legitimationn.

Brit.

/lᵻˌdʒɪtᵻˈmeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ləˌdʒɪdəˈmeɪʃən/

Forms: late Middle English legittimacion, 1500s legittimation, 1500s legytymacyon, 1500s– legitimation; also Scottish pre-1700 legitimacion, pre-1700 legitimacioun, pre-1700 legitimatioun, pre-1700 legittimatione, pre-1700 legittimatioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French legitimation; Latin legitimation-, legitimatio.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman legitimacioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French legitimacion, legitimation, Middle French legittimacion (French légitimation ) action or process of authoritatively declaring (a person) to have been born in wedlock or lawfully begotten (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman, late 14th cent. in continental French), action of making something lawful (1340), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin legitimation-, legitimatio action or process of legitimizing, legitimacy (from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < legitimat- , past participial stem of legitimare legitimate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan legitimació (15th cent.), Spanish legitimación (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese legitimação (15th cent.), Italian legittimazione (14th cent.).In sense 5b originally after German Legitimation document of authorization (1690), (specifically) document confirming a person's identity (1751; 16th cent. in sense ‘action or process of authoritatively declaring (a person) to have been born in wedlock or lawfully begotten’).

1. The action or process of rendering or authoritatively declaring a person to be entitled to full filial rights or to have been born to parents lawfully married to each other.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [noun] > legitimation or legalization > specifically of a person

legitimationa1464

post-legitimation1780

legitimization1793

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > legitimacy > process of rendering legitimate

legitimationa1464

post-legitimation1780

legitimization1793

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 206 Þe duke of Lancastir purchased a legittimacion for þe childyrn þat he had begotin of Dame Katerine Swynforth.

1543 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 188 The lettres of legitimatioun maid to the said Robert.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1723/2 Cranmer..alledging many reasons..for the legittimation [1587 legitimation] of both the Kings sisters.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. v. 53 By such legitimation they are discharged of all those dishonours which in former time they were subiect vnto.

a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1704) iii. xxvi. 342 The intricacys of his Marriages, and the legitimation of his Children were settled by the same Power.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 110 Legitimation or the Tryal of Bastardy.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 31 I talked of legitimation by subsequent marriage, which obtained in the Roman law, and still obtains in the law of Scotland.

a1832 A. Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 843/1 Nor can his agnates succeed to him [sc. a bastard], unless he has obtained letters of legitimation from the king.

1887 Law Rep. 12 568 The Code Rohan does not prescribe the mode of procedure with a view to the legitimation of children born illegitimate.

1920 J. H. Deering Calif. Current Digest 326/2 To establish the legitimation of an illegitimate child by a father acknowledging and receiving the child into his family.

1996 K. E. Gager Blood Ties & Fictive Ties iii. 100 Royal letters of legitimation, which granted illegitimate children rights of succession.

†a. The condition of being legitimate; legitimacy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > legitimacy

legitimation1535

mulierty1628

legitimacy1641

naturalness1656

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 392 The quhilk wedding wes lauchfull probatioun Of his barnis legitimatioun.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 248 I haue disclaim'd Sir Robert and my land, Legitimation, name, and all is gone.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 77 His infancie and doubt of legitimation, secluding him a while, from enioying any Soueraigntie.

1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 50 That Son giveth cause of suspition of his Legitimation who will not mourn at his Mothers death.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 137 Mr. Bayes having gone so many months, more than the Civil Law allows for the utmost term of legitimation.

1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. xi. 158 From whence also will arise many questions of Legitimation, and what in nature is the difference betwixt a Wife and a Concubine.

b. Of a literary work: the fact that it is the work of its reputed author; authenticity, genuineness. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [noun] > authenticity > in origin or authorship

authenticalness1632

legitimation1635

sincerity1678

genuineness1699

authenticity1720

1635 E. Bagshaw in R. Bolton Two Serm. To Rdr. sig. A2^v These Sermons are truely his owne... There are hundreds of people..who..can with me sufficiently attestate their legitimation.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. xi We are yet beholding to him for asserting the truth, and legitimation of these seven Epistles of our Martyr.

1670 I. Walton Life R. Hooker 122 in Lives In this relation concerning these three doubtful Books of Mr. Hookers..I leave my Reader to give sentence, for their legitimation.

1884 D. Hunter tr. E. Reuss Hist. Canon x. 167 The legitimation refused to this book [sc. the Apocalypse] is therefore not the authenticity in the literary sense of the word.

1989 Notes & Queries June 239/1 Murray's keenness to detect ever more subtle strategies of legitimation within the textual design of the Jonson Folio, somewhat overstrains the significance of his observations.

†3. The action of giving a lawful character to something forbidden by law; a dispensation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > [noun] > cessation or suspension > in a particular case

legitimationc1540

non obstante1604

dispensation1607

c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 427 He robbeth all nations With his fulminations..Legittimations.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 219 A Dispensation is..in our Books sometimes stiled a Legitimation.

†4. The action of naturalizing (an alien). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > national of a country > [noun] > naturalization

naturalization1558

legitimation1579

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Cj^v The most large and most benificiall Legitimation made to any alien.

a1674 J. Vaughan Rep. & Arguments (1677) 273 Natural legitimation respecteth actual Obedience to the Soveraign at the time of the birth, for the Antenati remain Aliens, because they were born when there were several Kings of the several Kingdoms... As Sir Edward Coke saith.

1849 Mrs. G. Horrocks tr. J. G. Seume in tr. W. Menzel Hist. Germany III. 117 Foreigners of every sort were seized, thrown into prison, and sold. My academical inscription, the only proof of my legitimation [Ger. Legitimisrung], was torn to pieces.

1869 W. Guthrie tr. W. Schaeffner in tr. F. K. von Savigny Private Internat. Law 259 The lex rei sitæ, in principle, does not affect in any degree the status of foreigners... That effect is given..to the due and effectual legitimation [Ger. Legitimation] of a foreigner, by rescript.

1928 Migration Laws & Treaties (Internat. Labour Office Stud. & Rep. Ser. O (Migration) No. 3) II. App. 456 List of Legislative Texts Mecklenburg-Strelitz... Instruction relating to the legitimation of alien workers. Dated 23 January 1926.

a. The action of making or declaring something lawful or legitimate; authorization; justification; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [noun] > legitimation or legalization

authorization1472

authorizementc1475

legitimating1606

legitimation1660

legalization1704

legitimatization1831

decriminalization1945

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes

placard1482

warranta1513

placket1571

placate1572

licence1598

permission1607

purwanah1619

permit1649

furlougha1658

legitimation1660

chitty1698

chop1699

cedula1724

ticket of leave1732

chit1757

stiff1892

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. i. v A direct uncharitableness..which can receive no warrant or legitimation by the intention of the propounder.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 193 The judicious and mature Legitimation of tipling Houses.

1778 G. Wilson Hale's Historia Placitorum Coronæ I. xvii. 196 The legitimation of coin in England.

1799 Carlton Ho. Mag. 293 The legitimation of Money, and the giving it its denominated value, is one especial part of a King's prerogative.

1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. i. 27 Herein is the legitimation of criticism, in the mind's faith, that the poems are a corrupt version of some text in nature.

1860 Dial Jan. 11 The Dial stands before you, reader, a legitimation of the Spirit of the Age, which aspires to be free.

1885 G. Drage tr. Criminal Code German Empire xxix. 298 Any one who..falsely prepares or forges passes, military discharges.., or other such papers of legitimation.., shall be punished.

1893 Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 13 318 As to my legitimation I only have to add that for a good many years I have had unusual opportunities of seeing the results.

1939 M. Lerner Ideas are Weapons iv. vi. 479 This flung the gates open for a legitimation of the claims of the capitalist class as rapidly as they were acquired.

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 28/4 He desperately needed legitimation for his self-centredness.

1990 R. Hodge Lit. as Disc. v. 118 Arnold's programmatic claims on behalf of literature proved a very powerful basis for the legitimation of English in the curriculum.

2012 Church Times 25 May 24/4 The emergent sacralisation of childhood throws fresh light on the cultural legitimation and de-legitimation of abusive behaviour.

b. A document of authorization; a document confirming one's identity.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc

card1749

papers1796

legitimation1870

dog tag1882

identity papers1889

identity certificate1891

identification tag1893

identity card1900

identification1906

identity disc1907

identification disc1914

disca1918

meat ticket1919

warrant card1920

carte d'identité1923

ID1937

ID card1937

reference book1952

1870 Daily News 1 Dec. Persons going about their lawful business, and fortified by adequate legitimations.

1871 E. Legge Killed at Saarbruck xv. 102 I was arrested by a Prussian soldier, who..obstructed my progress. I showed him my ‘Legitimation’, but he either could not or would not comprehend its meaning.

1911 E. Legge Comedy & Trag. Second Empire xiii. 207 I ran up to a mounted officer, showed him my ‘legitimation’, and had the satisfaction of hearing him shout to the man at the gate to ‘let me in’.

1920 Soviet Russia 4 Sept. 232/2 I..only later showed my legitimation—and then received, in addition to another, a special permit from Lenin.

1986 D. Smith Wallenberg xiv. 146 R.W. showed his legitimation and asked to be brought to the chief commandant.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	legitimation
释义	legitimationn. Brit. /lᵻˌdʒɪtᵻˈmeɪʃn/, U.S. /ləˌdʒɪdəˈmeɪʃən/ Forms: late Middle English legittimacion, 1500s legittimation, 1500s legytymacyon, 1500s– legitimation; also Scottish pre-1700 legitimacion, pre-1700 legitimacioun, pre-1700 legitimatioun, pre-1700 legittimatione, pre-1700 legittimatioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French legitimation; Latin legitimation-, legitimatio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman legitimacioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French legitimacion, legitimation, Middle French legittimacion (French légitimation ) action or process of authoritatively declaring (a person) to have been born in wedlock or lawfully begotten (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman, late 14th cent. in continental French), action of making something lawful (1340), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin legitimation-, legitimatio action or process of legitimizing, legitimacy (from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < legitimat- , past participial stem of legitimare legitimate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan legitimació (15th cent.), Spanish legitimación (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese legitimação (15th cent.), Italian legittimazione (14th cent.).In sense 5b originally after German Legitimation document of authorization (1690), (specifically) document confirming a person's identity (1751; 16th cent. in sense ‘action or process of authoritatively declaring (a person) to have been born in wedlock or lawfully begotten’). 1. The action or process of rendering or authoritatively declaring a person to be entitled to full filial rights or to have been born to parents lawfully married to each other. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [noun] > legitimation or legalization > specifically of a person legitimationa1464 post-legitimation1780 legitimization1793 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > legitimacy > process of rendering legitimate legitimationa1464 post-legitimation1780 legitimization1793 a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 206 Þe duke of Lancastir purchased a legittimacion for þe childyrn þat he had begotin of Dame Katerine Swynforth. 1543 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 188 The lettres of legitimatioun maid to the said Robert. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1723/2 Cranmer..alledging many reasons..for the legittimation [1587 legitimation] of both the Kings sisters. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. v. 53 By such legitimation they are discharged of all those dishonours which in former time they were subiect vnto. a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1704) iii. xxvi. 342 The intricacys of his Marriages, and the legitimation of his Children were settled by the same Power. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 110 Legitimation or the Tryal of Bastardy. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 31 I talked of legitimation by subsequent marriage, which obtained in the Roman law, and still obtains in the law of Scotland. a1832 A. Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 843/1 Nor can his agnates succeed to him [sc. a bastard], unless he has obtained letters of legitimation from the king. 1887 Law Rep. 12 568 The Code Rohan does not prescribe the mode of procedure with a view to the legitimation of children born illegitimate. 1920 J. H. Deering Calif. Current Digest 326/2 To establish the legitimation of an illegitimate child by a father acknowledging and receiving the child into his family. 1996 K. E. Gager Blood Ties & Fictive Ties iii. 100 Royal letters of legitimation, which granted illegitimate children rights of succession. 2. †a. The condition of being legitimate; legitimacy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > legitimacy legitimation1535 mulierty1628 legitimacy1641 naturalness1656 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 392 The quhilk wedding wes lauchfull probatioun Of his barnis legitimatioun. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 248 I haue disclaim'd Sir Robert and my land, Legitimation, name, and all is gone. View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 77 His infancie and doubt of legitimation, secluding him a while, from enioying any Soueraigntie. 1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 50 That Son giveth cause of suspition of his Legitimation who will not mourn at his Mothers death. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 137 Mr. Bayes having gone so many months, more than the Civil Law allows for the utmost term of legitimation. 1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. xi. 158 From whence also will arise many questions of Legitimation, and what in nature is the difference betwixt a Wife and a Concubine. b. Of a literary work: the fact that it is the work of its reputed author; authenticity, genuineness. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [noun] > authenticity > in origin or authorship authenticalness1632 legitimation1635 sincerity1678 genuineness1699 authenticity1720 1635 E. Bagshaw in R. Bolton Two Serm. To Rdr. sig. A2^v These Sermons are truely his owne... There are hundreds of people..who..can with me sufficiently attestate their legitimation. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. xi We are yet beholding to him for asserting the truth, and legitimation of these seven Epistles of our Martyr. 1670 I. Walton Life R. Hooker 122 in Lives In this relation concerning these three doubtful Books of Mr. Hookers..I leave my Reader to give sentence, for their legitimation. 1884 D. Hunter tr. E. Reuss Hist. Canon x. 167 The legitimation refused to this book [sc. the Apocalypse] is therefore not the authenticity in the literary sense of the word. 1989 Notes & Queries June 239/1 Murray's keenness to detect ever more subtle strategies of legitimation within the textual design of the Jonson Folio, somewhat overstrains the significance of his observations. †3. The action of giving a lawful character to something forbidden by law; a dispensation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > [noun] > cessation or suspension > in a particular case legitimationc1540 non obstante1604 dispensation1607 c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 427 He robbeth all nations With his fulminations..Legittimations. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 219 A Dispensation is..in our Books sometimes stiled a Legitimation. †4. The action of naturalizing (an alien). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > national of a country > [noun] > naturalization naturalization1558 legitimation1579 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Cj^v The most large and most benificiall Legitimation made to any alien. a1674 J. Vaughan Rep. & Arguments (1677) 273 Natural legitimation respecteth actual Obedience to the Soveraign at the time of the birth, for the Antenati remain Aliens, because they were born when there were several Kings of the several Kingdoms... As Sir Edward Coke saith. 1849 Mrs. G. Horrocks tr. J. G. Seume in tr. W. Menzel Hist. Germany III. 117 Foreigners of every sort were seized, thrown into prison, and sold. My academical inscription, the only proof of my legitimation [Ger. Legitimisrung], was torn to pieces. 1869 W. Guthrie tr. W. Schaeffner in tr. F. K. von Savigny Private Internat. Law 259 The lex rei sitæ, in principle, does not affect in any degree the status of foreigners... That effect is given..to the due and effectual legitimation [Ger. Legitimation] of a foreigner, by rescript. 1928 Migration Laws & Treaties (Internat. Labour Office Stud. & Rep. Ser. O (Migration) No. 3) II. App. 456 List of Legislative Texts Mecklenburg-Strelitz... Instruction relating to the legitimation of alien workers. Dated 23 January 1926. 5. a. The action of making or declaring something lawful or legitimate; authorization; justification; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [noun] > legitimation or legalization authorization1472 authorizementc1475 legitimating1606 legitimation1660 legalization1704 legitimatization1831 decriminalization1945 society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes placard1482 warranta1513 placket1571 placate1572 licence1598 permission1607 purwanah1619 permit1649 furlougha1658 legitimation1660 chitty1698 chop1699 cedula1724 ticket of leave1732 chit1757 stiff1892 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. i. v A direct uncharitableness..which can receive no warrant or legitimation by the intention of the propounder. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 193 The judicious and mature Legitimation of tipling Houses. 1778 G. Wilson Hale's Historia Placitorum Coronæ I. xvii. 196 The legitimation of coin in England. 1799 Carlton Ho. Mag. 293 The legitimation of Money, and the giving it its denominated value, is one especial part of a King's prerogative. 1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. i. 27 Herein is the legitimation of criticism, in the mind's faith, that the poems are a corrupt version of some text in nature. 1860 Dial Jan. 11 The Dial stands before you, reader, a legitimation of the Spirit of the Age, which aspires to be free. 1885 G. Drage tr. Criminal Code German Empire xxix. 298 Any one who..falsely prepares or forges passes, military discharges.., or other such papers of legitimation.., shall be punished. 1893 Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 13 318 As to my legitimation I only have to add that for a good many years I have had unusual opportunities of seeing the results. 1939 M. Lerner Ideas are Weapons iv. vi. 479 This flung the gates open for a legitimation of the claims of the capitalist class as rapidly as they were acquired. 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 28/4 He desperately needed legitimation for his self-centredness. 1990 R. Hodge Lit. as Disc. v. 118 Arnold's programmatic claims on behalf of literature proved a very powerful basis for the legitimation of English in the curriculum. 2012 Church Times 25 May 24/4 The emergent sacralisation of childhood throws fresh light on the cultural legitimation and de-legitimation of abusive behaviour. b. A document of authorization; a document confirming one's identity. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > paper or disc card1749 papers1796 legitimation1870 dog tag1882 identity papers1889 identity certificate1891 identification tag1893 identity card1900 identification1906 identity disc1907 identification disc1914 disca1918 meat ticket1919 warrant card1920 carte d'identité1923 ID1937 ID card1937 reference book1952 1870 Daily News 1 Dec. Persons going about their lawful business, and fortified by adequate legitimations. 1871 E. Legge Killed at Saarbruck xv. 102 I was arrested by a Prussian soldier, who..obstructed my progress. I showed him my ‘Legitimation’, but he either could not or would not comprehend its meaning. 1911 E. Legge Comedy & Trag. Second Empire xiii. 207 I ran up to a mounted officer, showed him my ‘legitimation’, and had the satisfaction of hearing him shout to the man at the gate to ‘let me in’. 1920 Soviet Russia 4 Sept. 232/2 I..only later showed my legitimation—and then received, in addition to another, a special permit from Lenin. 1986 D. Smith Wallenberg xiv. 146 R.W. showed his legitimation and asked to be brought to the chief commandant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1464
随便看	to set a hatch before the door to set a little price, rate, store upon to set a match in to set a match to to set a match under to set a nonplus on to set a on broach to set a period to to set a person against to set a person apart from the crowd to set a person at light to set a person back on her heels to set a person back on his heels to set a person by the heels to set a person cock-a-hoop to set a person cockahoop to set a person forth to set a person light to set a person on to set a person on etc legs to set a person on her legs to set a person on her mettle to set a person on his etc feet to set a person on his feet to set a person on his her feet