† lendn.1
Obsolete.
a. Chiefly plural. The loins; also, the buttocks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > side > [noun] > loin or flank
lendc975
flankOE
liskc1175
reinsa1382
leerc1386
loin1398
fillet?a1400
swange?a1400
luddocka1475
lunyie?a1513
lumb?1541
iliums1583
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]
flitcha700
arse-endseOE
culec1220
buttockc1300
tail1303
toutec1305
nagea1325
fundamentc1325
tail-end1377
brawna1382
buma1387
bewschers?a1400
crouponc1400
rumplec1430
lendc1440
nachec1440
luddocka1475
rearwarda1475
croupc1475
rumpc1475
dock1508
hurdies1535
bunc1538
sitting place1545
bottom?c1550
prat1567
nates1581
backside1593
crupper1594
posteriorums1596
catastrophe1600
podex1601
posterior1605
seat1607
poop1611
stern1631
cheek1639
breeka1642
doup1653
bumkin1658
bumfiddle1661
assa1672
butt1675
quarter1678
foundation1681
toby1681
bung1691
rear1716
fud1722
moon1756
derrière1774
rass1790
stern-post1810
sit-down1812
hinderland1817
hinderling1817
nancy1819
ultimatum1823
behinda1830
duff?1837
botty1842
rear end1851
latter end1852
hinder?1857
sit1862
sit-me-down1866
stern-works1879
tuchus1886
jacksy-pardy1891
sit-upon1910
can1913
truck-end1913
sitzfleisch1916
B.T.M.1919
fanny1919
bot1922
heinie1922
beam1929
yas yas1929
keister1931
batty1935
bim1935
arse-end1937
twat1937
okole1938
bahookie1939
bohunkus1941
quoit1941
patoot1942
rusty-dusty1942
dinger1943
jacksie1943
zatch1950
ding1957
booty1959
patootie1959
buns1960
wazoo1961
tush1962
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iii. 4 [Iohannes] hæfde hrægl of olbendena herum & fellen gyrdels ymb his lendu [Ags. Gosp. lendenu, Hatton lændene].
a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 292/13 Lumbos, lændenu.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4776 & cnes. & fet. & shannkess. & lende. & lesske.
a1300 Christ on Cross 9 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 20 His lendin so hangiþ as cold as marbre stone.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22074 Right sua þe deuil sal descend, In anticrist moder lend.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 139 His lyndes & his lymes so longe & so grete.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 51 A barmclooth Vp on hir lendes, ful of many a goore.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xxxii. 126 Gurdiþe youre lendys in chastite.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. ii. 90 And with thar holl luyffis gan thame cheir, Did clap and straik thare leyndis to mak thame stere.
1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 201 Lat him lay sax leichis on thy lendis.
1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 263 He lap quhill he lay on his lendis.
b. attributive, as lend-bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > pelvis > [noun] > hip bone > innominate bone > ilium
lend-bonec1000
side bone1565
flank-bone1668
ilium1706
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 159/23 Sacra spina, lendenban neoþeweard.
c1220 Bestiary 360 Oc leiȝeð his skinbon on oðres lendbon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
lendn.2
/lɛnd/, U.S. /lɛnd/, Scottish English /lɛnd/, Australian English /lend/, New Zealand English /lend/ Scottish and northern dialect. Also Australian and New Zealand colloquial.
A loan.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > lending > [noun] > (a) loan
loanc1290
commodatum1572
lendc1575
mutuation1604
commodate1728
service1810
accommodation1823
rub1902
c1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 197 (margin) Quhat is ane lenne, and of the restitutioun thairof.
1594 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 70/2 Quha euir committis vsurie..(That is to say) takis mair proffite for the len [1597 leane] of money.
a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. A3v A borrowed len should come laughing hame.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 47 Debt may be aweand, be borrowing and lenning, or be buying and selling; or be reason of ane lenne.
1749 J. Steuart Let. 29 Dec. in Let.-bk. (1915) 464 I..sent him inclosed a letter..in which I desire the lend of 20£ sterlin for 18 months.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxix, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 776 Do ye think Mr. Aumrose could gie me the lend o' a nichtcap?
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Len, the loan. ‘I thank you for t' len on 't’.
1946 F. Sargeson That Summer 77 Could you give me the lend of a bob?
1965 Listener 2 Sept. 339/1 Thanks for the lend of your earhole, mate.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† lendv.1
Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. To arrive, come. Also reflexive.Sometimes conjugated with the verb to be.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]
to come toOE
comeOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
overtakec1225
redea1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to get through1589
reach1591
to be along1597
land1679
engage1686
to get in1863
to breeze in1930
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive
comeOE
to come to townOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
to come anovenonc1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
rede?a1400
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to be along1597
to drop in1609
to come ona1635
to walk in1656
land1679
engage1686
to come along1734
to get in1863
to turn up1870
to fall in1900
to lob1916
to roll up1920
to breeze in1930
to rock up1975
11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1036 Man hine lædde to Elig byrig swa gebundenne, sona swa he lende, on scype man hine blende.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2141 Swa þatt he [sc. þe steoressmann] muȝhe lendenn rihht. To lande wiþþ hiss wille.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1868 Þe schipp on land bigan to lend.
13.. Sir Beues 4277 (MS. A.) Þai lende ouer þe se beliue, At Souþhamtoun þai gonne vp riue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22053 An angel..i sagh lendand Wit a mikel cheigne in hand.
a1400 Octouian 615 The seuende day har schyp lente At Japhet.
a1400–50 Alexander 573 Than lendis him vp þe leue kyng his lady to vysite.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 201 Of what londe art þou lent.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4488 To morne or none to þe leendys Fyue hundreth' of þi best frendys.
15.. Geste Rob. Hode vii. xlii Now shalte thou se what lyfe we lede, Or thou hens wende, Than thou may enfourme our kynge, When ye togyder lende.
b. To go, depart.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]
to come awayeOE
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
awayOE
dealc1000
goOE
awendOE
rimeOE
to go one's wayOE
flitc1175
depart?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
to turn awaya1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
recede1450
roomc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
avaunt1549
trudge1562
vade?1570
discoast1571
leave1593
wag1594
to go off1600
troop1600
hence1614
to set on one's foota1616
to pull up one's stumps1647
quit1811
to clear out1816
slope1830
to walk one's chalks1835
shove1844
to roll out1850
to pull out1855
to light out1859
to take a run-out powder1909
to push off (also along)1923
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go or move away specifically of things
forgoc950
worthOE
atgoc1175
alithec1275
withdraw1297
lenda1350
withgoa1400
to go farewellc1400
voidc1400
startc1405
overdrawa1450
recedec1450
sinkc1450
remove1481
regress1552
to-gang1596
elongate1646
abscede1650
discede1650
to take a walk1871
a13502 [see sense 2].
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 709 Þei lenden of þe toun and leuen hit þere.
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 207 A child cominge þorw his come was nout seene, Siþen lenges a while and a-ȝein lendes.
c1430 Hymns Virg. 105 Lete fleischeli knowynge from þee be lent.
2. To light (up)on. literal and figurative.This would seem to be the original meaning and in the common Middle English alliterative phrase love is lent, but the verb may have been subsequently otherwise interpreted as = lean v.1, to incline; in some contexts it was perhaps associated with next vb.: cf. lend v.2 2a (quot. c1430).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)]
seeOE
fanda1000
finda1200
kenc1330
lenda1350
agropea1393
contrive1393
to find outc1405
outsearch?a1439
ripec1440
inventc1475
disclose?a1500
fish1531
agnize?1570
discover1585
to grope out1590
out-find1590
expiscate1598
vent1611
to learn out1629
to get to know1643
develop1653
ascertain1794
stag1796
root1866
to get a line on1903
establish1919
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 33 Leuedi, al for þine sake longinge is ylent me on.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 33 From alle wymmen mi loue is lent, ant lyht on Alysoun.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10776 A duu þat was fra heuen send þare lighted dun, and þar-on lend.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4214 Al mi luue on him was lend.
c1400 Melayne 1044 Thynk appon Marie brighte, To whayme oure lufe es lentt.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 29322 Þe elleuynd poynt [of cursing] opon þam lendes, þat witandly with-haldes tendes.
c1430 Hymns Virg. 28 Longinge is in me so lent.
c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 404 The kynges love on her was lent.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxv. 324 Sich light can on vs leynd In paradyse full playn.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 Gif his lust so be lent in to my lyre quhit.
3.
a. To tarry, remain, stay; to dwell, abide.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)]
wonc725
erdec893
siteOE
liveeOE
to make one's woningc960
through-wonOE
bigc1175
walkc1225
inwonea1300
lenda1300
lenga1300
lingera1300
erthec1300
stallc1315
lasta1325
lodge1362
habit?a1366
breeda1375
inhabitc1374
indwella1382
to have one's mansionc1385
to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400
keepc1400
repairc1400
to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405
to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425
winc1425
to make (one's) residence1433
resort1453
abidec1475
use1488
remaina1500
demur1523
to keep one's house1523
occupy1523
reside1523
enerdc1540
kennel1552
bower1596
to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597
subsist1618
mansiona1638
tenant1650
fastena1657
hospitate1681
wont1692
stay1754
to hang out1811
home1832
habitate1866
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (reflexive)]
lenda1300
nesta1400
lodgec1400
inhabit1413
repair1509
settle1551
stay1558
plant1560
seat1603
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2966 He dred þe folk was ful o pride, Quils he war lendand þam biside.
c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 1039 A ! sone, here may y no longer lende.
1352 L. Minot Poems vii. 36 Thai lended thare bot litill while, Til Franchemen to grante thaire grace.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 729 On englisch marche sall' þou lende.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 747 And quhill him likit yar to leynd Euerilk day yai suld him seynd Wittalis for iij C. men.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 102 Thus long where haue ye lent?
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. x. 9 Quhatsumevir in the braid lochis weir, Or amang buskis harsk leyndis ondir the spray.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 200 That we ressaue him alway for oure freind, At oure plesour in oure landis to leind.
b. Conjugated with the verb to be. to be lent = sense 3 lent (past participle) = remaining, abiding, dwelling.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [adjective]
residentc1384
indwelling14..
lentc1400
resiant1433
mansionary1447
inhabitant1526
commorantc1534
demurrant1544
ledger1577
couchant1602
inhabitinga1617
residentiary1640
residenting1650
habitant1856
the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > remaining as opposed to going
lentc1400
undeparting1581
unretreating1791
staying1852
stay-put1962
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1319 Þe lorde of þe londe is lent on his gamneȝ.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1084 Aungelles..Aboutte my lady was lent, quen ho delyuer were.
a1440 Sir Eglam. 87 Evyr syth thou were a chylde Thou haste byn lente wyth me.
c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 229 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 379 With me is lent a ȝung man, callit to nam clement.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxx. sig. l.i Theyr company and mynysters, that were there lent.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 14 Langour lent is in land, all lychtnes is lost.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13857 He fraynit..In what lond he was lent.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 591 Thair was na leid on lyfe lent in this land.
c. reflexive. To make one's abode, settle. rare.
ΚΠ
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2479 Abram lendid him o-nan Biside þe folk of chanaan.
4. causal. To cause to come; to bring, place.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > cause to come or go to
lenda1200
carry1874
a1200 Moral Ode 122 God ȝeue þet vre ende bo god and wite þet he vs lende [ Egerton MS. lende, later copy lenne].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 996 Neh him he heom lænde [c1300 Otho lende].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
lendv.2
/lɛnd/, U.S. /lɛnd/ 1. † c. With cognate obj. (loan). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To grant the temporary possession of (a thing) on condition or in expectation of the return of the same or its equivalent. Also with second (dative) object of the person; hence rarely in indirect passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > lending > lend [verb (intransitive)]
lendc1000
loanc1200
lenda1240
to do, give, lend borrowingc1380
the mind > possession > giving > lending > lend [verb (transitive)]
lendc1000
loanc1200
to lend out (or forth)1549
commodate?1679
α.
β. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 135 Fifty þousand marcs had he lent abbeis Þat wer in pouerte.1467–8 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 304 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Women that borowid or lendid any manere of goodes.1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xxv. sig. Fiij/1 Riches & worshippes ben but lente, to man, for a tyme. to yelde rekeninge of hem how they ben spended.1574 J. Baret Aluearie L 275 To lende one his house to solemnise a mariage in.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 77 Is he a Lambe? his Skinne is surely lent him, For hee's enclin'd as is the rauenous Wolues.1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 95 This minnow I will..if you like it, lend it you, to have two or three made by it.1718 A. Pope Corr. 1 Sept. (1956) I. 494 I have past part of this Summer at an old romantic Seat of my Lord Harcourt's which he lent me.1785 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 3 Feb. I have very lately been lent a volume of poems.1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ii. 243 Lend it me for a moment.1893 Sir J. W. Chitty in Law Times Rep. 68 429/1 The lease..had been lent..to the plaintiff..for perusal.c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxiv. 135 Læne me ða boc to rædenne.
c1200 [see sense 1dα. ]. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 183 Þe ancre þe warnde an oðer an quaer to leanen.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 25178 For to bi-ȝeten þin rihtes ich leane þe ten þousend cnihtes.
a1300 Sarmun in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 3 Þoȝ man hit [i.e. wealth] hab, hit nis noȝt his: hit nis ilend him bot alone fort to libbe is lif.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 153 Lene þou me þre loves.
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 473 Leene me a marc quod he, but dayes three And at my day I wol it quiten thee.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15197 Þat he yow wald len sum place, To mak vr mangeri.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 737 I sal lene the her mi ring, Bot yelde it me at myne askyng.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. ix I wold praye yow to lene me a shelde that were not openly knowen, for myn is wel knowen.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxiv. 481 So the kynge lende or gaue him, I cannat tell wheder, a lx. thousande frankes.
1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Praesto,..to len.
1608 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 213 That neyther the Clarke nor Sacriston shall lenn or carrie forthe of the churche any ledders.
c1630 P. Young in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 144 Desire his Worship to leane me Marianus his Chronicon..for the tyme he is in the countrie.
b. spec. To grant the possession and use of (money) for a fixed charge; to let out at interest.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > grant or allow to have
lenda900
unneeOE
titheeOE
i-unneeOE
reachOE
aleneOE
yatea1122
yielda1225
grant1297
vouchsafe1303
agrauntea1400
octroy1480
vouchsafe1587
beteem1600
stretch1711
accordc1820
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest
lenda900
ockera1382
to set out1533
to lend out (or forth)1549
bank1567
to put forth1572
leta1605
to let outa1616
usure1620
fenerate1623
loan1740
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend (a person) money
lendc1440
imprest1612
loan1785
α.
β. a1300 Cursor Mundi 28404 Agains will i lent my thing, And quilum tok þar-for okeryng.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 296/1 Leendyn, presto, fenero.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 127 You calld me dogge: and for these curtesies Ile lend you thus much moneyes. View more context for this quotation1608 T. Middleton Your Fiue Gallants sig. A2 Lent the fift day of September to mistresse Onset vpon her gowne..three pound fifteene shillings.1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xxv. 37 Thou shalt not..lend him thy victuals for increase.1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) ii. sig. 14 What I spent, the Miser lended.1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iv. 426 The stock which is lent at interest is always considered as a capital by the lender. View more context for this quotation1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 371 All bonds, contracts, and assurances whatsoever, for payment of any principal money to be lent.a900 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 74/34 Fenerator, lenð.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14033 It was a man quilum was wont Penis for to lene vm-stunt.
c1440 York Myst. xxxii. 354 If it ware youre lekyng, my lorde, for to lene it, xxx pens I wolde ȝe lente on-to me.
a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1293 Hast þou I-land any thynge To haue the more wynnynge?
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 36 Neuertheles leneth he The pound for thre halfpens.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxi. sig. y.vi v I lene the an hondreth crownes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > lending > lend [verb (intransitive)]
lendc1000
loanc1200
lenda1240
to do, give, lend borrowingc1380
a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 257 Se riche lane..þat he haueð ileanet him.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7506 I had na help bot me allan, And drightin þat me lent his lan.
d. absol. or intransitive. To make a loan or loans.
ΚΠ
α.
β. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xii. 36 The Lord ȝaf grace to the puple bifor Egipcians, that the Egipcians lenten to hem.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxi. 5 Wel is him that is mercifull, & lendeth gladly.1574 J. Baret Aluearie L 276 To lend vpon a bill or an obligacion.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets iv. sig. Bv Natures bequest giues nothing but doth lend, And being franck she lends to those are free. View more context for this quotation1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xix. 17 Hee that hath pity vpon the poore, lendeth vnto the Lord. View more context for this quotation1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 245 Let there be Certaine Persons licensed to Lend, to knowne Merchants, vpon Vsury at a Higher Rate.c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 34 Gyf ge lænaþ þam þe ge eft æt onfoð hwylc þanc is eow?
c1200 Vices & Virtues 11 Ðat we sculen bliðeliche ȝiuen and leanen..alle ðe..us for his luue besecheð of ðan ilche gode ðe he us hafð ilænd.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxvi. 27 All day he has mercy & lennys.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 186 That is she that for usure Leneth to many a creature.
1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) viii. sig. Biijv/1 They ben soo harde, that neyther thei wyll yeue ne lene.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 61 And with thi nichtbour glaidlie len and borow.
1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxiii. 24 To borrow and len glaidlie.
e. to lend out (or †forth): = 1a, 1b; now esp. used of lending libraries.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > lending > lend [verb (transitive)]
lendc1000
loanc1200
to lend out (or forth)1549
commodate?1679
the mind > possession > giving > lending > lend [verb (transitive)] > specifically of a library
to lend out (or forth)1549
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest
lenda900
ockera1382
to set out1533
to lend out (or forth)1549
bank1567
to put forth1572
leta1605
to let outa1616
usure1620
fenerate1623
loan1740
society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [verb (transitive)] > give out books on loan
to lend out (or forth)1549
1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Cv To lende, Thy goodes out for vnlawfull gayne.
1580 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 183 Nane of the saidis buikis sall be nawayis lentt furth..bot vpon the conditioun [etc.].
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 42 He lends out money gratis. View more context for this quotation
1637–8 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 120 If he should lend out his Lodgings himselfe.
1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iv. vii. 149 I perceived a Trade in use among them which was to lend out Corn.
1734 G. Berkeley Let. 4 Apr. in Wks. (1871) IV. 221 As to lending out the books of your library.
1855 R. Browning Fra Lippo Lippi in Men & Women I. 50 God uses us to help each other so, Lending our minds out.
1890 Spectator 14 June 20,000 books of reference (which are not, of course, to be lent out).
2. † b. with accusative and infinitive or clause: To grant. Obsolete.The sense closely resembles that of leve v.1; in manuscripts it is often uncertain whether the word is lene or leue (leve).† c. To hold out (a hand) to be taken. Obsolete.
a. To give, grant, bestow; to impart, afford. (The object usually denotes something which though capable of being bestowed by the subject is not in his possession, or which is viewed as an adventitious or temporary possession or attribute.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > impart
lendOE
common1340
parta1382
conveyc1386
impart1477
give1481
imprint1526
communicate1534
partake1561
impute1594
participate1598
communea1616
stamp1641
shove?a1650
conne1674
α.
β. a1300 Cursor Mundi 649 Þe mikel ioy þat þam es lent.c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B) 342 My lyue, my lymmes þou has me lent.c1430 Hymns Virg. 106 He [God] haþ lant þe lyf and liht.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 99 Welcum, my benefice and my rent, And all the [lyflett] to me lent.1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D3 He rested satisfied with her answere, and therupon lent her a kisse.1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Diiij Her armes do lend his necke a sweet imbrace. View more context for this quotation1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 152 And euer may your Highnesse yoake together, (As I will lend you cause) my doing well, With my well saying. View more context for this quotation1623 T. Middleton Triumphs of Integrity sig. A4 A Speaker lends a voyce to these followings [sic] words.1637 J. Milton Comus 32 Come Ladie while heaven lends us grace, Let us fly this cursed place.1760 S. Foote Minor iii. 90 Your father talks of lending me a lift.1790 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum III. 306 Some counsel unto me come len'.1799 T. Campbell Pleasures of Hope & Other Poems i. 7 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view.1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. ix. 14 And many a flower, and many a tear, Old Teviot's maids and matrons lent.1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady of Shalott (rev. ed.) iv, in Poems (new ed.) I. 86 God in his mercy lend her grace.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 536 Grey, who..was ready for any undertaking, however desperate, lent his aid.1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xli. 8 A mirror Sure would lend her a soberer reflexion.1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxxi. 362 The Mongols of lower rank lending dignity to their superiors by attending them to and from the palace.absolute or intransitive.a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 48 God vs lene of ys lyht.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 210 Loue hem, and lene hem so the lawe of kynde wole.a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 131 Wyth all theyr myght runnynge To Elynour Rummynge, To haue of her tunnynge: She leneth them on the same.1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclxv I pray to ye holygost he lene of his oyntmentes mens wittes to clere.OE Genesis 2059 Ece drihten, eaðe mihte æt þam spereniðe spede lænan.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 5 We ahte..þonkien hit ure drihten þe hit us lende.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 105 Þet mon wisliche spene þa þing þe him god lene on þisse liue to brukene.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5159 Affterr þatt little witt tatt me. Min drihhtin hafeþþ lenedd.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1084 Ȝef he nere soð godd..hu mahte he lenen lif to þe deade?
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5734 Læn [c1300 Otho lean] me Mauric þinne sune þe is a swiðe wis gume.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 116 Þis lond he hire lende.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 4882 Lorde lene grace atte hit so be.
a1400–50 Alexander 3108 With all þe Iolyte & Ioy þat Iubiter vs lenes.
c1430 Hymns Virg. 23 Ihesu, þat me loue hast lende.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2532 Yit grete God slik grace him len.
a1510 G. Douglas King Hart 351 Sythen scho ask, no licence to her len.
a1600 A. Montgomerie Sonnets xliv. 9 Let Mercure language to me len, With Pindar pennis, for to outspring the spheirs.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 427 A zeale to len A gainefull pleasure to my Country-men.
ΚΠ
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4159 In swilc ðewes lene us to cu[m]en.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Harl.) v. 1750 God lene vs for to take it for the beste.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Ariadne. 2083 God..lene [v.rr. leen, leue] me neuere swich a cas be-falle..And leue [v.rr. leve, leen, lyve, lene] here aftyr that I may ȝow fynde..so kynde.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27820 God len vs to forgif man kyn.
?a1500 How Merchande dyd Wyfe Betray 215 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 206 Were sche dedd (god lene hyt wolde!).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > extend hand to be taken
lendc1386
to give one's hand (also hands)?a1534
c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2224 Lene me youre hond, for this is oure accord.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iii. i. 186 Lend me thy hand, and I will giue thee mine. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 69 Lend me thy hand, Ile helpe thee. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. Epilogue 6 Your gentle hands lend vs, and take our hearts. View more context for this quotation
d. to lend an ear or one's ears: to listen, pay attention; often with qualifying adjective. †to lend a deaf ear: to refuse to listen. †Also to lend audience, to lend hearing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > hear [verb (intransitive)] > listen > refuse to listen
to stop (one's own or another's) ear or ears1340
to lend a deaf earc1480
to lay to the deaf eara1500
to have (also put on) merchant's ears1593
solder1642
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > listen attentively [phrase]
to bow the earc1230
to lend audience1580
to lend an ear or one's ears1583
to lend hearing1603
to prick up one's ears1682
to cock one's ears1700
to have one's ears flapping1925
to pin one's ears back1947
c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 92 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 101 Þane wald scho..til hym len a def ere ay.
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 197 Here O you Romishe rufflers and moste shameles papistes, lende me your eares a litel.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxii. ii O God..to my plaint thou hast not audience lent.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. B6v The sweeter the Syren singeth, the dangerouser is it to lend hir our eares.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 5 To my vnfolding Lend thy listning eare.
1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. ii. 52 Viola. Then lend me your eares. Fust. Mine eares are yours deare sister.
1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. Lv Lending soft audience, to my sweet designe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 74. Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 269 To sage Philosophy next lend thine ear . View more context for this quotation
1720 W. Congreve Impossible Thing 16 The Clown aloft, who lent an Ear, Strait stopt him short in mid Career.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. ix. 246 The king..lent a deaf ear to all the representations that were made to him.
a1785 R. Glover Athenaid (1787) I. viii. 210 To all I e'er beheld of regal race, Resembling me in fortune, lend an ear!
1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 266 A song about Adam that John should lend all his ears to.
1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 136 Charles X...lent a cold ear to the..reports brought him by the general.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. i. 11 The young king seemed to lend a willing ear.
1878 J. Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. 202 These are possibilities to which he will lend no ear.
1922 G. M. Trevelyan Brit. Hist. 19th Cent. xvi. 256 The modern English missionary, to whose views..the British government was beginning to lend a credent ear.
1961 N. Roy Black Albino (1989) i. 13 They sometimes lent ears to his talk against Tomaso.
2007 Hello! 17 July 10 Have you been able to lend a listening ear following the breakdown of his marriage?
e. To afford the use or support of (a part of the body); esp. in to lend a hand (or a helping hand)), to render assistance, assist, help.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)]
help?c1225
to shove at the cart1421
supply1446
assist?1518
to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598
to hold handc1600
to put to one's hand (also hands)1603
seconda1609
subminister1611
to give (lend) a lift1622
to lay (a) hand1634
to give a hand1682
to bear a hand1710
to chip in1872
the world > life > the body > part of body > have as part [verb (transitive)] > afford use or support (of specific part of body)
lend1598
the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person: keep from falling > by the arm
lend1598
support1604
oxtera1796
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes The retainer doth some seruice, that now and then..lendes a hande ouer a stile.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. i. sig. C4 Too squemish to..lend a hand to an ignoble act.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 248 Sir, lend me your arme. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 439 Sweet Isabel, doe yet but kneele by me..Oh Isabel: will you not lend a knee? View more context for this quotation
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. ii. 124 I'le lend a helping hand To raise your fortunes.
1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. xx. 85 Lend's a Hand here.
1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 13 Thinking that this would prove a busy day..I am come..to lend you a hand.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. xiii. 115 Lend a helping hand.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 69 Without a shudder, the slave-soldier lends His arm to murderous deeds.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iii I could not sleep If I had lent a hand to rob a church.
1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone II. 175 Lend me your arm, said Pepperill.
1940 Times 11 Dec. 5/4 In war-time a good many people take to what is vaguely called ‘lending a hand’ in the domestic circle.
1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) iv. 69 The local heroes all were known, except two passing strangers who had lent a hand at the barricade and died anonymously.
1961 Bible (New Eng.) Luke x. 40 Tell her to come and lend a hand.
f. To give or deal (a blow). Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > deal or give (a stroke or blow)
setc1300
smitec1300
layc1330
drivec1380
slentc1380
hit?a1400
to lay ona1400
reacha1400
fetchc1400
depart1477
warpc1480
throw1488
lenda1500
serve1561
wherret1599
senda1627
lunge1735
to lay in1809
wreak1817
to get in1834
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxii. 275 A swap, fayn if I durst, Wold I lene the this tyde.
1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 265 Wt forkis and flailis thay lait [a1596 Maitland leit] grit flappis.
1592 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage (rev. ed.) sig. E4v The women..among whom he lent some lusty buffets.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xi. xi. 154 A blow which the Tribune lent her.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 29 Vpon the head hee lent so violent a stroke, That the poore emptie skull, like some thin potsheard broke.
1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. iii. xiv. 57 If thou dost any more, I shall lend thee a Knock.
1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. (1821) 67 Tom gat up and lent a girt drive at Sam.
1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 140 [She] lent him such a slap upon the face as made the wood ring again!
g. To spend (one's energies), devote (one's strength) to. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose > specifically an immaterial thing
beteec1175
spenec1200
beseta1240
dispenda1400
spenda1400
expendc1440
incline?a1475
expone1527
adhibit?1538
depend1607
dispense?1624
lend1697
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 416 [They] lend their little Souls at ev'ry stroke [L. dant animos plagae].
1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee xiii, in Tales Fashionable Life VI. 238 Plying the whip, and lending his very soul at every lash.
1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. xiii. 367 A man who could thus lend every fibre of his body to mere work.
h. to lend colour (to): see colour n.1 Phrases 6.
3. reflexive. To accommodate or adapt oneself to. Of things: To admit of being applied to a purpose or subjected to a certain treatment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > adaptability to circumstances > adapt to circumstances [verb (reflexive)]
applya1500
apt1545
lend1854
adjust1874
reorient1914
reorientate1914
fit1919
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suit or be suitable for [verb (transitive)]
suit1431
queemc1540
fita1586
sort1587
suit1600
to level (a person or thing) with (now rare), to, unto1603
to comply with1626
opportunea1634
commodiate1641
commode1655
lend1854
1854 S. Brooks Aspen Court I. ix. 122 She wore a plain blue cloth dress, which lent itself to her exquisite figure.
1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 227 None lends itself better to architectural purposes.
1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. vi. §3 308 Playing on the credulity of such as lent themselves to his clever deceptions.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xii. 150 Cæsar neither then nor ever lent himself to popular excesses.
1885 Manch. Examiner 3 Nov. 5/1 He loves Ireland too well to lend himself to such a policy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c975
n.2c1575v.111..
v.2a900