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单词 latest
释义

latestadj.n.adv.

Brit. /ˈleɪtᵻst/, U.S. /ˈleɪdᵻst/
Forms: Old English lætest, Old English lætesþe (weak declension, feminine, perhaps transmission error), Old English–early Middle English latost, Old English Middle English (in a late copy)– latest, early Middle English lateste, Middle English latist, Middle English latiste, Middle English lattest, Middle English latyste; also Scottish pre-1700 latest, pre-1700 lattast, pre-1700 leitest.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymons: late adj.1, late adv., -est suffix.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian lest , adjective, Old Dutch letist , adjective (Middle Dutch letst , lest (adverb), laetst , adjective and adverb (rare), Dutch laatst , adjective, lest , adverb), Old Saxon latst , last , lętist (Middle Low German lest ), Old High German lazzōst , lezzist (adverb) recently, finally, lezzisto , adjective (Middle High German letzest , letzst , letst , German letzt ), Old Icelandic latastr , adjective < a Germanic superlative form < the base of late adj.1 and late adv. + the base of -est suffix. In later use probably re-formed directly < late adj.1 or late adv. + -est suffix. Compare last adj. and also latemost adj.The word is rare in Middle English (the more usual word being last adv., adj., and n.4), and very likely showed a short stem vowel (compare the forms lattest, lattast, and discussion at latter adj., adv., and n.). It was probably re-formed on the positive (late adj.1 and late adv.) in early modern English (compare discussion at later adv., adj., and int.).
A. adj.
1. Last, final. Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [adjective] > last in order
latemostOE
nextOE
aftermostOE
latestOE
lastc1175
outmost1447
terminalc1475
extreme1477
hindmost1526
final1530
lag1552
uttermosta1555
darrein1555
utter1558
lattermost1566
afterward1584
dernier1602
ultime1626
ultimate1728
postreme1814
OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 44 Se pening.., þe se hlaford forgifð þam latostum wyrhtum, þe on æfnunge becomon into þam winearde.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xiii. 277 Þa þa seo mætetid com, & eallinga seo læteste [Otho lætesþe] tid þæs dæges onsæt.
lOE List of Sureties, Yaxley & Farcet (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Peterborough Abbey (2009) 325 Þa Ætheluuine aldorman & Ęaldulf biscop sealdan Æthestane & Alfwolde..þone latostan pęnig for þan lande into Burch.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 5 (MED) Of ðe lateste to-cume specð þe holie boc on oðer stede.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 205 In the latyste dayes, ther shullyn be Perillous tymes.
1559 J. Heywood in tr. Seneca Troas Pref. to Trag. sig. A.v That latest night, When Turrets tops, in Troy they blased bright.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. C3v Ile fight it out vnto the latest man.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 779 Now at the latest minute of the houre, Graunt vs your loues. View more context for this quotation
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 433 The thinnest or latest part of the milke of a Mare.
1619 M. Drayton Idea in Poems (new ed.) 273 Now at the last gaspe, of Loues latest Breath.
1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love v. i. 59 'Tis done—Tyrant, this is thy latest hour.
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. lviii. 20 There would he linger, till the latest ray Of light sat trembling on the welkin's bound.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc i. 320 I had her latest look of earthly love, I felt her hand's last pressure.
1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 70 How she might..sing to it one latest lullaby.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 40 For Philip's dwelling fronted on the street, The latest house to landward.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. i. 1 I, Fergant, living now my latest days.
a1971 S. Smith Coll. Poems (1975) 117 My true love breathed her latest breath And I have closed her eyes in death.
2. Slowest. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1372 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 81 Merci is redi þer senne is mest, & merci is lattest þer senne is lest.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 363 The see grauel is lattest for to drye.
3. Most recent; (in later use also) belonging to or characteristic of the most up-to-date fashion or trend. Cf. the latest word at word n. and int. Phrases 3c(b)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > most recent
youngestOE
last1411
latest1447
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > the placing of one thing after another > the last one
latest1447
lagc1530
postreme1553
closer1961
1447–8 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) ii. 79 (MED) The latist special acessyng and payement..wyche was acessyd and payed in maner and forme as by long tyme favoraboly hath be done.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. at Recentissimus Newest, or latest.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. vi. 1 The latest newes we heare, Is that [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 94 The interlineary Bible of Arias Montanus concurres with our best and latest English Translation of K. James.
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 93 The fourth [Falcon] is termed Murzarolt, (the latest term is Carvist..).
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Younger Regiment or Officer, in Military Affairs, that Regiment is counted Youngest, which was last rais'd, and that Officer youngest, whose Commission is of the latest Date.
1788 Crit. Rev. Jan. 7 The latest crystallographers are not mentioned.
1825 R. Southey Tale of Paraguay Ded. viii Take therefore now thy Father's latest lay,..Perhaps his last.
1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere III. vi. xliii. 257 The other men stood chatting politics and the latest news.
1900 ‘F. Anstey’ Brass Bottle i. 5 Let's have a look at Beevor's latest performance.
1962 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Oct. 32/1 The jet set is people who live fast and move fast, know the latest thing and do the unusual and unorthodox.
1970 A. Toffler Future Shock (1971) ii. 19 Doctors and executives alike complain that they cannot keep up with the latest developments in their fields.
2003 I. Chang Chinese in Amer. xi. 184 Chinese women wore the latest fashions.
4. Most late; most delayed; most advanced in time.
ΚΠ
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. H2 The houres I haue spent in piromanticke spels, The fearefull tossing in the latest night.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §577 The latest [Fruits] are..Grapes, Nuts, Quinces, Almonds, Sloes, Brier-berries.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry xix. 546 The Great Purple Cherry one of the best and latest Cherries, and a good bearer.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. IX. 204 The earliest and latest commencement of barley harvest, which I remember, was the 15th of August, and the last day of September.
1852 New Monthly Mag. Oct. 189 He was always latest up in a morning—first in the dining-hall, and last to forsake his glass for bed.
1884 Graphic 23 Aug. 198/1 The passengers in all except the latest trains are as a rule orderly enough.
1911 S. W. Mitchell John Sherwood, Ironmaster xi. 202 Hapworth, who was always latest and usually able to offer some pleasant excuse, sat down without a word.
2008 E. R. Transue Patient by Patient (2009) x. 71 I called every Sunday night just before nine, the latest time at which they considered it polite to call.
B. n.
1. With the. The last (of something). Obsolete.In quot. OE1 perhaps in adverbial use (cf. the last at last adv., adj., and n.4 Phrases 1b).
ΚΠ
OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xxii. 27 Nouissime autem omnium et mulier defunctus est : þe lætest [OE Lindisf. ðe lætmesta] þonne ealra & þæt wif ek aswalt.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 42 Ic wille soðlice syllan þisum latestan swa micel swa ðe.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 42 Þus wæron þa latestan fyrmeste, and þa fyrmestan endenexte.
a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 52 Thay wer fyrst y-sete yn þe latest of þe host.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 23 Good Fellowes all, The latest of my wealth Ile share among'st you. View more context for this quotation
1714 A. Philips tr. Thousand & One Days II. 353 I descended from the Place where I had passed the Night, that I might not be one of the latest to enter the Caverne.
1762 C. Wesley Short Hymns II. 220 When shall we hear his trumpet sound The latest of the seven?
1850 Plough, Loom, & Anvil June 779 The New England factories, the latest to stop, are the first to start when a change takes place.
2. at (the) latest: used to specify the latest time or date at which something can have occurred in the past, or can happen or be done in the future.In quot. c1400: at the latest point; finally, at last.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > at the latest
by the lasta1225
yeta1325
at (the) latestc1400
at (the) utterestc1425
at (the) farthest1600
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vi. l. 95 (MED) He þat ofte haueþ chaffared, Þat ay hath lost and lost, and at þe latiste hym happed He bouhte suche a bargayn.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 45 That you deliuer it [sc. the some of 600000. crownes] into the handes of our commissaries in your quarter, at the latest by the fifteene of September next comming.
1699 J. Drake & A. Baden tr. D. Le Clerc Hist. Physick iv. ix. 404 Praxagoras came a little after Diocles, living at the latest about the time of Aristotle.
1736 W. Popple Double Deceit iii. iii. 46 He hopes to be in Town, at latest, by To-morrow Noon.
1793 E. Gibbon Let. 25 July in Gentleman's Mag. (1797) Nov. 915/1 My speedy return to the Continent (next Spring at the latest) will preclude all opportunities of regular inspection.
1834 G. R. Gleig Allan Breck II. xvi. 293 We shall expect you here the day after tomorrow at the latest.
1884 Times 30 Jan. 9/3 Between February, or March at latest, and May.
1921 T. S. Eliot Let. 16 Aug. (1988) I. 463 I can get out as early as I like, but must always at the latest be back by 1.30.
1973 T. Crouse Boys on Bus i. i. 5 Many reporters were knotting their stomachs over their Sunday pieces, which had to be filed that afternoon at the latest.
2007 Guardian 29 Dec. 38/3 The so-called golden agers, who liked to suggest that television had done its best work by, at the latest, the 1970s.
3. With the. The latest (sense A. 3) story, news, or gossip. Also: the latest fashion or trend. Frequently in What's the latest?
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > the or a prevailing fashion
gentryc1400
the fashion1569
mainstream1599
the trim1603
mood1646
mode1649
vogue1649
beauty1653
à la mode1654
turn1695
the kick1699
goût1717
thing1734
taste1739
ton1769
nick1788
the tippy1790
twig1811
latest1814
dernier mot1834
ticket1838
kibosh1880
last cry1887
le (or the) dernier cri1896
flavour of the month (or week)1946
vague1962
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [noun] > recent part, piece of news, etc.
latest1814
last1842
1814 Examiner 18 Sept. 605/1 Well—what's the latest?—who beats?—where is Bonaparte now?
1886 H. Baumann Londinismen 94/1 What's the latest: was gibt's Neues?
1916 G. B. Shaw in Collier's 10 June 18/3 If you want to dine in evening dress confronted with a bediamonded wife and flanked by daughters in the very latest,..you will be unhappy in Ireland.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 311 Well, says the citizen, what's the latest from the scene of action?
1940 War Illustr. 19 Jan. 623 The newsvendor who still stands shivering at his wintry pitch, lustily shouting ‘the latest’ when you can only discern him dimly by the glow of his cigarette.
1961 P. G. Wodehouse Service with Smile iv. 64 ‘I say,’ he said..‘have you heard the latest?’
1999 Rotunda Summer 2/2 Egyptologist Roberta Shaw brings you the latest on what was in vogue throughout Pharonic times.
C. adv.
1. Most late; most recently; last. Frequently with past participle adjectives (cf. late adv. Compounds 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adverb] > most recently
latesteOE
nexteOE
lastc1225
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxi. 479 Ælc wyrt and ælc wudu wile weaxan..þær þ[æ]r hit gefret þæt hit hraðost weax[an] mæg and latost wealowian.
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lxiv. 119 Æfter his lifes geearnunge and æfter his wisdomes lare sy gecoren, se þe to abbodhade sceal, eac swylce þeah he latost to mynstre come and ytemest sy on endebyrdnesse þære gesomnunge.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 2 Those husbandmen which rise erliest, and come latest home.
1581 W. Fulke Reioynder Bristows Replie 45 O waightie censure of a proude papist, whiche..thinketh that to bee the highest point of learning, which he hath learned latest!
1600 J. Bodenham Bel-vedére 31 The latest wonne, is alwaies lou'd the longer.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 18 My fairest, my espous'd, my latest found. View more context for this quotation
1767 T. Percy Reliques (ed. 2) III. 271 That which stands first of the two [poems] (tho' perhaps the latest written) is intitled The sege of ierlam.
1799 H. Pigott Emily Dundorne III. xxxii. 156 The Hornby family..happened to be among the latest come.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 9 Nursing the sickly babe, her latest-born.
1873 Mrs. G. Gladstone Tom Gillies ix. 115 You go to bed now, and I'll come to you if I wake first; but I daresay I shall sleep latest.
1934 Pop. Mech. Nov. 678/2 Pluto, at the outpost of our sun world, latest discovered member of our family.
1956 H. F. Church in Bird-banding (1957) 28 174 The Swift..arrives latest and departs earliest.
1997 J. Bernardes Family Stud. (2002) v. 118 There has also been work in psychology that seeks to distinguish first born children from middle and latest born.
2. Most slowly. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 363 The see grauel is lattest for to drye, And lattest may thow therwith edifie.

Phrases

P1. of (also with) the latest: late; too late; cf. of prep. 31b, with prep. 15b. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 45 Cato biddes not to mowe your Grasse with the latest [L. faenum..ne sero seces], but before the seede be ripe.
1616 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Scornful Ladie iii. sig. E4v Tis somewhat of the latest now to weepe, You should haue wept when he was going home from you.
1633 W. Watts Swedish Intelligencer: 3rd & 4th Pts. iii. 101 The Imperialists flew in to the reskue of their bridge, but all with the latest.
1761 L. Sterne Let. 21 Sept. in Lett. 1739–64 (2009) 205 Your congratulation comes somewhat of the latest, as I have been possessed of it [sc. the curacy] some time.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. xii. 281 I think this summons comes a little of the latest..such differences are usually settled immediately after they occur.
1890 Sat. Rev. 28 June 793/1 Christian, who lay for days in the dungeons of Giant Despair, till of a sudden it struck him, though somewhat of the latest, that he had a key.
P2. the (very) latest in (something): the newest, most recently developed, or most up-to-date product, technology, etc., of a particular type.
ΚΠ
1869 New Albany (Indiana) Daily Ledger 12 Nov. The latest in French gilt jewelry is a little white guinea pig in a gilt cage.
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 509/3 The Trilby... The very latest in ladies' footwear.
1914 Bull. Amer. Libr. Assoc. May 64/2 Do you know the latest in library advertising?
1982 J. D. Wright Lexington: Heart of Bluegrass vi. 137/1 With the arrival in 1887 of Dr. David Barrow.., the latest in surgical techniques was introduced into Lexington.
2004 Church Times 23 July 14/2 A team of top British artisans are producing the first illuminated Bible in 500 years, using a combination of medieval methods and the latest in computer technology.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.adv.eOE
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