ladn.¹

Brit.

/lad/, U.S.

/læd/

Forms: Middle English–1500s ladde, 1500s–1700s Scottish lawd, 1600s ladd, Middle English– lad.

Etymology: Middle English ladde, of obscure origin.Possibly a use of the definite form of the past participle of lead v.¹; in Middle English lad is a dialectal variant of led past participle The use might have originated in the application of the plural ladde elliptically to the followers of a lord. Actual evidence, however, is wanting. It is noteworthy that a ‘Godric Ladda ’ attests a document written 1088–1123 (Earle Land Charters 270). If this cognomen be (as is possible) identical with Middle English ladde , its evidence is unfavourable to the derivation suggested above. Quite inadmissible, both on the ground of phonology and meaning, is the current statement that the word is cognate with the last syllable of the Gothic juggalauþs young man; the ending -lauþs (stem -lauda- adjective, laudi- noun), which does not occur as an independent word, has in compounds the sense ‘having (a certain) growth or size’, as in hwēlauþs how great, swalauþs so great, samalauþs equally great. The Celtic derivations commonly alleged are also worthless: the Welsh llawd is a dictionary figment invented to explain the feminine 'lodes (in Dictionaries llodes ), which Prof. Rhys has shown to be shortened < herlodes , feminine of herlawd , < Middle English herlot harlot n.; and the Irish lath does not exist in either the earlier or the later sense of ‘lad’, but means ‘hero’ or ‘champion’.

†1. A serving-man, attendant; a man of low birth and position; a varlet. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person

swaina1150

ladc1300

loon1535

blue coat1583

gaffer1589

snake1590

meaner1596

frock1612

groundling1630

frock-man1657

coolie1803

simple1824

yellow dog1862

Harry1874

smock-frock1898

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy

knightc950

knapec1000

shalkOE

knaveOE

sergeantc1200

swainc1275

groom1297

garcion13..

ladc1300

harlota1350

serving-mana1400

manservant1409

varlet1483

handman1496

custrelinga1556

Sim Shakebuckler?1560

lackey-boy1575

vadelect1586

muchacho1591

round robin1591

varlettoa1616

vadelet1661

gossoon1684

skip1699

mozo1811

Jack1836

tea-boy1847

John1848

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1786 ‘Hwat haue ye seid’, quoth a ladde.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 32 To make lordes of laddes Of lond that he wynneth.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4451 & weþen art þou þov ladde prout?

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 154 Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8280 Whan Serenides the Ring had, Glad she was, and called a lad.

c1440 York Myst. xxix. 390 Þis ladde [Jesus] with his lesyngis has oure lawes lorne.

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 43 Lord and lad, to my law doth lowte.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. x. sig. c.viii^v A lad to wedde a lady, is an inconuenyent.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. ii. 15 Or euer they burned the fatt, the prestes lad [L. puer] came, and sayde [etc.].

?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Eii^v He had with hym syngyng laddes and women seruantes.

1549–50 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 277 Smythe the carpenter for j dayes Labor for his servaunte Clerke and his ladde for takyng downe of the tymbre.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 391 in Wks. (1931) I Pandaris, pykthankis, custronis, and clatteraris, Loupis vp frome laddis, sine lychtis amang lardis.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 240 Lay up like a Laird, and seek like a Lad.

a. A boy, youth; a young man, young fellow. Also, in the diction of pastoral poetry, used to denote ‘a young shepherd’. In wider sense applied familiarly or endearingly (sometimes ironically) to a male person of any age, esp. in the form of address my lad. lad of wax: a shoemaker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun]

frumberdlingc1000

young manOE

childc1225

hind1297

pagec1300

youtha1325

fawnc1369

swainc1386

stripling1398

boy1440

springaldc1450

jovencel1490

younkera1522

speara1529

gorrel1530

lad1535

hobbledehoy1540

cockerel1547

waga1556

spring1559

loonc1560

hensure1568

youngster1577

imp1578

pigsney1581

cocklinga1586

demy1589

muchacho1591

shaver1592

snipper-snappera1593

callant1597

spaught1598

stubble boy1598

ghillie1603

codling1612

cuba1616

skippera1616

man-boy1637

sprig1646

callow1651

halflang1660

stubbed boy1683

gossoon1684

gilpie1718

stirraha1722

young lion1792

halfling1794

pubescent1795

young man1810

sixteener1824

señorito1843

tad1845

boysie1846

shaveling1854

ephebe1880

boychick1921

lightie1946

young blood1967

studmuffin1986

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun]

knightc893

knapec1000

knaveOE

knape childc1175

knave-childa1225

groom?c1225

knight-bairnc1275

pagec1300

mana1382

swainc1386

knave-bairna1400

little mana1425

man-childa1438

boy1440

little boya1475

lad1535

boykin1540

tomboya1556

urchin1556

loonc1560

kinchin-co(ve)1567

big boy1572

dandiprat1582

pricket1582

boy child1584

callant1597

suck-egg1609

nacketc1618

custrel1668

hospital-boy1677

whelp1710

laddie1721

charity-boy1723

pam-child1760

chappie1822

bo1825

boyo1835

wagling1837

shirttail boy1840

boysie1846

umfaan1852

nipper1859

yob1859

fellow-my-lad?1860

laddo1870

chokra1875

shegetz1885

spalpeen1891

spadger1899

bug1900

boychick1921

sonny boy1928

sonny1939

okie1943

lightie1946

outjie1961

oke1970

the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man

sonOE

brotherOE

friarc1290

lad1535

fellow1577

bubba1841

old top1856

bra1869

bro1918

mush1936

ouboet1953

coz1961

oppa1963

bruv1970

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep herding > shepherd > type of

sheep-reeve1450

page1590

shepherdling1605

under-shepherda1640

lad1717

lamber1809

mayoral1879

hurdle-man1880

motherer1890

rouser1896

rousie1906

boundary-keeper1933

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > shoemaking > shoemaker

souterc1000

cordwainera1100

shoemaker1381

corviser1401

seatsman1719

crispin1721

snob1785

lad of wax1794

shoeman1841

snobber1900

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 283/1 Ladde, or knave, garcio.

1483 Cath. Angl. 206/1 A Ladde, vbi a knaffe.]

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xxii. B Foolishnes sticketh in the herte of y^e lad, but y^e rod of correccion driueth it awaye.

1552 H. Latimer Serm. (1584) 323 First he is a childe; afterward he becommeth a ladde; then a yong man, and after that a perfect man.

1562 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 53 Lymmer lawdis and litle lassis.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 100 Prin. Where shal we take a purse to morrow Iacke? Falst... Where thou wilt lad.

?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 78 Why, well said, my ladds of mettall.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 787 Our blessed Sauiour..said to his disciples, children, or lads, haue ye any meate?

1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore ii. i. 70 How now old Lad, what doest cry?

a1650 Captain Carr 30 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 81 ‘Ile not giue over my house’, shee said, ‘neither for Ladds nor man’.

1709 J. Byrom Let. 14 May in Private Jrnl. & Lit. Remains (1854) I. i. 6 The other two sizers, one sophister, the other a Lancashire lad of our year.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 331 The young Lads..divert themselves with makeing Girlands for their favourite Lambs.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 285 The old Lad was not to be caught.

1794 Sporting Mag. 3 201 Requesting you as a brother lad of wax to make me some of your tight shoes.

1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 111 My gentle lad, what is't you read?

1856 R. M. Ballantyne Snowflakes & Sunbeams xxviii. 390 What did you say struck you, Harry, my lad?

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxxviii. 4 Lovely the lady, the lad lovely, a company sweet.

1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. v. 140 All handsome lads and pretty lasses.

b. A man of spirit and vigour; used esp. in phrases a bit of a lad, quite a lad. Also (colloquial), a spirited girl.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle

heart1340

heart of oakc1384

bolda1400

doughtya1400

stalworthc1400

sternc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

galliard1532

lada1556

stoutheart1556

hardydardy1593

valour1609

valiant1610

fireman1648

hearty1790

my (also me) hearty1839

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > heroine

heroine1587

heroess1612

lady errant1615

Bellona1820

shero1836

hero-woman1847

tiger-cat1863

war heroine1932

lad1935

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. vii. sig. G.iij^v I trowe they shall finde and feele that I am a lad.

1913 ‘G. A. Birmingham’ Gen. John Regan vi. 99 He may have been a bit of a lad in his early days.

1926 T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (subscribers' ed.) lxii. 327 He, Rahail, was quite a lad: a free-built, sturdy fellow, too fleshy for the life we were to lead.

1935 ‘G. Ingram’ Cockney Cavalcade iv. 54 ‘That matcher of ours is a lad, Mum!’..‘Oh, what's she been up to now?’

1935 Punch 13 Mar. 294/1 Women..Describe him freely to my face As quite a lad.

1960 ‘H. Carmichael’ Seeds of Hate xiii. 117 Bit of a lad is Mr. Alan Clark..running round fancy-free for years.

1969 ‘A. Cade’ Turn up Stone iii. 76 Oh dear! The late Clive Neilson was certainly a bit of a lad, wasn't he?

c. A stable-groom of any age; also, a female one.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom

palfreyman1297

horse-knavec1300

palfreyour1301

hostlera1450

ostlerc1449

stable groomc1485

palfrenier1490

equerry1552

jack-boy1562

horse-boy1563

custrel1577

ostleress1639

saddle nag1647

syce1650

groom1667

pad-groom1743

stable-boy1745

stableman1745

mehtar1828

strapper1828

lad1848

stable-lad1856

mafoo1863

ostler boy1864

swipe1929

1848 Sporting Life 8 Jan. 242/1 The more important a groom is, the more mysterious, conceited, pedantic he is... The first thing a lad does now-a-days is to set up a watch, after which, if his mind incline towards horses, he buys what he calls a ‘printed book’ about them.

1862 Once a Week 1 Nov. 512/1 Judging..from the quarter in which these betting operations were carried on, they were led to think that the lad who attended to the horse Gosport,..conveyed intelligence to his master.

1894 Strand Mag. May 554/1 He was a good lad, tinged with the archaic stable-slang of Thessaly.

1968 D. Francis Forfeit iv. 49 I..called on the trainer, whom I saw almost every time I went racing... ‘Did you find Sandy Willes?.. She's one of my best lads.’

1971 Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 11 (caption) A celebration snack for Specify, winner of the Grand National... Celebrating with him are Mr John E. Sutcliffe (left), his trainer, Mr Richard Bullen, his ‘lad’, and Mrs Sutcliffe.

1971 D. Francis Bonecrack 17 The elderly lad who looked after him was standing at the door.

1971 D. Francis Bonecrack 19 There had been quite a stir in Newmarket when my father had promoted her to head lad.

1972 Guardian 6 May 11/3 A famous owner..was watching his horse on the gallops... ‘Who's that lad on 'im?’ he said to the trainer. ‘Oh,’ came the reply, ‘that's Cynthia.’

1973 Daily Tel. 30 Oct. 9/2 Lads and girls serving their five-year apprenticeship get pocket money..with clothing and keep paid for by the trainer.

3. Scottish. A sweetheart.

ΚΠ

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd v. ii And am I then a match for my ain lad?

1786 R. Burns Poems 86 Ye royal Lasses dainty, Heav'n..gie you lads a plenty.

1793 R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 691 While my dear lad maun face his faes, Far, far frae me.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

lad-porter n.

ΚΠ

1894 Daily News 11 Sept. 5/3 A lad porter on the..Railway.

C2.

† lad-age n. Obsolete the age of boyhood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood

knighthoodc893

boyhood?1577

boyery1579

lad-age1606

manchildhooda1618

boyage1625

boyism1810

laddism1843

ladhood1883

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 7 Heere, I have past my Lad-age faire and good.

lad-bairn n. Scottish a male child.

ΚΠ

17.. in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 149 This maiden had a braw lad-bairn.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xix. 180 There was a greater christening of lad bairns, than had ever been in any year during my incumbency.

lad-wean n. Scottish = lad-bairn n.

ΚΠ

1821 J. Hogg Jacobite Relics II. 175 Bonny orphan lad-weans twa.

Derivatives

ˈladdess n. a girl, lass.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > child > girl > [noun]

maiden-childeOE

maidenOE

maidc1275

maid-childc1275

wenchc1290

thernec1300

lassc1325

maidenkinc1330

child-womana1382

girlc1400

pucelle1439

maidkin1440

mawther1440

mop1466

woman-child?1515

bonnea1529

urchina1535

kinchin-mort1567

dandiprat1582

prill1587

sluta1592

little girl1603

maggie1603

tendril1603

squall1607

childa1616

filly1616

vriester1652

miss1668

gilpie1720

lassie1725

laddess1768

jeune fillea1777

bitch1785

girly?1786

gal1795

ladyling1807

missikin1815

colleen1828

girleen1833

snowdrop1833

pinafore1836

chica1843

fillette1847

charity-girl1848

urchiness1852

Mädchen1854

gel1857

pusill1884

backfisch1888

girly-girly1888

cliner1895

tittie1918

weeny1929

bobby-soxer1944

1768 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) II. 407 I know that he is a very amiable lad and I do not know that she is not as amiable a laddess.

ˈladdism n. the condition or character of a lad.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood

knighthoodc893

boyhood?1577

boyery1579

lad-age1606

manchildhooda1618

boyage1625

boyism1810

laddism1843

ladhood1883

1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 53 80 They..emerge..into the full and perfect imago of little lords..without any of those intermediate conditions of laddism, hobble-de-hoyism [etc.].

ˈladhood n. the state of being a lad.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood

knighthoodc893

boyhood?1577

boyery1579

lad-age1606

manchildhooda1618

boyage1625

boyism1810

laddism1843

ladhood1883

1883 Spectator 28 Apr. 543 Youth or ladhood was now protracted further into life.

1891 Cent. Mag. Nov. 61 In this region I grew to ladhood.

Draft additions 1997

plural (usually with the). Men of any age belonging to a group sharing common working, recreational, or other interests, esp. with the implication of comradeship and equality; spec. the rank-and-file members of a trade union. Cf. boy n.¹ 5b(d).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > group of workers

work team1809

labour brigade1886

lads1888

span1913

work group1928

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > other specific types of company

rabblement1536

rabble rout?1589

quorum1596

besorta1616

flying squadron1670

alliance1703

minority1837

umma1885

lads1888

minority group1919

flying squad1927

milieu1927

focus group1938

visible minority1940

enclave1945

society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > group of > rank and file

lads1974

1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children ii. 10 All the ‘lads’..had gone home for the night, with the exception of the under-coachman.

1961 Times 7 June 18/4 Through the mullioned windows of the bar one can see a group of the ‘lads’—a broad appellation, for their ages range from 17 to 70.

1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry ix. 75 I don't know whether that offer'll get the lads back.

1979 Daily Tel. 25 Sept. 18/2 The schoolchildren [in the Irish Republic] play at ‘the lads’ versus ‘Brit soldiers’.

1989 Times 29 June 29/1 The vote indicates the lads are absolutely solid.

Draft additions June 2001

British colloquial. A young man characterized by his enjoyment of social drinking, sport, and other activities considered to be male-oriented, his engagement in casual sexual relationships, and often by attitudes or behaviour regarded as irresponsible, sexist, or boorish; (usually) one belonging to a close-knit social group. Also (occasionally): a young woman exhibiting comparable behaviour; cf. ladette n. Cf. later new lad n.

ΚΠ

1986 J. Burchill Lad Overboard in Face Feb. 31/2 Remarried after more than a decade on the rampage, at 47 in true Lad style to a girl of 22.

1995 C. Higson Full Whack (1996) x. 66 After all the landlord was one of their own. A lad. They'd got drunk together, gone to the football together.

1995 Independent on Sunday 24 Dec. (Real Lives section) 3/5 She is a lad by her own admission.

1999 S. Stewart Sharking vi. 94 Dave had basically been a grotesque living caricature of a lad, never happy unless boozing, tooting or telling lies about his sexual prowess.

Draft additions June 2001

lad culture n. attitudes and behaviour considered to be typical of a ‘lad’ (see above).

ΚΠ

1991 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Mar. He even played to an audience of nuns once (‘I thought Christ, I'd better tone it down’). Truly, lad-culture casts its net wide.

2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 18 Aug. Boys seem to have an extreme amount of pressure on them and it's very hard for them to resist the lad culture.

Draft additions June 2001

lad mag n. a magazine aimed at young men, featuring esp. interviews with and pin-ups of female celebrities.

ΚΠ

1995 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Aug. (Media section) 11 Upstart Loaded..nosed ahead of GQ... This has caused a bit of tomcat-ish aggro, with GQ claiming the lad mag is immature (ouch!) and anyway ‘not in the same sector’.

2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 3 Sept. (Mag.) 4/1 You know those adverts you see up the back of sad lad mags and Viz for ‘special’ pheromone sprays to make men irresistible to the ladeez.

Draft additions June 2001

lads' mag n. = lad mag n. at Additions.

ΚΠ

1994 Evening Standard (Nexis) 20 Apr. 45 Ironically the lads' mag, Loaded, comes from IPC, who already provide that section of the gay population who don't buy Just 17 with their constant diet of Take That pictures through the recently launched Now.

2001 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 23 Feb. 65 Leaving behind her reputation as a lads' mag favourite, the 29-year-old blonde is aiming to become the latest pin-up to explore new avenues to superstardom.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lad
释义	ladn.¹ Brit. /lad/, U.S. /læd/ Forms: Middle English–1500s ladde, 1500s–1700s Scottish lawd, 1600s ladd, Middle English– lad. Etymology: Middle English ladde, of obscure origin.Possibly a use of the definite form of the past participle of lead v.¹; in Middle English lad is a dialectal variant of led past participle The use might have originated in the application of the plural ladde elliptically to the followers of a lord. Actual evidence, however, is wanting. It is noteworthy that a ‘Godric Ladda ’ attests a document written 1088–1123 (Earle Land Charters 270). If this cognomen be (as is possible) identical with Middle English ladde , its evidence is unfavourable to the derivation suggested above. Quite inadmissible, both on the ground of phonology and meaning, is the current statement that the word is cognate with the last syllable of the Gothic juggalauþs young man; the ending -lauþs (stem -lauda- adjective, laudi- noun), which does not occur as an independent word, has in compounds the sense ‘having (a certain) growth or size’, as in hwēlauþs how great, swalauþs so great, samalauþs equally great. The Celtic derivations commonly alleged are also worthless: the Welsh llawd is a dictionary figment invented to explain the feminine 'lodes (in Dictionaries llodes ), which Prof. Rhys has shown to be shortened < herlodes , feminine of herlawd , < Middle English herlot harlot n.; and the Irish lath does not exist in either the earlier or the later sense of ‘lad’, but means ‘hero’ or ‘champion’. †1. A serving-man, attendant; a man of low birth and position; a varlet. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person swaina1150 ladc1300 loon1535 blue coat1583 gaffer1589 snake1590 meaner1596 frock1612 groundling1630 frock-man1657 coolie1803 simple1824 yellow dog1862 Harry1874 smock-frock1898 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy knightc950 knapec1000 shalkOE knaveOE sergeantc1200 swainc1275 groom1297 garcion13.. ladc1300 harlota1350 serving-mana1400 manservant1409 varlet1483 handman1496 custrelinga1556 Sim Shakebuckler?1560 lackey-boy1575 vadelect1586 muchacho1591 round robin1591 varlettoa1616 vadelet1661 gossoon1684 skip1699 mozo1811 Jack1836 tea-boy1847 John1848 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1786 ‘Hwat haue ye seid’, quoth a ladde. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 32 To make lordes of laddes Of lond that he wynneth. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4451 & weþen art þou þov ladde prout? c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 154 Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8280 Whan Serenides the Ring had, Glad she was, and called a lad. c1440 York Myst. xxix. 390 Þis ladde [Jesus] with his lesyngis has oure lawes lorne. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 43 Lord and lad, to my law doth lowte. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. x. sig. c.viii^v A lad to wedde a lady, is an inconuenyent. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. ii. 15 Or euer they burned the fatt, the prestes lad [L. puer] came, and sayde [etc.]. ?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Eii^v He had with hym syngyng laddes and women seruantes. 1549–50 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 277 Smythe the carpenter for j dayes Labor for his servaunte Clerke and his ladde for takyng downe of the tymbre. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 391 in Wks. (1931) I Pandaris, pykthankis, custronis, and clatteraris, Loupis vp frome laddis, sine lychtis amang lardis. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 240 Lay up like a Laird, and seek like a Lad. 2. a. A boy, youth; a young man, young fellow. Also, in the diction of pastoral poetry, used to denote ‘a young shepherd’. In wider sense applied familiarly or endearingly (sometimes ironically) to a male person of any age, esp. in the form of address my lad. lad of wax: a shoemaker. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun] frumberdlingc1000 young manOE childc1225 hind1297 pagec1300 youtha1325 fawnc1369 swainc1386 stripling1398 boy1440 springaldc1450 jovencel1490 younkera1522 speara1529 gorrel1530 lad1535 hobbledehoy1540 cockerel1547 waga1556 spring1559 loonc1560 hensure1568 youngster1577 imp1578 pigsney1581 cocklinga1586 demy1589 muchacho1591 shaver1592 snipper-snappera1593 callant1597 spaught1598 stubble boy1598 ghillie1603 codling1612 cuba1616 skippera1616 man-boy1637 sprig1646 callow1651 halflang1660 stubbed boy1683 gossoon1684 gilpie1718 stirraha1722 young lion1792 halfling1794 pubescent1795 young man1810 sixteener1824 señorito1843 tad1845 boysie1846 shaveling1854 ephebe1880 boychick1921 lightie1946 young blood1967 studmuffin1986 the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] knightc893 knapec1000 knaveOE knape childc1175 knave-childa1225 groom?c1225 knight-bairnc1275 pagec1300 mana1382 swainc1386 knave-bairna1400 little mana1425 man-childa1438 boy1440 little boya1475 lad1535 boykin1540 tomboya1556 urchin1556 loonc1560 kinchin-co(ve)1567 big boy1572 dandiprat1582 pricket1582 boy child1584 callant1597 suck-egg1609 nacketc1618 custrel1668 hospital-boy1677 whelp1710 laddie1721 charity-boy1723 pam-child1760 chappie1822 bo1825 boyo1835 wagling1837 shirttail boy1840 boysie1846 umfaan1852 nipper1859 yob1859 fellow-my-lad?1860 laddo1870 chokra1875 shegetz1885 spalpeen1891 spadger1899 bug1900 boychick1921 sonny boy1928 sonny1939 okie1943 lightie1946 outjie1961 oke1970 the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man sonOE brotherOE friarc1290 lad1535 fellow1577 bubba1841 old top1856 bra1869 bro1918 mush1936 ouboet1953 coz1961 oppa1963 bruv1970 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep herding > shepherd > type of sheep-reeve1450 page1590 shepherdling1605 under-shepherda1640 lad1717 lamber1809 mayoral1879 hurdle-man1880 motherer1890 rouser1896 rousie1906 boundary-keeper1933 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > shoemaking > shoemaker souterc1000 cordwainera1100 shoemaker1381 corviser1401 seatsman1719 crispin1721 snob1785 lad of wax1794 shoeman1841 snobber1900 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 283/1 Ladde, or knave, garcio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 206/1 A Ladde, vbi a knaffe.] 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xxii. B Foolishnes sticketh in the herte of y^e lad, but y^e rod of correccion driueth it awaye. 1552 H. Latimer Serm. (1584) 323 First he is a childe; afterward he becommeth a ladde; then a yong man, and after that a perfect man. 1562 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 53 Lymmer lawdis and litle lassis. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 100 Prin. Where shal we take a purse to morrow Iacke? Falst... Where thou wilt lad. ?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 78 Why, well said, my ladds of mettall. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 787 Our blessed Sauiour..said to his disciples, children, or lads, haue ye any meate? 1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore ii. i. 70 How now old Lad, what doest cry? a1650 Captain Carr 30 in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 81 ‘Ile not giue over my house’, shee said, ‘neither for Ladds nor man’. 1709 J. Byrom Let. 14 May in Private Jrnl. & Lit. Remains (1854) I. i. 6 The other two sizers, one sophister, the other a Lancashire lad of our year. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 331 The young Lads..divert themselves with makeing Girlands for their favourite Lambs. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 285 The old Lad was not to be caught. 1794 Sporting Mag. 3 201 Requesting you as a brother lad of wax to make me some of your tight shoes. 1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 111 My gentle lad, what is't you read? 1856 R. M. Ballantyne Snowflakes & Sunbeams xxviii. 390 What did you say struck you, Harry, my lad? 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxxviii. 4 Lovely the lady, the lad lovely, a company sweet. 1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. v. 140 All handsome lads and pretty lasses. b. A man of spirit and vigour; used esp. in phrases a bit of a lad, quite a lad. Also (colloquial), a spirited girl. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle heart1340 heart of oakc1384 bolda1400 doughtya1400 stalworthc1400 sternc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 galliard1532 lada1556 stoutheart1556 hardydardy1593 valour1609 valiant1610 fireman1648 hearty1790 my (also me) hearty1839 the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > heroine heroine1587 heroess1612 lady errant1615 Bellona1820 shero1836 hero-woman1847 tiger-cat1863 war heroine1932 lad1935 a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. vii. sig. G.iij^v I trowe they shall finde and feele that I am a lad. 1913 ‘G. A. Birmingham’ Gen. John Regan vi. 99 He may have been a bit of a lad in his early days. 1926 T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (subscribers' ed.) lxii. 327 He, Rahail, was quite a lad: a free-built, sturdy fellow, too fleshy for the life we were to lead. 1935 ‘G. Ingram’ Cockney Cavalcade iv. 54 ‘That matcher of ours is a lad, Mum!’..‘Oh, what's she been up to now?’ 1935 Punch 13 Mar. 294/1 Women..Describe him freely to my face As quite a lad. 1960 ‘H. Carmichael’ Seeds of Hate xiii. 117 Bit of a lad is Mr. Alan Clark..running round fancy-free for years. 1969 ‘A. Cade’ Turn up Stone iii. 76 Oh dear! The late Clive Neilson was certainly a bit of a lad, wasn't he? c. A stable-groom of any age; also, a female one. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom palfreyman1297 horse-knavec1300 palfreyour1301 hostlera1450 ostlerc1449 stable groomc1485 palfrenier1490 equerry1552 jack-boy1562 horse-boy1563 custrel1577 ostleress1639 saddle nag1647 syce1650 groom1667 pad-groom1743 stable-boy1745 stableman1745 mehtar1828 strapper1828 lad1848 stable-lad1856 mafoo1863 ostler boy1864 swipe1929 1848 Sporting Life 8 Jan. 242/1 The more important a groom is, the more mysterious, conceited, pedantic he is... The first thing a lad does now-a-days is to set up a watch, after which, if his mind incline towards horses, he buys what he calls a ‘printed book’ about them. 1862 Once a Week 1 Nov. 512/1 Judging..from the quarter in which these betting operations were carried on, they were led to think that the lad who attended to the horse Gosport,..conveyed intelligence to his master. 1894 Strand Mag. May 554/1 He was a good lad, tinged with the archaic stable-slang of Thessaly. 1968 D. Francis Forfeit iv. 49 I..called on the trainer, whom I saw almost every time I went racing... ‘Did you find Sandy Willes?.. She's one of my best lads.’ 1971 Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 11 (caption) A celebration snack for Specify, winner of the Grand National... Celebrating with him are Mr John E. Sutcliffe (left), his trainer, Mr Richard Bullen, his ‘lad’, and Mrs Sutcliffe. 1971 D. Francis Bonecrack 17 The elderly lad who looked after him was standing at the door. 1971 D. Francis Bonecrack 19 There had been quite a stir in Newmarket when my father had promoted her to head lad. 1972 Guardian 6 May 11/3 A famous owner..was watching his horse on the gallops... ‘Who's that lad on 'im?’ he said to the trainer. ‘Oh,’ came the reply, ‘that's Cynthia.’ 1973 Daily Tel. 30 Oct. 9/2 Lads and girls serving their five-year apprenticeship get pocket money..with clothing and keep paid for by the trainer. 3. Scottish. A sweetheart. ΚΠ 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd v. ii And am I then a match for my ain lad? 1786 R. Burns Poems 86 Ye royal Lasses dainty, Heav'n..gie you lads a plenty. 1793 R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 691 While my dear lad maun face his faes, Far, far frae me. Compounds C1. General attributive. lad-porter n. ΚΠ 1894 Daily News 11 Sept. 5/3 A lad porter on the..Railway. C2. † lad-age n. Obsolete the age of boyhood. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood knighthoodc893 boyhood?1577 boyery1579 lad-age1606 manchildhooda1618 boyage1625 boyism1810 laddism1843 ladhood1883 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 7 Heere, I have past my Lad-age faire and good. lad-bairn n. Scottish a male child. ΚΠ 17.. in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 149 This maiden had a braw lad-bairn. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xix. 180 There was a greater christening of lad bairns, than had ever been in any year during my incumbency. lad-wean n. Scottish = lad-bairn n. ΚΠ 1821 J. Hogg Jacobite Relics II. 175 Bonny orphan lad-weans twa. Derivatives ˈladdess n. a girl, lass.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > child > girl > [noun] maiden-childeOE maidenOE maidc1275 maid-childc1275 wenchc1290 thernec1300 lassc1325 maidenkinc1330 child-womana1382 girlc1400 pucelle1439 maidkin1440 mawther1440 mop1466 woman-child?1515 bonnea1529 urchina1535 kinchin-mort1567 dandiprat1582 prill1587 sluta1592 little girl1603 maggie1603 tendril1603 squall1607 childa1616 filly1616 vriester1652 miss1668 gilpie1720 lassie1725 laddess1768 jeune fillea1777 bitch1785 girly?1786 gal1795 ladyling1807 missikin1815 colleen1828 girleen1833 snowdrop1833 pinafore1836 chica1843 fillette1847 charity-girl1848 urchiness1852 Mädchen1854 gel1857 pusill1884 backfisch1888 girly-girly1888 cliner1895 tittie1918 weeny1929 bobby-soxer1944 1768 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) II. 407 I know that he is a very amiable lad and I do not know that she is not as amiable a laddess. ˈladdism n. the condition or character of a lad.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood knighthoodc893 boyhood?1577 boyery1579 lad-age1606 manchildhooda1618 boyage1625 boyism1810 laddism1843 ladhood1883 1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 53 80 They..emerge..into the full and perfect imago of little lords..without any of those intermediate conditions of laddism, hobble-de-hoyism [etc.]. ˈladhood n. the state of being a lad. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] > boyhood knighthoodc893 boyhood?1577 boyery1579 lad-age1606 manchildhooda1618 boyage1625 boyism1810 laddism1843 ladhood1883 1883 Spectator 28 Apr. 543 Youth or ladhood was now protracted further into life. 1891 Cent. Mag. Nov. 61 In this region I grew to ladhood. Draft additions 1997 plural (usually with the). Men of any age belonging to a group sharing common working, recreational, or other interests, esp. with the implication of comradeship and equality; spec. the rank-and-file members of a trade union. Cf. boy n.¹ 5b(d). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > group of workers work team1809 labour brigade1886 lads1888 span1913 work group1928 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > other specific types of company rabblement1536 rabble rout?1589 quorum1596 besorta1616 flying squadron1670 alliance1703 minority1837 umma1885 lads1888 minority group1919 flying squad1927 milieu1927 focus group1938 visible minority1940 enclave1945 society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > group of > rank and file lads1974 1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children ii. 10 All the ‘lads’..had gone home for the night, with the exception of the under-coachman. 1961 Times 7 June 18/4 Through the mullioned windows of the bar one can see a group of the ‘lads’—a broad appellation, for their ages range from 17 to 70. 1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry ix. 75 I don't know whether that offer'll get the lads back. 1979 Daily Tel. 25 Sept. 18/2 The schoolchildren [in the Irish Republic] play at ‘the lads’ versus ‘Brit soldiers’. 1989 Times 29 June 29/1 The vote indicates the lads are absolutely solid. Draft additions June 2001 British colloquial. A young man characterized by his enjoyment of social drinking, sport, and other activities considered to be male-oriented, his engagement in casual sexual relationships, and often by attitudes or behaviour regarded as irresponsible, sexist, or boorish; (usually) one belonging to a close-knit social group. Also (occasionally): a young woman exhibiting comparable behaviour; cf. ladette n. Cf. later new lad n. ΚΠ 1986 J. Burchill Lad Overboard in Face Feb. 31/2 Remarried after more than a decade on the rampage, at 47 in true Lad style to a girl of 22. 1995 C. Higson Full Whack (1996) x. 66 After all the landlord was one of their own. A lad. They'd got drunk together, gone to the football together. 1995 Independent on Sunday 24 Dec. (Real Lives section) 3/5 She is a lad by her own admission. 1999 S. Stewart Sharking vi. 94 Dave had basically been a grotesque living caricature of a lad, never happy unless boozing, tooting or telling lies about his sexual prowess. Draft additions June 2001 lad culture n. attitudes and behaviour considered to be typical of a ‘lad’ (see above). ΚΠ 1991 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Mar. He even played to an audience of nuns once (‘I thought Christ, I'd better tone it down’). Truly, lad-culture casts its net wide. 2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 18 Aug. Boys seem to have an extreme amount of pressure on them and it's very hard for them to resist the lad culture. Draft additions June 2001 lad mag n. a magazine aimed at young men, featuring esp. interviews with and pin-ups of female celebrities. ΚΠ 1995 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Aug. (Media section) 11 Upstart Loaded..nosed ahead of GQ... This has caused a bit of tomcat-ish aggro, with GQ claiming the lad mag is immature (ouch!) and anyway ‘not in the same sector’. 2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 3 Sept. (Mag.) 4/1 You know those adverts you see up the back of sad lad mags and Viz for ‘special’ pheromone sprays to make men irresistible to the ladeez. Draft additions June 2001 lads' mag n. = lad mag n. at Additions. ΚΠ 1994 Evening Standard (Nexis) 20 Apr. 45 Ironically the lads' mag, Loaded, comes from IPC, who already provide that section of the gay population who don't buy Just 17 with their constant diet of Take That pictures through the recently launched Now. 2001 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 23 Feb. 65 Leaving behind her reputation as a lads' mag favourite, the 29-year-old blonde is aiming to become the latest pin-up to explore new avenues to superstardom. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † ladn.² Obsolete. rare. A thong. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > tie > thong, lace, or cord lainera1387 lashc1440 lanyard1483 lingel1538 whangc1540 lunge1607 lore1621 ament1623 thong1665 lad1847 lorum1903 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Lad, a thong of leather; a shoe-latchet. Derivatives † ˈladded adj. Obsolete thonged. ΚΠ c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 283/1 Ladde, thwonge (K. thounge, S. thang), ligula. Laddyd, ligulatus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1300n.²c1440
随便看	redflagging redflanked bluetail redflecked redfleshed redflowered redflowering redflowering maple redflushed redfoot redfooted redfooted booby redfooted falcon redfoots redfronted redfruited redfurred redgarled redgemmed redgilded redgilled redgleaming redglowing redgold redgolden redgowned

ladn.1

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Draft additions June 2001

Draft additions June 2001

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Draft additions June 2001

† ladn.2

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ladn.¹

† ladn.²