancea1300
cumbermentc1300
languorc1300
cumbering1303
were1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
woea1325
painc1330
tribulationc1330
illa1340
threst1340
constraintc1374
troublenessc1380
afflictiona1382
bruisinga1382
miseasetya1382
pressurec1384
exercisec1386
miscomfortc1390
mislikea1400
smarta1400
thronga1400
balec1400
painfulnessc1400
troublancec1400
smartness?c1425
painliness1435
perplexity?a1439
penalty?1462
calamity1490
penality1496
cumber?a1513
sussy1513
tribule1513
afflict?1529
vexation of spirit1535
troublesomeness1561
hoe1567
grievedness1571
tribulance1575
languishment1576
thrall1578
tine1590
languorment1593
aggrievedness1594
obturbation1623
afflictedness1646
erumny1657
pathos1684
shock1705
dree1791
vex1815
wrungnessa1875
dukkha1886
thinkache1892
sufferation1976
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > weakness
faintise1297
weaknessa1300
faintc1320
feebleness1340
languishingc1384
lamea1400
unferea1400
unferenessa1400
unwielda1400
impotence1406
imbecility?a1425
languisha1425
languoringa1438
unwieldness1437
faintnessa1440
impotency1440
infirmityc1440
debility1484
unlustiness1486
resolution1547
unwieldiness1575
languishment1576
infirmness1596
weakness1603
prostrationa1626
exolution1634
languidness1634
prosternation1650
faintingnessa1661
debilitude1669
flaccidity1676
atony1693
puniness1727
faintishness1733
adynamia1743
asthenia1802
adynamy1817
weakliness1826
tonelessness1873
atonicity1900
1576 G. Gascoigne tr. Pope Innocent III 1st Bk. Vewe Worldly Vanities in Droomme of Doomes Day i. sig. Aiiv This is that Tyran fleshe, the lawe and ruler of the members of man, the norishment of sinne, the languishment of nature, and the fodder of death.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. xii. sig. Mv Who now was falne into new languishment Of his old hurt, which was not throughly cured. View more context for this quotation
1609 J. Davies Holy Roode sig. F3v That in the Lab'rinth of his Languishment [sc. Christ's passion] We may, though lost therein, find solagement.
1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. viii. 73 The languishment of a certain friend..hath taught me of late, that we are best men when we are sickly.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. xiii. 364 He dyed at Chalcis of a naturall death and languishment of stomack. View more context for this quotation
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 27 Which is a sign you are in a state of languishment and vergency towards death.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 32 When by the Bed of Languishment we sit.
1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. II. lii. 211 Pulmonary consumption... This disease, which, after the country-people among the whites, they call a languishment, is equally fatal to the Indians.
1831 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 29 289 A hue foreboding languishment and decay.
1845 W. Wordsworth Love lies Bleeding 8 Thus leans..Earthward in uncomplaining languishment, The dying Gladiator.
1883 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sunday Gaz. 30 Sept. 3/2 When the old man was taken down with a languishment, she turned to and did all his work for him.
1928 PMLA 43 325 She plays the part of Grail Messenger by bringing to Arthur's court the news of the Fisher King's languishment.
1979 ELH 46 728 He does hold, or lean on, a stave as if for support, such as might be needed out of languishment, illness or injury.
b. In plural. Sufferings, fits of weakness or illness. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. iii. sig. O3 If it [sc. a Disease] tire out the Patient with tedious Languishments.
1674 T. Turner Case Bankers & Creditors Concl. 33 The Law..acquits the person that steals viands to pacify the present Languishments of nature.
1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. 207/2 He fell into some Languishments attended with a Fever.
a1706 J. Evelyn Life Mrs. Godolphin (1939) 78 Thus Ended this Incomparable Lady..leaving..a Disconsolate Husband, (whose unexpressible griefe..would hardly Suffer him to be Spectator of her Languishments).
a1752 R. Burnham Pious Memorials (1753) 333 He fell at last into some languishments, attended with a fever.
4. figurative. With reference to a thing: decline, decay, loss of vitality or vigour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off
declinea1327
fadea1400
paira1400
declining1481
vading1570
fall1590
hield1599
languishment1617
decay1636
defalcation1649
decidence1655
fall-off1676
falling off1761
fallaway1879
downswing1922
1617 S. Hieron Davids Penitentiall Psalme xvii. 323 The graces of regeneration and sanctification, when they are abused and brought to a kinde of languishment.
1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 117 The first is a certaine languishment, and debility of Fayth.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 226 Among these animals the cold of the climate may produce a similar languishment of colour.
1821 Examiner 546/2 There is a languishment here for want of persecution.
1896 N. Amer. Rev. Aug. 157 The vigor or languishment of national industry.
1940 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 12 Oct. 8/2 Religion..has gone through a long period of languishment.
1971 Afr. Hist. Stud. 4 272 Sijilmasa's demise and the languishment of the Sudan trade did not bring in its train the atrophy of commercial life in this part of North Africa.
2002 J. Morgan Biol. of Horror vii. 161 His infirmity is representative; it has implicit in it a broader social infirmity, a languishment of the commonweal.
5. Weariness, lassitude, fatigue; listlessness, inertness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun]
wearinessc900
slemea1300
werihede1340
talma1400
aneantizinga1425
faintnessa1440
defatigation1508
languishness?1529
lassitude1541
tiredness1552
overtiring1598
attainta1616
languishmentc1620
exhaustment1621
prostrationa1626
exhaustiona1639
tiresomeness1646
lassation1650
exantlation1651
fessitude1656
faintingnessa1661
delassation1692
tiriness1697
languor1707
fatigue1719
exhausture1779
distress1803
exhaustedness1840
worn-outness1844
tire1859
dead-beatness1907
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun]
accidiaOE
accidie?c1225
lethargyc1380
faintness1398
lithernessc1425
listlesshedec1440
owlisthead1440
supinity1548
lustlessness1556
benumbedness1566
phlegm1578
apoplexy1589
acedia1607
torpor1607
drowsiness1611
torpidity1614
languishmentc1620
hebetude1621
acedy1623
inerty1623
supineness1640
listlessness1646
cadaveriety1651
inertitude1656
oscitation1656
torpulency1657
sopor1658
phlegmaticness1659
lethargicalness1664
torpidnessa1676
faineantisea1684
phlegmatism1688
vis inertiae1710
torpitude1713
moonery1764
donothingness1814
benumbment1817
inertia1821
languor1825
donothingism1839
Mondayishness1850
mooniness1852
mooning1857
fainéantisme1873
sog1874
Oblomovism1902
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] > languor or lassitude
languishness?1529
lassitude1541
languishmentc1620
labascencya1656
languor1707
goneness1844
atony1847
c1620 T. Robinson Mary Magdalene (1899) i. xliv. 388 Parte of her time in idle languishement..shee spent.
a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 429 God can..produce more Worlds than the Sun doth Plants every year, without weariness, without languishment.
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. 39 Each sound, too, here to languishment inclined, Lulled the weak bosom, and inducèd ease.
1876 C. Wells Joseph & His Brethren ii. 98 And now farewell fatigue and languishment; The many gaps that weariness had made In their long line of march were soon fill'd up.
1900 H. James Let. 1 Oct. (1984) IV. 167 Years of dropping out and languishment.
1942 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 16 May Her days are spent In listless lonely languishment.
2002 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 7 Feb. s4 I convince my husband, who was enjoying his Sunday without assignment, that we should stir ourselves from languishment.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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