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单词 leet
释义

leetn.1

Forms:

α. Old English gelæt, Old English gelæte, Old English geleta (Northumbrian, plural), Old English giletum (Northumbrian, dative plural).

β. Middle English late, Middle English–1500s lete, 1500s leete, 1600s–1800s leet.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German gilâz junction, juncture, (also specifically) junction or meeting (of ways), (more typically) leave, concession, grace (Middle High German gelâz , German Gelaß , now only in the sense ‘room’) < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of let v.1 With the Old English genitive phrase (þāra) wega gelǣte ‘junction of (the) ways’, compare Old High German kalâz dero uuego in the same sense; compare also discussion at wayleet n. In β. forms probably aphetic < α. forms. Compare wayleet n. and later leat n.Nouns derived from the base of let v.1 are attested in the Germanic languages in a variety of different stem classes and in a wide range of senses of the verb (compare e.g. the Germanic nouns cited at i-lete n., lait n.2, and also Middle High German gelæze place of settlement, dues to be paid from a serf's inheritance); it is likely that these show several independent formations from the same base. The sense ‘junction, juncture’ is apparently attested only for prefixed forms (compare discussion at y- prefix of the typical uses of this prefix). In Old English (in the basic sense ‘coming together, junction’) attested almost exclusively with reference to roads and ways, typically in collocation with the genitive plural of weg way n.1 (or strǣt street n.); compare also the compound weg-gelǣte wayleet n. However, compare the (rare) compounds wæter-gelǣt with reference to a confluence or junction of waters (see water leat n.), and þēoh-gelǣte thigh-joint (compare thigh n.). In Old English apparently a strong neuter (ja -stem) gelǣte (plural gelǣtu ), with a by-form gelǣt usually also assumed to be a strong neuter (a -stem), on the evidence of the Germanic cognates; however, the early Middle English evidence at leat n. also suggests the existence of a strong feminine by-form (compare quots. 1279, c1340 at that entry which show forms reflecting feminine agreement). A feminine by-form is also found for Middle High German gelæze in sense ‘behaviour’ (see i-lete n.).
Obsolete (English regional (chiefly East Anglian) and Irish English (Wexford) in later use).
1. A point of junction or meeting (of ways); (hence) a place where two or more roads or ways meet, a crossroads. In later use only with the number of ways specified, as two-way leet, three-way leet, four-way leet, etc. Also figurative. Cf. wayleet n.In Old English also in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun]
wayleetOE
leetOE
cornerc1384
cornelc1420
three-went way1787
infall1895
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 31 Biuium, twegra wega gelæte, triuium, þreora wega gelætu [other MSS gelæto, gelæte, gelæt], competum, fela [wega] gelætu.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 9 Gað nu witodlice to wega gelætum.
OE Bounds (Sawyer 587) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 2 (2001) 294 Þonne east andlang stræte, oþ þæra stræta gelæto.
a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 496) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 150 Of þam byrgelse to þære flodan æt swin weges slo æt þære wege gelæton.
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 502 (MED) He com to a four way lete Biȝonde Espire, þat riche cite.
1445 in P. H. Reaney Place-names Essex (1935) 155 Ffourweylate.
a1547 in P. H. Reaney Place-names Essex (1935) 155 The ffyvewaylete.
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxv. 12) We stand as it were in a twowayleete, in every of our dooings, we hang in doubt, and are at our wittes end.
1593 in F. G. Emmison Elizabethan Life (1973) (modernized text) II. i. 14 George Sadler of Wix at the five-way leet.
1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 134 Our children, old women, and maides afraid to crosse a Churchyeard, or a three-way leet.
1608 P. Golding tr. J. Sleidane Epit. Frossard ii. 95 Arriuing at a three-way leete, and consulting among themselues which way was to be taken.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. ix. 36 Situated in the midest, betweene Latium, and Tuscanie, as it were in a two-way-leet.
1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xciv. §923 There are four principall ones..the Heathenish, Jewish, Christian, Mahometan..of which scrupulous four-way-leet, to take an historical short delineation.
1691 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 105 A Three or four-way Leet,..where three or four ways meet.
1722 J. Covel Some Acct. Greek Church ii. ii. 389 Many of the oldest Crosses..are placed in what we call, a three way Leet, that is, where only three ways meet like, Y.
a1827 J. Poole Gloss. in T. P. Dolan & D. Ó. Muirithe Dial. Forth & Bargy (1996) 70Vour wing leet’, four cross roads.
2. English regional (East Anglian). A fair or fête, apparently originally one held at a crossroads.
ΚΠ
1831 in W. Hone Year Bk. (1832) 555/20 The above notice [from East Tuddenham, Norfolk] relates to a sort of village wake, called there ‘a leet’.
a1895 J. W. Darwood MS Coll. Cambr. Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 568/1 There used to be held in the Walsoken Road at Wisbech a fair called the leet. It ceased to be held about 1860.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

leetn.2

Brit. /liːt/, U.S. /lit/
Forms: Middle English–1500s lete, 1500s–1600s leete, Middle English– leet.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman lete or Anglo-Latin leta, of obscure origin; perhaps < Old English lǽþ : see lathe n.1 Prof. Skeat conjectures that it represents an Old English *lǽte connected with lǽtan let v.1 (compare leet n.1), but no evidence of this has been found.
Obsolete exc. Historical.
1.
a. A special kind of court of record which the lords of certain manors were empowered by charter or prescription to hold annually or semi-annually; = court leet n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > feudal courts > other manorial, etc., courts
leet1292
view of frankpledge1495
court leet1588
customary court1628
leet-court1651
honour court1661
knighten court1701
suit court1755
1292 Year Bks. 20 Edw. I (Rolls) 297 E par la reson ke yl ad une lete en tel luy, a la quele presente fut ke Jon deynz la purceynte de sele lete fut resident.
1294 Abbr. Placit. 22 Edw. I Norf. rot. 2. 291 (Du Cange) Et quia predicta transgressio..magis sonat injuria senescalli quam injuria eorum qui fuerunt præsentatores, nec præsentacio in Leta alicujus facta, est fundamentum judicii [etc.].
1303 Year Bks. 31 Edw. I (Rolls) 399 Par la resoun qe presente fut a lour lete de tiel lieu par deceyners qe [etc.].
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 11 Amercyn in a corte or lete, amercio.
1486 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 243 Expenses at ij. Letes at Snaynton.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xx. f. 36v Sutte of court from thre wekes to thre wekes, and to the two great letes.
1538 A. Fitzherbert Loffice Iustyces de Peas f.80v The lorde in his Lete, and the Shyriffe in his Tourne to enq̄re and to haue for euery defaute xx.d.
1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xviii. 66 Leete or law day is not incident to euerie mannor... This Leete is ordinarily kept but twise in the yeare... The Leete or Lawe day is all one [in a manor].
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. B8v In euerie which shire or countie be courts, lawe daies, and leets, as they call them, euery moneth.
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) vi. 52 And in those sheeres there were no manours or Lordships neyther anye Courtes Baron or leetes kept or holden.
a1643 J. Spelman Case of Affaires (1644) 2 Every single man of twelve yeares of age ought by Law in some or other of His Majesties Leetes to swear Alleageance to His Majestie.
1778 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer (ed. 2) at Rumney Marsh Priveleges of leet, lawday, and tourn.
1839 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 2) II. iv. iv. 136 Inferior ones of known jurisdiction..such as a leet or a civil court within a borough.
1854 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (1857) 107 Every Leet shall enquire of all offences against the Statute.
1878 R. W. Dixon Hist. Church Eng. I. iii. 197 In their renewal of this system the Commons seem to make sheriffs in their leets answer for the provincial synod.
b. transferred. Used in plural as transl. of Latin comitia.
ΚΠ
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. xliii. 31 In the grand-leetes and solemne elections of Magistrates.
c. A commission or committee. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > committee
committee1566
leet1665
board1909
1665 J. Buck in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. B. 59 There be certain priviledged Persons and Townsmen appointed for the Paving Leet.
2.
a. The jurisdiction of a court-leet; the district over which this jurisdiction extended, in some cases including only the manor, in other cases a wider area, often that of the hundred.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction of or areas under specific authorities > [noun] > under a court leet
leet1477
1477 W. Pecock in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 421 I trow it to þe lord of þe soylle and not to þe lete, for þe maner holdyth nothyng of hyre.
1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 30 §16 Whiche landis tenementes services and a lete with the appurtenaunces the seid John Vynter purchased.
a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §308 316 All this circuit, now the leet of Womberley, was timbered with tall trees.
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 291 Where a Leet being a more large or greater Jurisdiction hath been granted to a man and his heirs.
1710 Act 8 Anne in London Gaz. No. 4681/3 This Act shall not prejudice the Right of the City of London, or the Lords of any Leet.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. viii. 150 The courts of the tourn and leet were erected.
b. transferred. A district generally. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > [noun] > defined or limited portion of space > a particular extent or region
coastc1320
confinec1400
quarterc1400
region?1537
leet1567
demesne1597
floor1626
area1700
department1832
parallel1887
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) viii. f. 108v For fate forbiddeth famin too abyde within the leete Where plentie is.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
leet-court n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > feudal courts > other manorial, etc., courts
leet1292
view of frankpledge1495
court leet1588
customary court1628
leet-court1651
honour court1661
knighten court1701
suit court1755
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 96 To goe twice a year to the Sheriffs Courts, or Leet Courts.
leet-day n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > year > [noun] > specific days of the year
Candlemas1014
May Day1267
All Souls' Dayc1300
midsummer evena1400
firstc1400
Beltane1424
midsummer eve1426
quarter day1435
Beltane1456
mid-Sundaya1475
madding-day1568
Lord Mayor's day1591
Barnaby bright1595
Lammas-eve1597
All Saints' Night1607
Handsel Monday1635
distaff's day1648
long Barnabya1657
St. Valentine's eve1671
leet-day1690
All Fools' Day1702
Boxing Day1743
April Fool's Day1748
Royal Oak Day1759
box day1765
Oak-apple Day1802
All Souls' Eve1805
mischief night1830
Shick-shack Day1847
chalk-back day1851
call night1864
Nut-Monday1867
Arbor Day1872
April Fool's1873
Labour Day1884
Martinmas Sunday1885
call day1886
Samhain1888
Juneteenth1890
Mother's Day1890
Father's Day1908
Thinking Day1927
Punkie night1931
Tweede Nuwejaar1947
1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 517 Whole court or leet-days.
1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 230 So, all's one lawsuit, all one long leet-day!
leet-jury n.
ΚΠ
1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) I. ii. ii. 25/2 The Leet Jury of the Manour of East Smithfield.
leet-juryman n.
ΚΠ
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 398 20 inquest or leet jurymen.
C2.
leet-ale n. a drinking of ale at the time of the leet.
ΚΠ
1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxv. 129 Leet-ale, in some parts of England, signifies the Dinner at a court-leet of a manor for the jury and customary tenants.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

leetn.3

Brit. /liːt/, U.S. /lit/, Scottish English /lit/
Forms: pre-1700 lait, pre-1700 laitt, pre-1700 leat, pre-1700 leett, pre-1700 leite, pre-1700 leitt, pre-1700 lete, pre-1700 leyt, pre-1700 1700s leit, pre-1700 1700s– leet.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English eleit , elite n.1
Etymology: Aphetic < eleit, variant of elite n.1 (although this is first attested slightly later: see quot. 1592 at elite n.1). Compare lite n.2
Scottish.
1. In plural. The people listed as candidates for an official position. Cf. lite n.2 1b. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1590 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) I. 321 The leytis for electioun of the prouest [of Aberdeen] nocht to be restranit to the name of Menȝes, thair freyndis and allyais.
1656 in J. Irving Hist. Dumbartonshire (1920) II. App. 325 The said deacons..sall give in yearly..the names of six persones of said craft out of the whilk number the said..counsell sall choise thrie to be letes of deaconhead.
2. A list of candidates designated as eligible for an official position, job, prize, etc. Esp. with prepositions, as in leets, on the leet, on a leet, etc. Cf. lite n.2 1a. short leet: a select list of a prescribed number of candidates, which is to be submitted to the elective or appointing body; cf. short list n. long leet: a list of candidates from which a short leet is to be derived by an initial round of voting or selection; cf. longlist n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > [noun] > offering oneself as candidate > one who > eligibility > list of eligible candidates
lite1441
leet1612
1612 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1612/10/69 To present ane Leit to my Lord [of] aucht persones.
c1635 W. Scot Apol. Narration (1846) 15 The Assemblie put in leits the said Mr. Alexander and Mr. Robert Pont..[and] ordained edicts..for the admission of one of them to the superintendentship.
1647 R. Baillie Let. 1 Sept. (1842) III. 20 At last..I gott myself off, and Mr. Robert Dowglass on the leetts [for Moderator].
1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 152 That they would put on the leet five or six of the discreetest of the ministrie, that his Majestie may make choise of two of them to be ministers in his houss.
1764 Memorial United Incorporations Mary's Chapel against Alexander Nicolson 3 On the 16th September 1763, they assembled to make up their Long-leets for these Deacons, and the following Members were voted on the Leet for Deacon of the Masons.
1764 Memorial United Incorporations Mary's Chapel against Alexander Nicolson 4 The Incorporation met on the 17th to choose their Deacon out of the Short-leet.
1884 A. Grant Story Univ. Edinb. II. 279 The Town Council..placed him on a leet of persons eligible for the Principalship.
1986 Glasgow Herald 19 June 10 Four short-leet candidates will be interviewed on Wednesday for the £22,000-a-year post of director of public relations at Strathclyde University.
2006 Scotsman (Nexis) 3 Feb. 46 Headhunters found the candidates and the long leet process involved other council executives.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).

leetn.4

Brit. /liːt/, U.S. /lit/
Etymology: Of uncertain origin: by some referred to Old English (*hlíete) hléteOld Norse hløyti share, portion; the Old English word, however, is recorded only in the sense ‘casting of lots’.
dialect.
A stack of peat, etc. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > turf or peat > a stack or pile
peat stack1501
rickle1565
leet1742
1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman June x. 98 The second [day] we..shake it [sc. the mown grass] into square Leets,..then put it into Bastard-cocks.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. V. 101 Peats are estimated by the leet, which is a solid body piled up like bricks, 24 feet long, and 12 ft. broad at bottom and 12 feet high.
1892 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 475 Carage, carting and leading a leet or stack of peats.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

leetadj.n.5

Brit. /liːt/, U.S. /lit/
Forms: 1900s– leet, 1900s– 133t, 1900s– 1337, 1900s– l33t, 1900s– l337.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: elite n.2
Etymology: Representing the pronunciation of the second syllable of elite n.2 (see quot. 1992 at sense A.). Compare leetspeak n.In forms including numerals, 1 represents the letter l (owing to the visual resemblance of the numeral to the lower-case letter), and 3 and 7 represent the letters E and T respectively (owing to the visual resemblance of these numerals to the upper-case forms of these letters), according to the conventions of leetspeak.
A. adj.
U.S. colloquial. Of a person: skilled at computer programming or hacking. Also as a general term of approval: masterful; ‘awesome’.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > skilled in use
computer-literate1961
computerate1981
computer-friendly1982
leet1995
1992 Gleanings (58) in bit.listserv.words-l (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Sept. C00l and EleEt are the words ‘cool’ and ‘elite’ spelled in the currently preferred style of the 17-year-old self-styled hacker. I was using those spellings to some now-forgotten humorous effect.]
1995 McGill Dialup Softwares in mcgill.general (Usenet newsgroup) 8 Nov. Itz kewl, dude. You should check it out coz itz just for the 'leet windoze userz.
1996 comp.sys.mac.programmer.games (Usenet newsgroup) 11 Jan. (title of posting) leet GAME PROGRAmmers NEEDED!
2001 Austral. & Refugees in alt.games.starcraft (Usenet newsgroup) 1 Sept. Thank you Chas, that was 1337.
2006 C. K. Sample PSP Hacks ii. 89 As for you 1337 hackers who scoff at how basic this hack is, consider it a challenge.
2013 C. Doctorow Homeland 343 If you guys are all so leet and badass, why don't you do this?
B. n.5
An informal language or code used on the internet, characterized by its distinctive vocabulary and by a nonstandard system of spelling in which all or some of the standard letters are replaced by numerals, special characters, or other letters. Cf. leetspeak n.Originally associated with the subculture of computer hackers.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > [noun] > artificial or invented language
artificial language1705
natural language1774
Ziph1834
Volapük1885
Esperanto1892
pig Latin1896
pseudo-language1898
Idiom Neutral1903
auxiliary language1905
Panroman1907
universal1907
Ido1908
Mummerset1915
Interlingua1922
Reformed Neutral1922
occidental1926
interlanguage1927
world auxiliary1927
Novial1928
isotype1936
Interglossa1943
Klingon1985
leetspeak1996
leet2001
2001 Any l33t Experts? in alt.games.half-life.counterstrike (Usenet newsgroup) 5 Mar. l33t is hacker speak, Hackers use that talk to talk without having written evidence.
2009 Canberra Times (Nexis) 21 Feb. a12 Don't be surprised if you find yourself emailing in l33t afterwards.
2015 S. Baldwin Internet Unconscious ii. 32 A common use of leet is for undesirable or illegal communication.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

leetv.

Brit. /liːt/, U.S. /lit/, Scottish English /lit/
Forms: pre-1700 let, pre-1700 1700s leit, pre-1700 1700s leitt, pre-1700 1700s– leet.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: leet n.3
Etymology: < leet n.3 Compare earlier lite v.3, and also elite v.
Scottish.
transitive. To place (a person) on a list of selected candidates; to nominate. Frequently in passive. Cf. lite v.3
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > propose as candidate > place on list
lite1574
leet1612
1612 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1612/10/69 To leit and present twa persounes with the auld thesaurar to the thesaurarie of the said cietie.
1643 Kirk-session Bk. Carnock in J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) p. xxi Thair wer six persones leitit to be sent to the King that he myght chuse ane of them for that kirk.
1647 R. Baillie Let. 1 Sept. (1842) III. 20 Mr. David Calderwood..hes pressed soe a new way of leetting the moderator for time to come, that [etc.].
1700 G. Lockhart Representation to James Duke of Queensberry (single page) The said Provost, and Bailies, are Leited and Elected, and the Council Chosen by the Council of the Preceeding Year.
1867 H. Scott Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae II. 403 John Weemse, A.M., trans. from Hutton, when he was leeted for vacancies in Edinburgh 23d Dec.
2017 P. Goatman in M. Kerr-Peterson & S. J. Reid James VI & Noble Power in Scotl. 1778–1603 iv. 89 During this time, 28 men were leeted for the baillieships, but only 12 of these were appointed to office.

Derivatives

ˈleeted adj.
ΚΠ
1792 Spalding's Hist. Troubles Scotl. (new ed.) I. 314 They referred thir leeted [c1650 (1850) listed] men with eiking, paring, or changing, to the next provincial assembly.
1994 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 7 June 2 It is also common practice for leeted candidates to be invited to visit the school in advance and members of selection panels are given training to equip them for their important role in the process.
ˈleeting n.
ΚΠ
1612 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1612/10/69 To haue the fre leitting and electioun of thair said provest, deane of gild, baillies and thesaurar.
1700 G. Lockhart Representation to James Duke of Queensberry (single page) There has Creept in an Error in the practice of Elections, whereby the Merchants and Trades Halls are excluded both from Leiting and Electing of the Provost or the Bailies, or Choising the Council.
2009 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 27 Feb. 3 Legislation requires parental consultation on the person specification and involvement in leeting as well as representation on interviewing panels.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021).
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