单词 | lief |
释义 | liefadj.n.adv. A. adj. (and n.) 1. Beloved, dear, agreeable, acceptable, precious. Also lief and dear. a. In attributive use. Obsolete exc. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adjective] lief and deara900 dearOE sweetOE lovedOE dearlyOE liefOE dearworth?c1225 chere1297 lovered1340 beloveda1375 dearworthyc1374 chary?a1400 sugaredc1475 tender1485 chereful1486 affectionatea1513 dilect1521 chare1583 ingling1595 darling1596 affected1600 in the love of1631 jewel-darling1643 adorable1653 fonded1684 endeared1841 dotey1852 OE Beowulf 34 Aledon þa leofne þeoden..on bearm scipes. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 5 Her ys min leofa sunu. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4136 In-to lef reste his sowle wond. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 136 Loue is þe leuest þing þat vr lord askeþ. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 279 Men made ymages to her leue frendes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17 [Of] tristrem and hys leif ysote. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) lxxxv. 11 For all that is no man bringes Leffer Juell vnto his lady dere. c1574–5 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 145 She should not neede to care for ye leefist frende she had. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N6v My liefest Lord she thus beguiled had. 1601 A. Munday & H. Chettle Death Earle of Huntington sig. F4 Welcome to Gilford, Oxfords liefest Lord. 1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress xi In which, when he receives his Diadem, Our sovereign Lord and liefest Liege is plac'd. 1844 Ld. Houghton Valentia in Mem. Many Scenes 198 Here the sun is pleased to cast Liefest smiles. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [adjective] goodeOE liefc897 sweeta1225 beauc1300 gentlec1330 comelya1375 faira1375 reverentc1410 reverend1422 virtuous?1473 singular1485 lucky1568 respectable1749 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxvi. 253 Ðu leofesta broður. OE Beowulf 1216 Bruc ðisses beages, Beowulf leofa, hyse, mid hæle. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 Nimað ȝeme nu leofemon hwilche ȝife he us ȝefeð. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1375 O, leue feren, feire is us i-fallen. c1330 King of Tars 656 Leove sire, trouwe on this. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1170 Now leue sistyr myn what may it be. 1426 H. Beaufort in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 101 (note) Levest earthly Lorde. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 48 Lief bellyn wherfore be ye angry. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 91 Thar bene bot few example takis of vther, Bot wilfully fallis in the fyre, leif brother. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Civ Who was it leiue son? speke ich pray the. 1620 F. Quarles Jonah K 3 b Deare liefest Lord, that feast'st the world with Grace. 1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 207 Children mine, liefe and deare, I love you both alike. c. In predicative use. Const. dative or to, unto, esp. in liefer was, were, to me, him, etc. with infinitive or clause as subject [= ‘I had rather’] . Also Scottish liefis me = dear is to me (see also leeze me n.). Obsolete exc. archaic and dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adjective] lief and deara900 dearOE sweetOE lovedOE dearlyOE liefOE dearworth?c1225 chere1297 lovered1340 beloveda1375 dearworthyc1374 chary?a1400 sugaredc1475 tender1485 chereful1486 affectionatea1513 dilect1521 chare1583 ingling1595 darling1596 affected1600 in the love of1631 jewel-darling1643 adorable1653 fonded1684 endeared1841 dotey1852 the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > make types of choice [verb (intransitive)] > would rather liefer was, were, to me, hima900 I (etc.) had (occasionally have) as lief asc1290 a900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 755 (Parker MS.) Þa cuædon hie þæt him nænig mæg leofra nære þonne hiera hlaford. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxix. 19 Leofre me ys þæt ic hig sylle þe þonne oðrum men. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 35 Swilche pine ic habbe þet me were leofere þenne al world..most ic habben an alpi þraȝe summe lisse. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14701 To lakenn himm wiþþ þatt tatt himm. Iss lefesst off þin ahhte. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 Þu shalt ben lef and wurð and liken alle men. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 202 Þeȝ..leof [v.r. lof] him were nihtegale. a1300 Cursor Mundi 23936 Þis ilk praier leuedi þou here, For þaa þat ar me lijfe and dere. 1340–70 Alex & Dind. 562 Hure was lecherie luf. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1143 Leuere me were by my fay he were to-drawe wyþ hors. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 205 Now ches and tak which you is levere. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 16 Þerfor lerne þe byleue leuest me were. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 266 Bot Iueler gente if þou schal lose Þy Ioy for a gemme þat þe was lef. c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale Jonathas 170 This man to folkes alle was so leef. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. xx Ye haue lefte me the yongest and the fayrest, and she is moost leuest to me. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 107 Full leif is me ȝowr [1568 Fow leis me that] graceles gane. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. vii. 37 O levis me! the lykest thing leving, And verray ymage of my Astianax ȝing! a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 63/1 Them wer leuer to leese all that thei haue besyde, then [etc.]. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. D2v Cambel tooke Cambina to his fere, The which as life were each to other liefe. View more context for this quotation 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. ii. 17 Thy fathers odious name, Whose mention were alike to thee as leeue As a Catch-pols fist vnto a Bankrupts sleeue. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 147 Those who are most leife and deere unto us shall bee slaves. 1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe B 7 Leuer me were be slaine in this place..Then purpose againe you any fallace. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems Lines 8/2 But all are deaf Vnto my Muse, that is most lief To mine own self. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 7 I charge thee, quickly go again As thou art lief and dear. d. In various constructions with have (see have v. 47, and cf. German lieb haben, Dutch liefhebben): I (etc.) had (occasionally have) as lief as, I had (occasionally †have) liefer (than), †liefest, with object a n. infinitive phrase (with or without to), or subordinate clause. †Also in impersonal constructions (see have v. 47c).In I'd, you'd, he'd (etc.) as lief, the ambiguous contraction is probably taken to represent would rather than had; the examples are therefore placed under the adverb. Actual instances with had might still occur, but only as archaic or dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > make types of choice [verb (intransitive)] > would rather liefer was, were, to me, hima900 I (etc.) had (occasionally have) as lief asc1290 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 94/79 For ich habbe leouere þat ȝe hire ouer-come. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 471/321 Ȝuyt hadde ich leouere ich were i-huld. 13.. K. Alis. 21 Feole & fille..hadde lever a ribaudye Than to here of God. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 453 I haue leuer þat loue þan lac al mi harmes. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 19 Þei han levere to dien in pryde and in malice þan to lyve in mekenes and charite. c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 919 Leuere ich hadde to dyen on a knyf, Than thee offende trewe deere wif. c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Prol. 5 I hadde leuere than a barel ale That gode lief my wyf hadde herd this tale. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 130 I hadde hir levere than a Myn of Gold. a1400 K. Alis. 1234 Theo riche..saide they hadden, sikirliche, Leovere steorve..than [etc]. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. ii. 75 Of these thre worldes,..I hadde leuer here speke, than ony thynge elles. c1480 (a1400) St. Placidus 390 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 80 He had als lef be ded as lef his wyf but remed. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. A 4 He had leifer save one citizen and subjects life than kill a thousand enemies. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xxxi. 2) 242 He had as lief have parted with his very heart-blood. 1728 A. Ramsay Tit for Tat 31 I'd lure be strung Up by the neck. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. vii. 49 One had lieverer touch a Toad than the Flesh of some People. View more context for this quotation 1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 121 With all my heart,..for I had as liff sit with Lucy or Marget as either of you, and at any time whatsomever. a1766 F. Sheridan Concl. Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph (1770) IV. 311 I had as lief have let it alone. 1836 M. Mackintosh Cottager's Daughter 39 Far loor in a rape I'd see him hinging As 'mong heretics I'd hear him singing. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective] freeeOE well-willingOE readyc1175 fainc1275 buxoma1300 prestc1300 liefc1325 rifec1390 willyc1390 baina1400 willinga1400 listyc1440 towardc1440 appliable1449 pronea1450 wilfulc1460 prompt?a1475 content1477 towardly1513 contenteda1525 towards1525 fond1529 comingc1576 unrefusinga1586 open-armed1594 voluntary1598 gainsome1629 easy1653 unreluctant1654 nothing loath1667 applicable1702 irreluctanta1706 unhesitating1753 unloath1861 prone-minded1869 c1325 Poem times Edw. II (Percy) xliii The gode-man schal have never a mossel, Be he never so lef. c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 3072 With five hundred noble kniȝtes Hardi & strong, & leue to fiȝtes. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxliii. 4 Man..þat is leuer to lose his saule þan his lust. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 298 Þes newe ordris ech on þat ben so lef to lye. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 173 And thus us ow not to be lefe of jugement of men. c1400 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 51 I was lefe for to escape. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5428 To saue his londes he was lefe. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 487 With a spone lightely to ete your souerayne may be leeff. ?c1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 593 That my father so leve he be That wyll profer me to thee. c1500 Young Children's Bk. (Ashm. 61) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 21 Be not lefe to telle tydinge. 3. Antithetically to loath, in senses A. 1, A. 2. Also absol., esp. in for lief or loath. Obsolete exc. archaic. ΚΠ OE Beowulf 511 Ne inc ænig mon, ne leof ne lað, belean mihte sorhfullne sið. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Al þat me was leof, hit was þe loð. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2379 Ne leten he nouth for lef ne loth. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypsipyle. 1639 That he for lef or loth Ne shulde neuere hire false. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. vi Other for lyef or lothe. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1182 The Cooke, be he loothe or leeff. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Hiv Nowe leue, nowe lothe. 1584 G. Peele Araygnem. Paris ii. ii. sig. Cv Well, Iuno, whether wee bee leyfe or lothe, Venus hathe got the aple from vs bothe. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. i. iv. iv Our adversaries, loth or lief Must needs confesse that [etc.]. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 363 An oath To do my bidding once, if lieve or loath It were to thee. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano iii. viii. 136 Now hence must I..be I loth or lief. a. (When used in addressing a superior = Sir! Sire! Lord!) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for a man liefc907 goodmanOE beausirec1300 sir1320 lede1377 fatherhood1461 gallant1488 fatherhead?a1500 Mr?a1640 gallantissimoa1681 mister1734 massa1766 sieur1772 stira1796 master1798 zurr1803 sieur1812 squire1828 guv'nor1843 Mistah1853 sor1891 suh1894 c907 Mem. in Earle Land Charters (1888) 162 Leof ic ðe cyðe hu hit wæs ymb ðæt lond æt funtial. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 314 Hi..cwædon to ðam apostolon, La leof, hwæt is us to donne. a1175 Cott. Hom. 235 La lief maȝie wiman forȝeten his oȝe cild. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2606 ‘Ye lef ye’, couth þe erl gunter. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 44 Lefe & dere, My lond is at þi wille. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 257 But leve take heed to Cristis wordis. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 454 Ȝif he do good to þe chirche in preiyng or in studiynge, leve, what is þis to herdis offis. a1400 Sir Perc. 1 Lef, lythes to me Two wordes or thre Off one that was faire and fre. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [noun] darlingc888 the apple of a person's eyeeOE lief971 light of one's eye(s)OE lovedOE my lifelOE lovec1225 druta1240 chere1297 sweetc1330 popelotc1390 likinga1393 oninga1400 onlepya1400 belovedc1430 well-beloved1447 heart-rootc1460 deara1500 delicate1531 belove1534 leefkyn1540 one and only1551 fondling1580 dearing1601 precious1602 loveling1606 dotey1663 lovee1753 passion1783 mavourneen1800 dote1809 treasure1844 seraph1853 sloe1884 darlint1888 asthore1894 darl1930 the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > one who is loved or a sweetheart > specifically a female sweetheart or girlfriend lief971 ladya1393 ladyshipa1393 speciala1400 amiec1400 womanc1400 amoreta1425 mistressc1425 paramoura1450 fair ladya1470 girl?a1513 sooterkin1530 Tib1533 she1547 lady-love1568 jug1569 young lady1584 pigeon1592 love-lass1594 lass1596 dowsabel1612 swainling1615 lucky1629 Dulcinea1638 Lindabrides1640 inamorata1651 baby1684 best girl1691 lady friend1733 young woman1822 moll1823 querida1834 sheila1839 bint1855 tart1864 babykins1870 Dona1874 novia1874 fancy-girl1892 girlfriend1892 cliner1895 tootsy1895 dinah1898 best1904 twist and twirl1905 jane1906 kitten1908 patootie1918 meisie1919 bride1924 gf1925 jelly1931 sort1933 a bit (also piece) of homework1945 beast1946 queen1955 momma1964 mi'jita1970 her indoors1979 girlf1991 971 Blickl. Hom. 21 Ne biþ he Godes leof on þæm nehstan dæge. c1250 Lutel soth Serm. 63 in Old Eng. Misc. 188 Hwenne heo to chirche comeþ to þe haliday Eueruch wile his leof iseon. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. i. 8 To my riding in charis of Farao, I licnede thee O my leef. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 207 Alwey the nye slye Maketh the ferre leve to be looth. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 221 Bot natheles sche hadde a levere. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4352 Þat þou mi lefe wald be. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1782 Bot if ȝe haf a lemman, a leuer, þat yow lykeȝ better. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 939 Þo wern Loth & his lef, his luflyche deȝter. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 6576 Nou wel I wote this fals theef Hath thus led a-way my leef. 1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 27 Amand your cosyn alyed Hath a fairer lyef Than ye haue. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. A3 Colin my liefe, my life. a1622 H. Ainsworth tr. Solomons Song of Songs (1623) v. 9 What is thy Leif more then another Leif? 1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 67 in Purple Island Thomalin my lief, thy musick strains to heare, More raps my soul, then [etc.]. B. adv. Dearly, gladly, willingly. Chiefly with would, past subjunctive (occasionally Scottish with omission of would). Also in as lief (as), the liefer; lief I were = I would gladly be.The adverbial use originated chiefly from the misinterpretation of phrases like I had as lief, I had liever (see A. 1d), in which would appears instead of had as early as the 13th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adverb] lieflyc900 lief1297 cherefully1495 endearedly1624 belovedly1667 darlingly1873 the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adverb] to goodeOE thankc888 yernec888 lieflyc900 lovelyeOE lustly971 willinglyOE wilfullyc1000 with (also mid) heart and hand (also hands)OE fainc1175 lustilya1225 lief1297 yfaȝea1300 blethelyc1300 goodlya1375 blelyc1380 willingc1384 bainc1400 acceptably1479 bainlya1500 cheerfully1523 towardly1523 desirously1531 pronely?1532 fainly1535 wilningly1597 bongre1598 libentiously1606 volently1614 propensely1648 easily1649 with (a) good grace1650 unreluctantly1655 with the best will (in the world)1814 unhesitatingly1829 unqualifyingly1841 unloathly1844 happily1889 the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > wishing > wish [phrase] Christ wouldeOE God wouldeOE lief I were1297 to hope (also wish, etc.) to Christa1375 to wish to Godc1385 willc1460 would to God (also Heaven)c1460 goodness1623 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5302 He ches leuere to deye him sulf, þan such sorwe yse. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 49 And of hem two ðat leue luuen Ðe welden al her and abuuen. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 96 Alle wommen lievest wolde Be soverein of mannes love. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ii. 143 For to louye þy lord leuest of alle. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3135 Þat he ne wald leuer his child cole þan of his lauerd wrath to thole. a1400–50 Alexander 1082 Þare lengis him lefe þe kynge & logis all a neuen [= an even]. c1450 Erle Tolous 365 Leve y were so worthy a knyght. a1500 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 267 The trewth wolde I knowe as leff as ye. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 29 They that wolde leuer be in the quier. 1530 W. Tyndale Pract. Prelates sig. Cviijv The Pope..sendeth him [sc. the Emperoure] his coronacyon home to him oftymes moch leuer than that he shuld come any neare. 1545 J. Clopton in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 90 So, wyth-oute youre better auyse I and myn brothyr purpose vs to be wyth you there at þat tyme; for þe sonnere þe levyr me. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 79 Scho leir be japit thryiss. 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 83v More leffer shoulde it lurcke (if I might haue my will). 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Heautontimoroumenos ii. iii, in Terence in Eng. 213 Now see whether of these two conditions you would leaver have. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 20 But I loor chuse in highland glens To herd the kid. 1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini iv. v. 167 Far liever would I face about, and step Back to my Emperor. 1814 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 223 He might spare such a force..as I would as lieve not have to encounter. 1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. iii. iii. 314 She would as leave [1840 lieve] part with the skin off her back, as with her money. 1840 Southern Literary Messenger 6 508/1 Never mind..I'd as leave be here as anywheres else. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. vi. 132 I would as lief go there as anywhere. 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South II. xii. 161 I'd liefer sweep th' streets, if paupers had na' got hold on that work. 1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. i. 101 Far liefer had I in my country hall Been reading some old book. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad l. 77 Where shall one halt to deliver This luggage I'd lief set down? 1898 Pall Mall Mag. June 220 To strip was to confess her sex, than which she would liefer have died. 1898 M. Deland Old Chester Tales 80 I would just as leave. 1902 A. D. McFaul Ike Glidden in Maine xviii. 144 I would's leave git fired. 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia 121 They would fetch you a bang over the head as leave as look at you. 1935 G. Ingram ‘Stir’ Train i. 16 ‘I've got a little instrument here,’ Margot showed him a thin scalpel.., ‘and..I would as leave stick it into anyone's belly as any surgeon.’ CompoundsΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > message of love lief-tidingc1275 c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1035 Ich mai do þar gode note An bringe hom loue tiþinge [a1300 Jesus Oxf. leue tiþinge] Vor ich of chirche songe singe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.adv.c897 |
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