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单词 award
释义

awardn.

Brit. /əˈwɔːd/, U.S. /əˈwɔrd/
Forms: Middle English–1600s awarde, Middle English–1500s adward, Middle English– award.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman award, -airt, agard = Old French ewart , eswart , esguart , ‘look, aspect, attention, consideration, judicial decision, arbitrament,’ noun of action < eswarder , esguarder : see award v.1 For the spelling adv- see ad- prefix.
1. A decision after examination, a judicial sentence, esp. that of an arbitrator or umpire; the document embodying it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > decision of
ordinancea1325
awardc1386
arbitrament1426
wardc1460
warding1485
awardment1561
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋409 To stonde gladly to the award of hise souereynes.
1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 472 Sette att on by the adward off the Kyng.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. iv. 152 To gyve A-ward For ane of þa twa þan askand Ðe successyown of Scotland.
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 3/1 in Chron. I To interdite so manye..as disobeyed their awarde.
1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing viii. 69 The condemning award of that unintelligent Tribunal.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 78 The workmen have in several instances, refused to abide by the award of the umpire.
2.
a. That which is awarded or assigned, as payment, penalty, etc., by the terms of the judge's sentence or arbitrator's decision.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > that which is awarded
award1596
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > payment or penalty awarded
awardment1561
award1596
adjudication1602
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. x. sig. I8v Faint-heart-fooles, whom shew of perill hard Could terrifie from Fortunes faire adward . View more context for this quotation
1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (xiv. 17) 253 The Annoyances on their Bodies by Frogs and Lice..were the just Awards..of God's punitive Justice.
1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 134 The fatal infliction of the usual award of stripes.
1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 May 7/2 The balance of the Geneva Award.
b. Something conferred as a reward for merit; a prize, reward, honour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit
award1854
1854 Poultry Chron. 1 622/2 Game (cock and two hens), £1, three entries. No award for want of merit.
1930 Jrnl. Educ. Sept. 720 Scholarship awards... The following awards have been made to candidates who have been approved for admission to a college.
1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? x. 190 I know we're going to knock them for a row of Academy Awards.
1948 Ann. Reg. 1947 471 For the third time since the Nobel Prizes were instituted the awards for both Physics and Chemistry have been given to British men of science.
3. Keeping, care, custody, wardship. (Cf. award v.2 and ward n.2 2a) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > keeping or custody
yemselc1175
witing?c1225
yeminga1325
depose1393
baila1400
wardenshipa1400
guard1426
awarda1450
custodyc1450
credence1526
safe custody1536
credit1537
warding1548
guarding1551
guardiance1560
guardance1591
guardagea1616
guardship1629
wardship1631
guardianship1646
guardiancy1864
wardenry1906
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xix. l. 202 Nasciens In presown kepten thei there, That him & his londis bothe, they hadde In here Award.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxiii. l. 150 Loke thow..Of these ȝiftes that thow take good Award.
1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. i. sig. Aii To whose award all Creatures are assynde.

Compounds

award-winning adj. of a film, design, etc.: that has won an award or awards.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > award-winning
award-winning1962
1962 Times 30 May 5/2 His experience in documentary, being responsible for..the award-winning study of life in British day-schools, I Want to Go to School.
1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Apr. 302/2 One is warmed by the excellence of the 27 award-winning..schemes recognized by the Civic Trust.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

awardv.1

Brit. /əˈwɔːd/, U.S. /əˈwɔrd/
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman awarder, Old Northern French ewarder, eswarder, central French esguarder , to observe, look at, consider, examine, decide, ordain, fix = Old Spanish esguardar , Italian sguardare < Romanic *exwardāre , -guardāre , < ex out, thoroughly + wardāre , guardāre , < Old Low German *ward-ên (Old Saxon wardôn , Old English wardian , cognate with Old High German wartên , modern German warten ) to watch. Compare ward v.2, guard v.
I. To award a thing.
1. To examine a matter and adjudicate upon its merits; to decide, determine, after consideration or deliberation. Obsolete.
a. transitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > settle, arbitrate [verb (transitive)]
redeOE
to-dealc1275
deraignc1330
determinec1380
award1393
decidec1400
decise?a1425
decernc1425
discernc1425
arbitrea1513
deema1513
moder1534
resolve1586
divide1596
arbitrate1597
fit1600
moderate1602
umpire1609
sopite1628
appointa1631
determinate1647
issue1650
settle1651
to cut the melon1911
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 354 So as my court it hath awarded, Thou shalt be duely rewarded.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxvii. 106 I wylle that ye award and doo ryght.
1547 J. Heywood Dial. Wit & Folly Introd. (1846) 30 I judge and awarde Both these pleasures of yours as one in regarde.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 54 Shall then the testament award the right?
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 222 Ev'n he who sightless wants his visual ray, May by his touch alone award the day.
b. with infinitive phr. or subordinate clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > arbitrate [verb (intransitive)]
awardc1386
judgea1425
decidec1540
umpire1613
umpire1620
arbitrate1622
c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 202 This clerk schal have his thral; thus I awarde.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxvii. 106 I award..that hymself and his sone wend byfore the kyng.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 557 Th' unwise award to lodge it in the tow'rs.
2. To determine upon and appoint by judicial sentence.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > order judicially
judgea1325
discernc1425
rule1425
sentencec1503
decree1530
award1533
decerna1575
sententiate1593
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. xliii The iuges a warde write to enquyre of what fame and behauour the man ys.
1704 London Gaz. No. 4049/4 A Commission of Bankrupt being awarded against William Mackdugale.
a1710 R. Atkyns Parl. & Polit. Tracts (1734) 93 An Officer..executing Process which is erroneously awarded.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 502 Fines of four and five thousand pounds were awarded for brawls.
1884 Law Times Rep. 12 Apr. 207/1 An umpire..awarded that the local board should pay..200l.
3.
a. To grant or assign (to a person) by judicial or deliberate decision; to adjudge.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > award or impose judicially
showlOE
judgea1387
ward1442
adjudge1459
award1523
adjudging1581
sentence1618
abjudicate1666
adjudicate1700
1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII ii To award to the party complainant such amendes.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 297 A pound of that same Merchants flesh is thine, the Court awards it, and the law doth giue it. View more context for this quotation
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 304 It was not in his Power to award me any Reparation.
1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 66 He awarded to the Bishop of Vienne..four neighbouring cities.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) iii. 65 It was his..to award everlasting praise to his friends.
b. loosely. To furnish, give. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide, afford, or yield
givec1200
providec1425
supporta1449
utter1547
yield1548
offer1550
afforda1568
servea1577
award1582
presenta1586
produce1585
deliver1605
officiate1667
furnish1754
to throw up1768
scale1853
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 5 Furye weapon awardeth [L. furor arma ministrat].
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil Descr. Liparen in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 95 Theyre labor hoat they folow: toe the flame fits gyreful awarding.
II. To award a person. Obsolete.
4. To sentence, appoint (to do something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to do something
ordaina1325
disponec1374
rule1448
appoint1496
awarda1538
allot1566
to knock down1759
to set on1852
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)]
deemOE
awreaka1300
judgec1300
castc1390
adjudgec1450
awarda1538
sentence1592
doom1594
destinate1611
censurea1616
condemn1653
arraign1658
adjudicatea1681
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 127 The party condemnyd..schold ever be awardyd to pay costys.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 384 A tierce of Levites were awarded to waite.
5. To sentence, consign (to custody, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > judge > consign to Heaven or Hell
award1548
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Heb. in Paraphr. New Test. vi. 2 (R.) That last judgment, which shall awarde some to eternall felicitie, and other some to euerlastyng paynes.
1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 83 Yet euerie of them shall be awarded to prison.
1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 56 The..Lords..awarded him to the custody of the Marshall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

awardv.2

Etymology: < a- prefix1 + ward v.1
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To guard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard over [verb (transitive)]
hold971
witec1000
ward?a1035
looklOE
bewakec1175
getec1175
wakec1175
i-witea1240
forelook1340
watch?a1400
to watch over——1526
award?c1550
guard1582
to wait over ——1659
shepherd1885
watchdog1902
warden1910
?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 268 The passages weare straghtlie awarded bie there enemies.
2. To ward off (blows, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > ward off harm > specifically a stroke or blow
biberghOE
keepc1175
repela1460
to put bya1530
ward1571
award1579
bucklera1616
guard1654
foil1841
1579 Poore Knights Palace G iij Then Clodius, to award this blow, and to drive back this dome, etc.
1670 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 222 Dexterously, yet candidly, to award some unlucky points that are not seldom made at us.
1745 J. Mitchell in Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 108 To award off this Violence of the Sun's Beams.
1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) To award, or ward off, a blow, Ictum avertĕre.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.c1386v.1c1386v.2?c1550
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