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单词 lash
释义

lashn.1

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s lasshe, Middle English las(c)he.
Etymology: ? < lash v.1
1. †(a) gen. A sudden or violent blow; a dashing or sweeping stroke. Obsolete. (b) spec. A stroke with a thong or whip.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > with whip or scourging > stroke or stripe
lashc1330
bendc1400
whipc1425
stripec1485
leash?a1513
jerk1555
scourge1741
switch1809
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking violently > a violent blow
lashc1330
birrc1400
dushc1400
swackc1425
reboundc1503
pash1611
slam1622
stoter1694
blizzard1829
dinger1845
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > blow struck with an object or instrument > with something pliant
lashc1330
lashingc1400
jerking1552
jerk1555
whipping1577
slive1589
whissc1590
scutch1611
scutching1611
switchinga1640
cut1787
sliver1806
switch1809
welt1863
score1882
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9375 (Kölbing) Kehenans com wiþ gret rape & ȝaf king Arthour swiche a las, Þat Arthour al astoned was.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 220 Proude bayard gynneth for to skyppe..Til he a lassh haue of þe long whippe.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 31 Foure score lasshes [L. octoginta verbera].
c1460 Play Sacram. 468 On lashe I shalle hyme lende or yt be long.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. xii. f. xxiiiv Oure parentes..dyd wyth..lashes teach vs the commen behauiour of this lyfe.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xvii. 374 Therewith they whipped themselves, giving great lashes over their shoulders.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xi. 59 All desiring to have a lash at the dog in the manger.
1661 T. Lye in Morn. Exerc. Cripplegate xviii. 459 I that have deserved the blow of an Executioners Axe, am sent away with the Lash only of a Fathers Rod.
1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 116 Let each Lash Bite to the Quick, till howling he return.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 48 The private men have..five hundred lashes if they, desert.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 66 I gave my horse a lash, that sounded through the forest.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 230 The Mutiny Act restricts the award of Corporal Punishment by a General Court-Martial to 200 Lashes.
1880 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Roy & Viola I. 175 The first lash brought the colour to her cheeks.
figurative and in extended use.1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. HHHiiii Moste damnage of all and perilous lasshe they procure to themselfe.1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. Proem. sig. B5v Skud from the lashes of my yerking rime.1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 52 How smart a lash that speech doth giue my conscience. View more context for this quotation1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires iv. 56 The Poet..brings in Crispinus, whom he had a lash at in his first Satyr.1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. iii This was meant as a lash for me.1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 2. ⁋5 The first lash of his Satyr falls upon the Censor of Great Britain.
2.
a. The flexible part of a whip; now sometimes in narrower sense, the piece of whipcord or the like forming the extremity of this. Cf. lash n.2
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge > whip-lash
stringc1000
lashc1381
whiplash1573
metal1611
voorslag1833
blacksnake1854
c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 178 The boxtre pipere, holm to whippis lasch.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 64 The collers crickets bones, the lash of filmes. View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 108. ¶2 I observed..that your Whip wanted a Lash to it.
a1800 W. Cowper Morning Dream 30 In his hand..A scourge hung with lashes he bore.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iv. i. 59 He will not ask it of me till the lash Be broken in its last and deepest wound.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vii. 94 Employing himself in plaiting fresh pieces [of whipcord]..on the lash of his whip.
b. Used poetically and rhetorically = ‘whip, scourge’. literal and figurative. Also in phrase, †out of (a person's) lash: out of danger from (his) attacks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > perfectly safe [phrase] > beyond danger of something
out of gunshot1556
lash1577
without the peril of1600
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge
swepea700
scourgea1225
whipc1325
swaipa1400
flagellec1430
flail?a1475
foueta1492
scorpion1541
lash1577
sot1588
thong1592
chawbuck1698
knout1716
taw1787
flagellum1807
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 102/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I He was out of his lashe that mynded to haue betrayed him.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 209 The slave fears the lash of his cruell Master.
1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered 197 The Vulgar Latin scapes the lash pretty well.
1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. v. 457 The Lash resounds, the rapid Chariot flies.
1732 C. Wogan Let. to Swift 27 Feb. in J. Swift Wks. (1803) XVIII. 188 Lest they should fall under the lash of the penal laws.
1786 F. Burney Diary 28 Nov. (1842) III. 232 With all this..she has not escaped the lash of scandal.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury lxxxv, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 323 Apollo..gave him in return the glittering lash, Installing him as herdsman.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 288 The Persians..were driven on to the conflict by the lash of their commanders.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 289 Tisiphone..Scourges the trembling sinners, her fierce lash arming her hands.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 117 Hunger is as keen a lash as the whip of the overseer of slaves.
c. the lash: the punishment of flogging.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating
swingingc1200
beating?c1225
chastising1303
correctionc1386
lashingc1400
scouring1426
Moses' law1482
jerking1552
whipping1566
yarking1573
feaking1600
correct1606
tawing1620
lacing1622
castigation1640
basking1642
verberation1661
strappado1668
the lash1694
flogging1758
whopping1812
quilting1822
blistering1842
whaling1852
nailing1895
1694 F. Bragge Pract. Disc. Parables vii. 238 Such Vagabonds..would..look upon honest Industry more eligible than the Lash.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 157. ⁋6 This Custom of educating by the Lash.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 126 He expired under the lash.
1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. V. 654 Serious breaches of discipline are still punished with the lash.
1881 Times 29 Mar. 9/3 There is throughout these kingdoms a strong instinctive dislike of the lash.
†d. ? The next place to the front in a team of four horses. Cf. lash-horse n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice v. 55 Cause him to bee put vnto the Cart, placing him in that place which the Carters call the lash, so that hee may haue two Horses to follow behinde him, whom together with the loade..hee cannot drawe away.
e. An alleged name for a ‘company’ of carters. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij.
3. Short for eyelash n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > eyelash > [noun]
breec1450
eye-bree1577
winker1734
eyelash1755
lash1796
eyewinker1808
cilia1838
1796 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 267 Priestley [makes them arise] from inflection through the lashes.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel i. Concl. 22 Tears she sheds—Large tears that leave the lashes bright!
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge i. 232 Long dark lashes..concealed his downcast eyes.
†4. Phrases of obscure origin in which the identity of the word is doubtful. to leave in the lash = to leave in the lurch. to lie in the lash: to be left in the lurch. to run in or upon the lash: to incur more debts than one can pay. Obsolete.[Possibly we should compare in the lash with out of his lash (quot. 1577 at sense 2b). The passage from Tusser (quot. 1580 below) is given by Johnson as his only example of the sense ‘a leash or string in which an animal is held, a snare’ (cf. lash n.2). Some have assigned to the noun in these phrases a sense ‘mire’.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > be in difficulties or straits > be left in the lurch
to be left in the laps1558
to lie in the lash1573
to get left1827
the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in difficulty > leave in the lurch
lurch1530
to leave in the lash1573
to leave in the lurch1596
cart1889
society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > be in debt [verb (intransitive)] > run into debt
to run in or upon the lash1573
to overrun the constable1699
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > delude [verb (intransitive)] > be deluded
to lie in the lash1573
to have found (also spied) a mare's nest1576
overtake1581
hallucinate1652
mare's-nest1859
to get left1884
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > deceive, delude [verb (transitive)] > leave in the lurch
to leave in the lash1573
to leave in the lurch1596
lurcha1651
to give (one) the bag to hold1793
1573 G. Gascoigne Disc. Aduentures Master F. I. in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 243 My Nell hath stolen thy fynest stuff, & left thee in the lash.
1576 J. Woolton Christian Man. sig. I.iii The wyse and welmeaning debtour, who goeth eyther vppon the score, or booke, hath oftentymes an eye vnto the score: least he be ouerreckoned, & runne in the lashe.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 60 The fermer they leaue in the lash, with losses on euerie side.
1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies of London ii. A iij I will flaunt it and braue it after the lusty swash: Ile deceiue thousandes, what care I who lye in the lashe?
1607 S. Hieron Remedie for Securitie in Wks. (1620) I. 436 We runne on still vpon the lash, and neuer looke on the score.
a1624 Bp. M. Smith Serm. (1632) 110 When we lost Callis in his quarrell, he left vs in the lash, and gaue vs the slip.
5. An attempt; esp. in to have a lash (at), to make an attempt, to ‘have a go at’. Australian and New Zealand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt
tastec1330
assayc1386
proffera1400
proof?a1400
pluck?1499
saymenta1500
minta1522
attemptate1531
attempt1548
attemption1565
say1568
trice1579
offer1581
fling1590
tempt1597
essay1598
trial1614
tentative1632
molition1643
conamen1661
put1661
tentamen1673
conatus1722
shot1756
go1784
ettle1790
shy1824
hack1830
try1832
pop1839
slap1840
venture1842
stagger1865
flutter1874
whack1884
whirl1884
smack1889
swipe1892
buck1913
lash1941
wham1957
play1961
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 42 Lash at, have a, to make an attempt at (something).
1945 J. Pascoe Canterbury High Country 28 A few may spend their cheque in a glorious lash at the beer.
1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. vii. 37 He was..hoping to get a lash at the Huns.
1949 R. Park Poor Man's Orange (1950) 193 The blithe pipings of old men who, safe [from the fight] up on their balconies, leaned over rails and exhorted everyone to 'ave a lash.
1971 Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 17 Oct. 14/2 I am a natural sportsman. Only last week I donkey licked the local kindy kids at drop the hankie. So I went out to Surfers Paradise course to have a lash.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
lash-free adj.
ΚΠ
1623 B. Jonson Time Vindicated 70 I..with this whipp you see, Doe lash the Time, and am my selfe lash-free.
b. (In sense 3.)
lash-shaded adj.
ΚΠ
1859 J. H. Ingraham Pillar of Fire i. vi. 111 The aquiline nose and the lash-shaded dark, bright eye.
lash-shadowed adj.
ΚΠ
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlvi. 110 Her..lash-shadowed eyes.
lash-tender adj.
ΚΠ
a1889 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 185 Whether..furled Fast ór they [sc. ashboughs] in clammyish lashtender combs creep Apart wide.
C2.
lash-horse n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Lash-horse, the third horse from the plough or wagon, or horse before a pin-horse in the team.
lash rope n. North American a rope used for lashing a pack or load on a horse or vehicle.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > straps securing pack
wanty1297
lash rope1806
pack strap1855
1806 M. Lewis Jrnl. 7 June in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1991) VII. 343 Sergt. Gass, McNeal, Whitehouse and Goodrich accompanyed them with a view to procure some pack or lash ropes.
1822 J. Fowler Jrnl. 18 June (1898) 159 We then took the lash Roaps and tyed up the Horses.
1843 Amer. Pioneer 2 162 Each horse was provided with..a lash rope to secure the load.
1888 J. A. Lees & W. J. Clutterbuck B.C. 1887: Ramble in Brit. Columbia 229 The lash rope is from thirty to forty feet long.
1929 Collier's 5 Jan. 33/3 ‘Wait until I get my lash rope’ (i.e., the rope with which he bound his load on his sledge).
1963 R. D. Symons Many Trails vii. 77 Lash ropes were tightened till the pack animals grunted.
lash-whip n. a whip with a lash, opposed to a ‘crop’ (see crop n. 7c).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > urge on > with a whip > (types of) whip
wandc1400
rod?a1475
riding rod?a1549
switch1597
quirka1616
whippet1616
shambrier1667
horsewhipa1691
whip-stick1782
lash-whip1787
flogger1789
string1839
nagaika1842
whalebone1842
quirt1845
switcher1847
ash-plant1850
hunting-crop1857
dick1864
bow-whip1890
1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 21 I would advise you always to ride with a lash whip; it shews the sportsman.

Draft additions January 2011

British slang. on the lash: out at pubs, bars, etc., drinking alcohol; engaged in a bout of heavy drinking. Frequently with out.
ΚΠ
1998 Guardian 19 May 26/2 [He] said..that a few nights on the lash were worth sacrificing if it made him a better player.
2000 P. Kimmage Full Time (2001) vi. 68 A life of part-time football, junk food and late nights on the lash chasing totty with the lads.
2002 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 2 June (Sport section) 5/7 Tried to acclimatise by going out on the lash every night.
2004 Independent 4 Dec. (Traveller section) 4/2 God knows how he manages to find his way back here after a night out on the lash.
2010 Field Feb. 27/2 He was having a riot of a day while I played nanny to an elderly hedonist on the lash.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

lashn.2

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Etymology: Perhaps variant of latch n.1, < Old French lache verbal noun, < lachier , dialect variant of lacier : see lace v. Compare Swiss German laschen shoe-lace. It is possible that the three senses below have arisen from the substitution of lash n.1 for other words of somewhat similar sound and meaning.
†1. A string, cord, thong. Cf. lace n. 1, latch n.1 1. Obsolete. (Quot. c1440 is somewhat doubtful; throat-lash is current as a variant of throat-latch.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > tie > thong, lace, or cord
lainera1387
lashc1440
lanyard1483
lingel1538
whangc1540
lunge1607
lore1621
ament1623
thong1665
lad1847
lorum1903
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 288/1 Lasche, stroke [sic], ligula.
†2. = lasso n. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > lasso
lays1726
lash1748
rope1798
lasso1808
lariat1835
slip-noose1837
riata1846
honda1887
loop1907
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 65 A machine, which the English..at Buenos Ayres, generally denominate a lash. It is made of a thong of several fathoms in length..with a running noose at one end of it.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 66 The address both of the Spaniards and Indians in..the use of this lash or noose.
3. Weaving. = lease n.1 or leash n.
ΚΠ
1731 C. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 106.
1831 G. R. Porter Treat. Silk Manuf. 246 Eight rows, forming as many leases or lashes in the warp.
1857 Parkhill Hist. Paisley xiv. 113 In the shawl manufacture the lashes have to be drawn twice.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Lash (Weaving), a thong formed of the combined ends of the cords by which a certain set of yarns are raised in the process of weaving Brussels carpet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

LASHn.3

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Forms: also Lash, lash.
Etymology: Acronym < the initials of lighter aboard ship.
Used, frequently attributive, to denote a ship, or system of shipping, in which loaded barges are placed directly on board the ship.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [adjective] > built to take loaded barges
LASH1965
1965 Maritime Reporter 1 Nov. 21 (advt.) The LASH System combines an ultra-simple, fast, automated ship with a large number of low-cost lighters.
1967 Economist 7 Jan. 51/2 This is the LASH shipping system (Lighter Aboard Ship Inc.) which both the Americans and Germans are now building. A LASH ship is designed to pick up and carry 250-ton lighters, which are towed to and from the ship regardless of tides or port labour schedules.
1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 378/2 No container ships, but 5 Lash vessels..are under construction.
1970 Times 12 Aug. 18 Shipowners also hastened the introduction of..lash vessels in which laden barges are floated directly into a large hull.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lashadj.

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Forms: Also Middle English lache, Middle English laach, lacche, Middle English–1600s lasch(e, 1500s lashe.
Etymology: < Old French lasche (French lâche ) verbal adjective, < Old French lascher (French lâcher ): see latch v.2 With sense 3, compare lush adj.1
Obsolete exc. dialect.
†1. Culpably negligent or remiss. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adjective] > negligent
yemelesc897
recklesseOE
unshrivel1340
lashc1374
negligenta1382
laches1418
lachous1484
forgetful1526
neglect1603
wreaklessa1616
slighty1658
relasch1663
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iii. 122 Yif he be slowe and astoned and lache he lyueþ as an asse.
c1422 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 267 How laach and negligent Haue y been.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 115 Thai that var lasche couuardis gat nothing.
1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. v. 64 Sen God hes to ȝow power lent, Gif ye be lashe ye ar to blame.
1672 O. Walker Of Educ. i. v. 39 Immoderate praise makes him..lasch and negligent.
1694 R. L'Estrange Fables (ed. 2) 385 A lasche demission of Sovereign authority.
†2. In physical sense: Loose, lax, relaxed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > loose or stiff condition > [adjective]
leathwakec1000
lithebyc1000
starka1275
stiffc1305
standing1340
bainc1440
waldinc1485
resolveda1500
supplea1500
lash1513
limber1582
sagging1599
laxed1623
unslakeda1625
laxated1652
springy1674
gangling1764
lithesome1768
swack1768
unslackened1770
lissoma1800
wandle1803
loose-limbed1823
loose1846
unslacked1848
saggy1853
loose-jointed1859
loose-hung1869
gangly1871
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > [adjective] > loose, unfastened, or untied
loose1488
lash1513
untied1565
ungirt1579
unfastened1587
untucked1609
unreeved1730
unfixed1805
untaken1836
unbonded1878
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. xiii. 81 Hys wery breist and lymmys lasch.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 317/1 Lashe nat fast, lache.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe xii. f. lvx Goute whyche procedeth sometymes of debilytye of the synowes beynge lasshe.
3.
a. Of food, fruits, grass, etc.: Soft, watery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [adjective] > sloppy
waterya1425
lashc1440
washy1615
plashya1656
wish-washy1814
wish-wash1896
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 288/1 Lasche, or to fresche, and vnsavery.
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. I Not so good for the weake..stomackes, for it is of a lash and yet grosse substance.
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus v, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 194 Fruits being unwholsome and lash, before the fourth, or fifth Yeare.
1857 G. Borrow Romany Rye I. xxv. 299 After September the grass is good for little, lash and sour at best.
b. Of weather: Raw, wet.
ΚΠ
1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 383 Lash, or Lashy, very wet; as ‘cold lashy weather’.
c. Of a hide: Tender.
ΚΠ
1798 Ann. Agric. 30 314 A thick hide is bad, and a very thin one too lash.
d. lash egg n. see quot. a1825. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΚΠ
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Lash-egg, an egg without a full formed shell; covered only with a tough film.

Derivatives

† ˈlashly adv. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adverb]
recklesslyeOE
lighteOE
yemeleslichec1000
lightlyOE
recklessa1450
slightlya1557
uncaredly?1590
wretchlessly?16..
incuriously1603
uncarefully1655
carelessly1667
slightily1679
slapdash1680
lashly1691
cavalierly1718
negligent1738
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adverb] > negligently
negligentlya1382
recklessly1425
neglectly1594
lashly1691
neglectedly1865
1691 W. Hope Swordman's Vade-mecum 12 That he may not by being advised to play Calmly, fall into the other Extreme of Playing too Carelesly, Lashly, and perhaps Timerously.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lashv.1

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Forms: (past tense Middle English last, laiste), Middle English–1500s las(s)ch(e, lasshe, Middle English lasschyn, Middle English–1500s lashe, 1500s– lash.
Etymology: Of difficult etymology. The quots. seem to show that in branch I. the verb is the source, not the derivative, of lash n.1 An onomatopoeic origin is possible, and is favoured by the early appearance of the parallel and nearly synonymous lush v.1; compare dash , dush , flash , flush , mash , mush , smash , smush , etc. Some uses resemble those of French lâcher (Old French lascher ) to loose, let go (lâcher un coup to ‘let fly’). The senses in branch II. are < lash n.1, and in modern use have coloured the other senses.
I. To move swiftly and suddenly.
1. intransitive. To make a sudden movement; to dash, fly, rush, spring, start. Of light: To flash. Of tears, water: To pour, rush. Occasionally with allusion to lash n.1 2. Also with about, †asunder, away, back, down, out, †together. Const. at, from, into, †on, out of, to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [verb (intransitive)] > flash
lash13..
gliffa1400
flashc1540
wink1605
flush1646
bicker1667
outflasha1856
strobe1977
society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > fight [verb (intransitive)] > begin to fight
to step togetherc1275
lash13..
felterc1400
to fall forth1572
tackle1867
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst
to-burstc893
forbursta1000
springOE
to-flyc1000
to-shootc1000
to-springc1000
to-drevea1225
to-resea1225
to-breakc1230
to go shiversc1275
to-drivec1275
to-rivec1275
to-shenec1275
to-wendc1275
debruise1297
lash13..
to-dashc1300
to-scatter13..
to-shiver13..
shiverc1330
bequash1377
shinderc1390
brasta1400
bursta1400
to-shiderc1450
to fly in pieces1488
sprent1488
splindera1500
reavec1560
dishiver1562
shatter1567
disshiver1586
split1590
slent1608
besplit1638
disrupt1657
splintera1661
rupture1734
explode1784
to ding in staves1786
to break, knock etc., or go, to smash1798
spell1811
to go (also run) smash1818
to play smash1841
bust1844
splitter1860
disrump1886
to fall into staves1895
smash1904
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and suddenly
windc897
shootc1000
smite?c1225
flatc1300
lash13..
girda1400
shock?a1400
spara1400
spritc1400
whipc1440
skrim1487
glance1489
spang1513
whip1540
squirt1570
flirt1582
fly1590
sprunt1601
flame1633
darta1640
strike1639
jump1720
skite1721
scoot1758
jink1789
arrow1827
twitch1836
skive1854
sprint1899
skyhoot1901
catapult1928
slingshot1969
book1977
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > cause to move suddenly [verb (transitive)] > move suddenly with flailing action
lash1633
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] > move suddenly with flailing action
lasha1716
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > burst violently from rest or restraint
abreakOE
outburstOE
outbreaka1450
reboil1477
to break forth1535
burst1542
to break out1574
go1583
fulminate1630
break1693
lasha1716
to rage out1720
rip1856
outflame1890
13.. S. Erkenwolde 334 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 273 Liȝtly lasshit þer a leme loghe in þe abyme.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9263 (Kölbing) Mani geauntes..Þat on Arthour at ones last & wiþ his hors to grounde him dast.
a1400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. (1892) 502/346 Wiþ his teth anon He logged, þat al in-synder gon lasch.
a1400–50 Alexander 553 Þe liȝt lemand late laschis fra þe heuyn.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 2801 Whene ledys with longe speris Lasschene to gedyrs.
c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 298 The teres lasshed out of his yyen.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. xi. 200 Al thre lasshed on hym at ones with swerdes.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xii. 203 Thenne they drewe her swerdes and lasshyd to gyder egerly.
1633 F. Quarles in P. Fletcher Purple Island sig. R4 I..Past on my way; I lasht through thick and thinne.
1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 262 We know not what rich Joyes we lose when first we lash into a new offence.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xi. 562 To keep them..from lashing into those extremes, whereinto [etc.].
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 249 When it [sc. sin] finds the least vent it lashes out to the purpose.
1820 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. May 423 Wi' swash an' swow, the angry jow Cam lashan' down the braes.
1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. xxv. 283 A lizard [in stone] pausing and curling himself round a little in the angle; one expects him the next instant to lash round the shaft and vanish.
1883 A. Thomas Mod. Housewife 124 The rain was still lashing down furiously.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 1065 The Filariæ sanguinis..wriggling and lashing about..among the corpuscles.
2.
a. To let fly at, make a dash or rush at, aim a blow at. †Also with at used adverbially. In later use, with mixture of sense 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > strike at
swipc1380
lasha1400
foundc1420
drivec1540
dent1580
tilt1589
snap1631
spar1755
peg1828
slap1842
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > strike (of weapon) [verb (intransitive)] > strike one another
lasha1400
a1400–50 Alexander 1392 Archars..Lasch [Dublin MS. lashe] at þam of loft.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. x The chorle..lasshyd at hym with a grete clubbe.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. ix. 67 Now lasch thai at with bludy swerdis brycht.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. F2v Lashing dreadfully at euery part. View more context for this quotation
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. v. sig. P8v She hewd, she foynd, she lasht, she laid on euery side. View more context for this quotation
1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires v. 61 To laugh at Follies, or to lash at Vice.
1728 T. Sheridan in tr. Persius Satyrs (1739) Prol. 4 He rather lashes at those Poetasters.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 30 Each,..lash'd at each..with such blows, that [etc.].
b. to lash out: to strike out violently, to lay about one vigorously; (of a horse) to kick out. Also figurative †Also to lash it out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike or deliver blows [verb (intransitive)] > strike out
flingc1380
bursta1450
to lash out1567
belay1598
outlash1611
slash1689
to throw out1772
to let out1840
to hit out1856
sock1856
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > kick
startleOE
kickc1386
winch1483
fling1487
yark?1561
smite1600
to lash out1852
to kick over the traces1861
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (intransitive)] > severely
quip1542
snap1579
quib1580
to lash out1884
slam1884
to rip into——1907
to lace into1908
to light into ——1922
to give (make, have, etc.) grief1974
excoriate1985
1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Eiiiv Yet will I..repugne lashe out and kicke.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1321/1 After that to the barriers, where they lashed it out lustilie, & fought couragiouslie.
1852 F. E. Smedley Lewis Arundel xxxv. 269 Lewis..lashed out too, when he was first put in harness.
1884 Truth 4 Sept. 369/2 He..‘revived pamphleteering’ only to lash out at a famous Quarterly Reviewer for the great Tory historian's vilification of Carlyle.
1900 ‘F. Anstey’ Brass Bottle xiv. 222 He might..be lashing out with his hind legs and kicking everything to pieces.
†c. transitive. To assail, attack.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9783 (Kölbing) Bohort als a geaunt laiste & þe heued al todaiste.
3. transitive. To dash, throw, or move violently. Obsolete except in technical use. †Also with forth, out, up. to lash off, to strike off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently
shoveOE
swengea1225
slata1250
sleata1250
dashc1290
thringa1300
hurlc1305
lashc1330
to ding downc1380
rampenc1390
dinga1400
reelc1400
rash1485
flounce1582
squat1658
ram1718
whang1820
slug1862
slam1870
the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by beheading
to lash offc1330
whipc1380
off-whipa1400
to shorten by the head1530
firkc1540
to short (a person) by the head or knees1548
neckc1712
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > strike or knock out > violently
lashc1330
pash1530
to break out1611
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 7584 (Kölbing) Among þe ribaus anon he dast & sum þe heued of he laist.
a1400–50 Alexander 1325 He laschis out a lange swerde quen his launce failes.
c1430 Chev. Assigne 323 Feraunce launces vp his fete & lasschethe out his yen.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria v. f. 54 He lasshed ageynste the grounde the cuppe, that I loued beste.
1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 241 Lashinge oute, and shotynge of, in all the haste theyr greate gownes and harquebusshes.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Twelfth Bk. Metamorphoses in Fables 437 He falls; and lashing up his Heels, his Rider throws.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 378/1 The wool-comber..throws or ‘lashes’ a handful of wool..over the points of the teeth.
†4.
a. To lavish, squander. Chiefly with out. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > squander [verb (transitive)]
forspendc893
scatter1154
dispend1303
waste1340
misspendc1390
miswastec1400
consumec1425
waste1474
profund1527
lasha1535
prodige1538
lavish1542
to play away1562
riot1566
embezzle1578
dilapidate1590
squander1593
confound1598
to make ducks and drakes of or withc1600
prodigalize1611
profuse1611
squander1611
paddle1616
bezzle1617
to run out of ——1622
to piss away1628
prodigal1628
decoct1629
to bangle (away)1632
debauch1632
deboise1632
to fribble away1633
to fool out1635
to run outa1640
to fiddle away1667
slattera1681
dissipate1682
to play off1693
duck-and-drake1700
liquidate1702
sparkle away1703
waster1821
befool1861
to frivol away1866
to play (at) duck and drake with1872
to fling away1873
mislive1887
slather1904
mucker1928
profligate1938
peter1956
spaff2002
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 62/1 There was dayly pilled fro good men & honest, gret substaunce of goodes to be lashed oute among vnthriftes.
1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. B.ijv They hadde leuer lashe oute theyr wycked Mammon on the deade, than on the quycke.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 26v Some horskeper, lasshith [1577 lasheth] out prouender so..that corne is consumed, er chapman hath his.
1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xlvi. 30/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Then would he lash & powre all that euer he had in store or treasurie.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. I2v [He] must instantly..lash out that riotously, that his father got miserly.
1609 W. M. Man in Moone C 3 b You suppose it a great glory to lash your coyne, you care not where, nor vppon whom.
1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 157 Neither to hoord up niggardly, nor lash out lavishly.
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects ii. 327 A wicked man doth prodigally lash out all his joyes in the time of his prosperitie.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 702 You cant get on in this world without style all going in food and rent when I get it Ill lash it around I tell you in fine style.
†b. To pour out or forth impetuously (words, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > pour out or multiply (words, etc.)
multiply1340
lash1529
to boil forth1610
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 287/1 Colis..lasheth out scripture in bedelem as fast as they bothe in Almayn.
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie ii. 56 Hate, lashth out trewth, foes to displease.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 232 Then lasheth he forth many authorities and examples.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. iii. sig. J/2 Some men lash out cursings and othes of God, thereby prouoking him to anger.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures v. 13 Lashing out some words, that were a little more harsher than was requisite.
5. intransitive. Of persons. With out: To rush, launch out, into excess of any kind; to break out into violent language; to squander one's substance, be lavish. (In some quots. = absol. use of 4.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > squander or be prodigal [verb (intransitive)]
waste1390
lasha1560
squander1593
to play the prodigal1602
outlash1611
wanton1646
to light (also burn) the candle at both ends1736
extravagate1871
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > act immoderately or without restraint [verb (intransitive)]
overdoa1325
outragea1387
surfeitc1400
outraya1450
exceed1488
lasha1560
overlash1579
overlaunch1579
wanton1631
extravagate1829
wallow1876
to hit the high spots1891
to go overboard1931
a1560 T. Becon Sycke Mans Salve (1572) 145 Then lash they out, & liberally geue unto the poore, because they can keepe it no longer.
1592 ‘C. Cony-Catcher’ Def. Conny-catching sig. B2v A yoong youthfull Gentleman, giuen a litle to lash out liberally.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 287 So that hee..fall into no excesse, neither lash out beyond all reason and measure.
1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule (new ed.) 826 That I lash not out into the excesse of supperfluitie of wickednesse.
1664 Floddan Field iii. 22 Alas too lewdly he lashed out And foolishly his Ordnance spend.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. ix. 470 Yet could not the Duke..sometimes forbear lashing out into very free expressions.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xiv. 186 It consisted not with the Gravity..of a Nation professing true Religion, to lash out so excessively that way [in dress].
1959 G. Freeman Jack would be Gentleman i. 10 He'd never had the money to lash out properly.
1973 ‘M. Yorke’ Grave Matters i. vi. 35 He must have paid plenty for the place, besides what they're going to lash out in alterations.
II. Senses referring to lash n.1
6.
a. transitive. To beat, strike with a lash, whip, †rod, etc.; to flog, scourge.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > beat or flog [verb (intransitive)]
lash1398
lather1797
vapulate1818
lam1875
larrup1939
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > whip or scourge
swingc725
scourc1386
whipc1386
lash1398
bescourgea1400
swaipa1400
flail14..
belash1458
stripec1460
leash1503
flagelle1551
swingea1556
breech1573
lace1599
flagellate1623
slash1631
chawbuck1682
innocentize1708
swepe1710
belace1736
screenge1787
yedder1818
stock-whip1852
rawhide1858
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) vi. xii A bonde seruaunt..is bete and lasshid with ȝerdis.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 288/1 Lasschyn..verbero.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Belliall with a brydill renȝie Evir lascht thame on the lunȝie.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 155 Why dost thou lash that whore. View more context for this quotation
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 363 Some..furiously lash their bare shoulders with thorns.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 97 What became of the Fellow that we lash'd, we know not.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby vii. 59 Lashing the pony until they reached their journey's end.
1858 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 361 The lady lashed her horse and set off in pursuit.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid v, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 228 The charioteer as he speeds Tosses his flowing reins, and arising, lashes his steeds.
absolute.a1684 T. Lye in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1874) IV. Ps. lxxxix. 30–4 He lashes in love, in measure, in pity, and compassion.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 The Youthful Charioteers..Stoop to the Reins, and lash with all their force. View more context for this quotation1876 G. M. Hopkins Wreck of Deutschland viii, in Poems (1967) 54 Oh, We lash with the best or worst Word last!1877 A. Sewell Black Beauty (c1878) xx. 93 The man, fiercely pulling at the head of the forehorse, swore and lashed most brutally.1892 A. Conan Doyle Adventures Sherlock Holmes viii. 205 The sudden glare..made it impossible for me to tell what it was at which my friend lashed so savagely.
b. transferred, esp. of the action of waves upon the shore, etc. Occasionally intransitive. To fall with a lashing movement on the shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > forcibly or violently
beatOE
to run against ——a1425
smitec1450
quash1548
dash1611
kick1667
lashc1694
daud?1719
besmite1829
buck1861
tund1885
ram1897
prang1942
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > strike with an object > with something pliant
yarka1529
jerk1550
whissa1578
cut1607
scutch1611
slash1660
lashc1694
whip1699
switch1832
the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > forcibly or violently
beatc885
pilta1200
smitec1300
dashc1305
pitchc1325
dushc1400
hitc1400
jouncec1440
hurl1470
swack1488
knock1530
jut1548
squat1587
bump1699
jowl1770
smash1835
lasha1851
ding1874
biff1904
wham1948
slam1973
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > move restlessly about [verb (intransitive)] > sweep over or strike against a surface
wash1774
lasha1851
c1694 M. Prior Lady's Looking-glass 16 Big waves lash the frighten'd shores.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 255 Ah! what avail[s]..thy length of Tail, That lashes thy broad Sides.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck i. 3 From where th' Atlantic lashes Labrador.
1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 77 Poesy's unfailing river,..Lashing with melodious wave Many a sacred poet's grave.
1837 ‘Nimrod’ Chace, Turf, & Road i. 45 Another hound slips out of cover..with his nose to the ground and his stern lashing his side.
a1851 D. M. Moir Starlght Refl. in Poet. Wks. (1852) Lash the hoarse billows on the shore.
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. i. 6 It was a wet night; the rain lashed the panes.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 196 Atlas the rude..lashed by the wind and the rain evermore.
c. figurative; esp. ‘To scourge with satire’ (Johnson); to castigate in words, rebuke, satirize, vituperate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > severely
dressc1405
wipe1523
to take up1530
whip1530
to shake upa1556
trounce1607
castigatea1616
lasha1616
objurgate1616
thunderstrike1638
snub1672
drape1683
cut1737
rowa1798
score1812
to dress down1823
to pitch into ——1823
wig1829
to row (a person) up1838
to catch or get Jesse1839
slate1840
drop1853
to drop (down) to or on (to)1859
to give (a person) rats1862
to jump upon1868
to give (a person) fits1871
to give it to someone (pretty) stiff1880
lambaste1886
ruck1899
bollock1901
bawl1903
scrub1911
burn1914
to hang, draw, and quarter1930
to tear a strip off1940
to tear (someone) off a strip1940
brass1943
rocket1948
bitch1952
tee1955
fan-
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. i. 15 Why, headstrong liberty is lasht with woe. View more context for this quotation
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. i. i. 290 He calls a Magician Gods Minister and his Vicar,..for which he is lashed by T. Erastus.
1661 T. Lye in Morn. Exerc. Cripplegate xviii. 436 It is true God may frown on, yea, and severely lash a Solomon, a Jedidiah, when they break his Statutes.
a1704 T. Brown 1st Satyr Persius Imitated in Wks. (1707) I. i. 78 I must..Lash the vile Town with my Satyric Rhime.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. ii. 27 They [the hunting clergy] were severely lashed by the poets and moralists.
1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. vii. 532 He does not fail to lash the schoolmen directly.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 581 A scourge am I To lash the treasons of the Table Round.
1877 W. Black Green Pastures xxv. 203 Balfour..found himself lashed and torn to pieces every morning by the ‘Englebury Mercury’.
7.
a. With adv. or phrase as complement: to urge or drive by, or as by, lashes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > by impact or force > by striking or beating
smitec1330
swapa1375
inbeatc1420
possa1425
rushc1440
strike1450
ram1519
pash1530
thwack1566
whip1567
thump1596
lash1597
knocka1616
switcha1625
to knock down1653
to knock in1669
stave1837
whip1868
slog1884
to beat down-
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > make (more) violent [verb (transitive)] > force into violent activity
lash1781
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vi. 58 Lets whip these stragglers ore the seas againe, Lash hence these ouerweening rags of France. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cclxxii. 69 Those that disobey'd, He lash'd to duty with his sword of light.
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 584 These [steeds], with his Bow unbent, he lash'd along.
1729 T. Cooke Tales 182 He does not threaten to disarm him, but..to lash him from the Assembly.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 132 The passionate pedantic Schoolmaster, that lashes his Disciples into Learning.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 260 A glassy lake..Lashed into foaming waves.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxviii. 276 The excitement into which she had been lashed.
1861 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxiii, in Monthly Packet May 485 The violence of a weak nature lashed up to rage.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 68 Should I find you by my doors again, My men shall lash you from them like a dog.
1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 89 Then I see..the waves Lashed into madness.
1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 307 A strong head wind lashed the river into waves.
absolute.1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 43 Like men out of their way; let them Lash on never so fast, they are not at all the nearer to their Journeys end.
†b. To force out by a lash or stroke. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > strike with an object > with something pliant > force out by
lash1642
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 23 Others have their eie lasht out by a twig in their travaile.

Draft additions 1997

South African. Mining. To shovel and load (broken ore, rock, etc.) on to a truck; to fill (a truck) in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > shovel (coal, ore, etc.) onto vehicle
lash1932
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > shovel (coal, ore, etc.) onto vehicle > fill (vehicle or vessel) with coal, ore, etc.
cast1882
lash1932
1932 Watermeyer & Hoffenberg Witwatersrand Mining Pract. vi. 348 The snatch-block is moved nearer the face.., the object being to lash the rock directly from the pile into the truck.
1949 Nat. Inst. Personnel Res. Aptitude Tests Native Labour Witwatersrand Gold Mines (Pretoria) i. vi. 35 Figures 1 and 2 show the lashing efficiency of these groups, average number of cars lashed being plotted against total time on lashing duty.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lashv.2

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
Etymology: Perhaps < lash n.2, or < Old French lachier , dialectal variant of lacier : see lace v.Words of similar sound, and somewhat approximating in sense, are Dutch lasschen, to patch, sew together, to scarf (timber); German laschen to fit with a gusset, to scarf; from Middle Dutch lasche (modern lasch) rag, patch, gusset; German lasch, lasche flap, lappet, gusset, scarf-joint. But it does not appear probable that these have any connection with the English word.
†1. transitive. To lace (a garment). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > fasten
lace?c1225
gird1297
belta1400
buttona1425
garterc1440
lashc1440
pointa1470
trussa1475
lace1485
fasten1600
truss1610
bind1720
staylace1832
sandal1897
zip1929
to zip up1937
zipper1938
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > other
fur13..
buttonc1380
lashc1440
pointa1470
set1530
tuft1535
vent1547
ruff1548
spangle1548
string1548
superbody1552
to pull out1553
quilt1555
flute1578
seam1590
seed1604
overtrim1622
ruffle1625
tag1627
furbelow1701
tuck1709
flounce1711
pipe1841
skirt1848
ruche1855
pouch1897
panel1901
stag1902
create1908
pin-fit1926
ease1932
pre-board1940
post-board1963
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 288/1 Lasschyn, ligulo.
1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. Dv An Eele-skin sleeue, lasht heere and there with lace, Hye coller, lasht agen: breeche lasht also.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aiguilletter, to whip, or lash, with points.
2. Chiefly Nautical. To fasten or make fast with a cord, rope, thong, piece of twine, etc.; †to truss (clothes); to fasten to (something). Also with down, on, together; †reflexive of a plant. lash away, lash and carry (see quots. 18672, 18673).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > bind with cord, string, or tie
tiec1000
halchc1400
lacec1405
cable?1507
twitch1612
lash1624
wup1808
snub1888
zip-tie1985
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > bind with cord, string, or tie > to or on something
lash1624
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia v. 194 Her Ordnance being lashed so fast they could not be vnloosed.
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 79 Lash the Fish on to the Mast.
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 37 Bolts to lash the Boats on the upper Deck.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 31 This Plant..lashes itself round any tree that is near it.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. iv. 330 We had not a gun on board lashed.
1779 J. King Jrnl. 8 Feb. in J. Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. i. 526 This little boy they had lash'd under the thwarts.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §97, (note) The rods were here lashed together by a packthread.
1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 257 The Indians had lashed their canoes to the ship.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxix. 105 All our spare spars were taken on board and lashed.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Wreck of Hesperus in Boston Bk. (ed. 3) 77 A maiden fair, Lash'd close to a drifting mast.
1853 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 3) ii. 66 Lash down Pontoons.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling xiii. 386 Lash on the gut with the finest..silk you can procure.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lash and carry, the order given by the boatswain and his mates on piping up the hammocks, to accelerate the duty.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lash away, a phrase to hasten the lashing of hammocks.
1879 A. Brassey Sunshine & Storm 26 Our chairs were lashed.
1889 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 55 Lash all together by passing a string several times round each end of the package.

Compounds

lash-up n. (a) a makeshift or hastily contrived improvisation; also attributive; (b) (see quot. 1925).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift > that with which one makes shift
make-do1895
lash-up1898
Band-Aid1968
1898 W. P. Drury Tadpole of Archangel 86 Such a godforsaken lash-up of a bridge you never clapped eyes on!
1907 J. Masefield Tarpaulin Muster viii. 102 And down they all go—ship, and tea, and mate, and bishop, and general, and Jimmy and the whole lash-up.
1920 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 158/1 We..had been obliged to make ‘lash-up’ (i.e., makeshift) arrangements.
1924 P. P. Eckersley Captain Eckersley Explains i. 5 A ‘lash-up’ or experimental station was erected at the Marconi Works.
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 140 Lash-up, a failure. A fiasco. The break-down of anything.
1929 O. Harland Golden Plough iv. 97 Until we come to the present Imbroglio, the Glorious Lash-up of this very age.
1936 ‘Taffrail’ Mystery at Milford Haven 281 The boat..was what a blue~jacket would have called a ‘lash-up’, a thing of bits and pieces.
1958 Economist 13 Sept. 869/2 Black Knight is essentially a lash-up on which to test various designs of nose cone for the 2,500 mile ballistic weapon Blue Streak that should be ready for test in the early 1960s.
1962 W. Schirra in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 46 It [sc. the couch] was a simple bit of furniture compared to the lashup of tubing, fans, filters and tanks which was built around it.
1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xxv. 182 We didn't have time for an instrument check. It's just a lash-up really.
1974 Exchange & Mart (South ed.) 27 June 53M/3 Rebuilt motor, not a lash-up.
lashed-up adj. improvised.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [adjective] > unplanned
suddena1300
unpremeditate1551
extemporal1570
unpurposed1570
unmeditated1576
extemporate1590
unpremeditated1597
unplotted1598
extemporary1610
extemporanean1621
extempory1623
impremeditate1647
unthought1648
unresolved1649
extemporate1651
incogitate1652
unprojected1653
indeliberate1655
extemporaneous1656
indeliberated1656
autoschediastical1662
casual1667
offhanda1668
undiscourseda1670
extemporany1673
unplanned1775
impromptu1789
on (also upon) the spur of the moment (or occasion, etc.)1801
autoschediastic1809
impromptuary1827
improvised1833
extemporized1856
spontaneous1856
unconsidered1876
undevised1894
lashed-up1920
ad-libbed1933
willy-nilly1933
off the cuff1948
1920 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 154/1 By ‘lashed up’ means—(that is to say, ‘improvised’)—and with a makeshift staff of assistants, a tolerable chart was produced.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lashv.3

Brit. /laʃ/, U.S. /læʃ/
dialect.
transitive. To comb (the hair). Also with out.
ΚΠ
1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. Go and lash thee hair out, child.
1886 A. Rea Beckside Boggle 9 I's just wesh me and lash me hair.
1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. xii. 170 Take the redyng comb and lash your hair out.

Compounds

lash-comb n. a wide-toothed comb ( Lonsdale Gloss. 1869).
ΚΠ
1887 H. Caine Deemster I. vi. 120 When the lash comb had tossed back his long hair.
1894 H. Caine Manxman 108.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1330n.2c1440n.31965adj.c1374v.113..v.2c1440v.31863
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