LEDn.

Brit.

/ˌɛliːˈdiː/, U.S.

/ˌɛlˌiˈdi/

Forms: Also l.e.d., led

/lɛd/.

Etymology: Abbreviation.

A light-emitting diode: a semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is suitably applied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > semiconductor diode > [noun]

crystal rectifier1907

diode1919

varistor1937

photodiode1945

crystal diode1946

junction rectifier1951

junction diode1952

Zener diode1952

Zener1958

tunnel diode1959

light-emitting diode1962

Shockley diode1962

LED1968

Schottky diode1968

OLED1996

1968 Electronics World Jan. 36/1 Today, the LED is making possible vast improvements upon circuits that seem to have no obvious connection with photoelectric operations.

1971 New Scientist 1 Apr. 26/3 LEDs have not caught on to any great extent because they cost a great deal more.

1975 Hi-Fi Answers Feb. 78/2 The light pulses from the led are picked up by a photo~conductive cell and applied to the filter.

1976 Pract. Electronics Oct. 810 (caption) Block diagram of the system using two separate l.e.d. displays.

1978 J. M. Pasachoff & M. L. Kutner University Astron. ix. 271 Gallium production..is used in many solid state devices including the light-emitting diodes (LED's) that form the digits on most pocket calculators and digital watches.

1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 19/2 The logger can be programmed to these levels, indicating on a led display which channel is giving a fault condition signal.

1984 What Video? Aug. 21/2 It has an LED recording level meter.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ledadj.

Brit.

/lɛd/, U.S.

/lɛd/

Etymology: Past participle of lead v.¹

1. In various nonce-uses (see the verb).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > [adjective] > course or span of life > of life: that has been lived through

led1570

lived1845

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [adjective] > guided or led

conductc1430

led1570

conducted1646

society > authority > control > [adjective] > leading or guiding > led or guided

well-led1544

well-guided1572

led1753

guided1857

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Diii^v/2 Ledde, ductus.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iv. sig. Nn2^v I would suffer this fault..to be blotted out of my minde, by your former led life.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxii. 203 Is not in his own power. He suffers himself to be a led man.

absolute.1895 Daily News 11 July 5/1 The fusion is adopted by the leaders and half repudiated by the led.

2. led horse, a spare horse, led by an attendant or groom; also a sumpter- or pack-horse. Also transferred in led tub, etc., (Mining): see quot. 1849.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > guided by a lead

led horse1662

lead-horse1828

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > pack-horse

summer?a1300

bottle-horsea1414

mail horse1440

sumpter horsec1450

sommier1481

packhorse?a1500

carriage horse1500

sumpter1526

sumpture1567

load-horse1568

loader1600

baggage-horse1640

led horse1662

portmanteau-gelding1694

portmanteau-horse1770

pack pony1850

bât-horse1863

pack1866

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 21 Twenty led Horses, with great silver Chains instead of Bridles.

1719 Free-thinker No. 109. 2 With an Hundred Led-Horses in his Train.

1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 35 The carriage was drawn by six led horses.

1842 R. H. Barham Smuggler's Leap in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 160 The led-horse laden with five tubs more.

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 34 A led tub or corf means a spare one, for the barrowman to leave empty with the hewer, whilst the full one is being put to the flat or crane.

1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 84 Will Hood had a ‘led’ lamp; it soon was kindled.

3. That follows slavishly or as a sycophant. led-captain, a hanger-on, dependant, parasite. So also led-†eater, †led friend, led poet.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [adjective]

fikingc1230

papelarda1500

gnathonical1540

clawing1574

pickthank1575

slavering1575

claw-back1577

courting1580

fawning1585

adulatory1587

insinuating1592

insinuative1592

scraping1599

adulatorious1612

men-pleasing1615

pickthanking1621

sycophantical1632

gnathonic1637

insinuanta1639

sycophantizing1640

ingratiating1642

led1672

sycophanting1674

sycophantly1680

sycophanta1684

sycophantica1698

pickthankly1702

assiduous1725

foot-licking1786

tuft-hunting1789

sycophantish1821

favour-currying1831

bootlicking1849

toadying1863

creepy-crawly1890

slauming1904

toadyish1909

ass-licking1940

ass-kissing1942

brown-nosing1946

arse-licking1950

sucky1991

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer > parasite

clienta1393

lick-dishc1440

maunche present1440

scambler?a1513

smell-feast1519

parasite1539

hanger-on1549

parasitaster1552

waiter at the table1552

lick-trencher1571

hang-by1579

shadow1579

trencher-fly1590

trencher-friend1590

fawnguest1592

pot-hunter1592

lick-spigot1599

trencherman1599

shark1600

tub-hunter1600

zany1601

lick-box1611

by-hangera1626

cosherer1634

shirk1639

panlicker1641

clientelary1655

tantony1659

led friend1672

sponger1677

fetcher and carrier1751

myrmidon1800

trencher-licker1814

onhanger1821

tag-tail1835

sponge1838

lick-ladle1849

lick-platter1853

sucker1856

freeloader1933

bludger1938

ligger1977

joyrider1990

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun] > parasitic poet

led poet1881

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer > parasite > a poet, of a patron

led poet1881

1672 W. Wycherley Love in Wood i. i Every wit has his cully, as every squire his led captain.

1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 7 He is in short a Led-eater..and dry-jester to Gameing, and Jocky-Lords.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 208. ⁋2 There is hardly a rich Man in the World, who has not such a led Friend.

1745 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 68 Churchill, whose led-captain he [Sir John Cope] was.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 454 A led captain and trencher-man of my Lord Steyne.

1866 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/4 In the last century opera singers used to keep led-captains in their pay, who..swore their employers were incomparable, and defied those who dared denial to the duello.

1881 G. Saintsbury Dryden 53 Elkanah Settle was one of Rochester's innumerable led-poets.

4. led farm n. Scottish a farm held and controlled by a non-resident farmer.

ΚΠ

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xi. 224 The Dewke's no that fond o' led farms.

1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 58 The Back o' Beyont was a solitary place,..and was situated on a led farm.

in extended use.1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. iv. 92 He transferred the Markgrafdom to Brandenburg, probably as more central in his wide lands; Salzwedel is henceforth the led Markgrafdom or Marck.

Draft additions 1997

5. As the second element in instrumental compounds: see the first element.

a. In literary writing from the late 16th cent., as star-led at star n.¹ Compounds 1c), pixie-led adj., fancy-led adj. at fancy n. and adj. Compounds 1c, etc.

ΚΠ

1596 W. Smith Chloris xiii. sig. B2 A lust-led Satyre hauing hir in chace.

1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems ii. ii. 136 Be neither saint nor sophist-led, but be a man!

b. More commonly from the mid 20th cent. in Politics and esp. in Economics contexts, as communist-led adj. at communist n. and adj. Compounds 1, export-led adj. at export n. Additions), etc.

ΚΠ

1968 Punch 29 May 761/1 She insists that the boom must be ‘export-led’ and not ‘consumer-led’.

1984 Dance Theatre Jrnl. May 17/4 We..publish a features-led, rather than reviews-led arts page.

1990 J. Park Brit. Cinema vi. 111 Hammer was too much a market-led company to encourage fresh approaches to the monstrous.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	led
释义	LEDn. Brit. /ˌɛliːˈdiː/, U.S. /ˌɛlˌiˈdi/ Forms: Also l.e.d., led /lɛd/. Etymology: Abbreviation. A light-emitting diode: a semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is suitably applied. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > semiconductor diode > [noun] crystal rectifier1907 diode1919 varistor1937 photodiode1945 crystal diode1946 junction rectifier1951 junction diode1952 Zener diode1952 Zener1958 tunnel diode1959 light-emitting diode1962 Shockley diode1962 LED1968 Schottky diode1968 OLED1996 1968 Electronics World Jan. 36/1 Today, the LED is making possible vast improvements upon circuits that seem to have no obvious connection with photoelectric operations. 1971 New Scientist 1 Apr. 26/3 LEDs have not caught on to any great extent because they cost a great deal more. 1975 Hi-Fi Answers Feb. 78/2 The light pulses from the led are picked up by a photo~conductive cell and applied to the filter. 1976 Pract. Electronics Oct. 810 (caption) Block diagram of the system using two separate l.e.d. displays. 1978 J. M. Pasachoff & M. L. Kutner University Astron. ix. 271 Gallium production..is used in many solid state devices including the light-emitting diodes (LED's) that form the digits on most pocket calculators and digital watches. 1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 19/2 The logger can be programmed to these levels, indicating on a led display which channel is giving a fault condition signal. 1984 What Video? Aug. 21/2 It has an LED recording level meter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ledadj. Brit. /lɛd/, U.S. /lɛd/ Etymology: Past participle of lead v.¹ 1. In various nonce-uses (see the verb). ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > [adjective] > course or span of life > of life: that has been lived through led1570 lived1845 society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [adjective] > guided or led conductc1430 led1570 conducted1646 society > authority > control > [adjective] > leading or guiding > led or guided well-led1544 well-guided1572 led1753 guided1857 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Diii^v/2 Ledde, ductus. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iv. sig. Nn2^v I would suffer this fault..to be blotted out of my minde, by your former led life. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxii. 203 Is not in his own power. He suffers himself to be a led man. absolute.1895 Daily News 11 July 5/1 The fusion is adopted by the leaders and half repudiated by the led. 2. led horse, a spare horse, led by an attendant or groom; also a sumpter- or pack-horse. Also transferred in led tub, etc., (Mining): see quot. 1849. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > guided by a lead led horse1662 lead-horse1828 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > pack-horse summer?a1300 bottle-horsea1414 mail horse1440 sumpter horsec1450 sommier1481 packhorse?a1500 carriage horse1500 sumpter1526 sumpture1567 load-horse1568 loader1600 baggage-horse1640 led horse1662 portmanteau-gelding1694 portmanteau-horse1770 pack pony1850 bât-horse1863 pack1866 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 21 Twenty led Horses, with great silver Chains instead of Bridles. 1719 Free-thinker No. 109. 2 With an Hundred Led-Horses in his Train. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 35 The carriage was drawn by six led horses. 1842 R. H. Barham Smuggler's Leap in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 160 The led-horse laden with five tubs more. 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 34 A led tub or corf means a spare one, for the barrowman to leave empty with the hewer, whilst the full one is being put to the flat or crane. 1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 84 Will Hood had a ‘led’ lamp; it soon was kindled. 3. That follows slavishly or as a sycophant. led-captain, a hanger-on, dependant, parasite. So also led-†eater, †led friend, led poet. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [adjective] fikingc1230 papelarda1500 gnathonical1540 clawing1574 pickthank1575 slavering1575 claw-back1577 courting1580 fawning1585 adulatory1587 insinuating1592 insinuative1592 scraping1599 adulatorious1612 men-pleasing1615 pickthanking1621 sycophantical1632 gnathonic1637 insinuanta1639 sycophantizing1640 ingratiating1642 led1672 sycophanting1674 sycophantly1680 sycophanta1684 sycophantica1698 pickthankly1702 assiduous1725 foot-licking1786 tuft-hunting1789 sycophantish1821 favour-currying1831 bootlicking1849 toadying1863 creepy-crawly1890 slauming1904 toadyish1909 ass-licking1940 ass-kissing1942 brown-nosing1946 arse-licking1950 sucky1991 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer > parasite clienta1393 lick-dishc1440 maunche present1440 scambler?a1513 smell-feast1519 parasite1539 hanger-on1549 parasitaster1552 waiter at the table1552 lick-trencher1571 hang-by1579 shadow1579 trencher-fly1590 trencher-friend1590 fawnguest1592 pot-hunter1592 lick-spigot1599 trencherman1599 shark1600 tub-hunter1600 zany1601 lick-box1611 by-hangera1626 cosherer1634 shirk1639 panlicker1641 clientelary1655 tantony1659 led friend1672 sponger1677 fetcher and carrier1751 myrmidon1800 trencher-licker1814 onhanger1821 tag-tail1835 sponge1838 lick-ladle1849 lick-platter1853 sucker1856 freeloader1933 bludger1938 ligger1977 joyrider1990 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun] > parasitic poet led poet1881 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer > parasite > a poet, of a patron led poet1881 1672 W. Wycherley Love in Wood i. i Every wit has his cully, as every squire his led captain. 1679 T. Shadwell True Widow i. 7 He is in short a Led-eater..and dry-jester to Gameing, and Jocky-Lords. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 208. ⁋2 There is hardly a rich Man in the World, who has not such a led Friend. 1745 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 68 Churchill, whose led-captain he [Sir John Cope] was. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 454 A led captain and trencher-man of my Lord Steyne. 1866 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/4 In the last century opera singers used to keep led-captains in their pay, who..swore their employers were incomparable, and defied those who dared denial to the duello. 1881 G. Saintsbury Dryden 53 Elkanah Settle was one of Rochester's innumerable led-poets. 4. led farm n. Scottish a farm held and controlled by a non-resident farmer. ΚΠ 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xi. 224 The Dewke's no that fond o' led farms. 1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 58 The Back o' Beyont was a solitary place,..and was situated on a led farm. in extended use.1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. iv. 92 He transferred the Markgrafdom to Brandenburg, probably as more central in his wide lands; Salzwedel is henceforth the led Markgrafdom or Marck. Draft additions 1997 5. As the second element in instrumental compounds: see the first element. a. In literary writing from the late 16th cent., as star-led at star n.¹ Compounds 1c), pixie-led adj., fancy-led adj. at fancy n. and adj. Compounds 1c, etc. ΚΠ 1596 W. Smith Chloris xiii. sig. B2 A lust-led Satyre hauing hir in chace. 1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems ii. ii. 136 Be neither saint nor sophist-led, but be a man! b. More commonly from the mid 20th cent. in Politics and esp. in Economics contexts, as communist-led adj. at communist n. and adj. Compounds 1, export-led adj. at export n. Additions), etc. ΚΠ 1968 Punch 29 May 761/1 She insists that the boom must be ‘export-led’ and not ‘consumer-led’. 1984 Dance Theatre Jrnl. May 17/4 We..publish a features-led, rather than reviews-led arts page. 1990 J. Park Brit. Cinema vi. 111 Hammer was too much a market-led company to encourage fresh approaches to the monstrous. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1968adj.1570
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